Independence Sash, Door & Lumber Co. v. Bradfield
134 S.W. 118
Mo. Ct. App.
1911
Check Treatment
JOHNSON, J.

Action to enforce a mechanic’s lien. Plaintiff, a materialman, furnished material for a building erected by Hugh W. Heinselman and Mary A. Heinselman, husband and wife, on land they purchased in 1907, and held as tenants by the entirety. Plaintiff furnished the material under contract with the contractor (defendant Bradbury) who, it is admitted, erected the building under a contract with both tenants. The petition alleges “that said propеrty was at the date of furnishing said material and now is, the property of the defendants, Hugh W. Heinselman and Mary A. Heinselman and the said J. J. Bradfield was the original contractor with the said Hugh W. and Mary A’. Heinselman for the erection of said building.”

The lien paper alleged that Hugh Heinselman was the owner and did not mention the fact that his wife had an interest in the property or was a party to the contraсt for the improvement. It was verified by E. C. Harrington who appended the word “secretary” to his *530signature. Notice of the lien was addrеssed to and served on the husband alone. On these facts the court-rendered judgment in favor of defendant Mary Heinselman and adjudged that “all the right title and interest of the said defendant'Hugh W. Heinselman” be charged with the lien, etc. The cause is before us on the aрpeal of the defendant Hugh.

Four propositions are argued by counsel of the appealing defendant, viz.: First. “There was а variance between the material allegations in the plaintiff’s petition and the proof.” Second. “There was no verification as required by law of the lien filed with the clerk of the circuit court of Jackson county, Missouri, and the court erred in admitting the liеn paper' offered in evidence by the plaintiff over the objection of the defendants.” Third. “The ‍​​​‌​​‌‌​‌‌​‌​‌‌‌​​‌​‌‌​​​​‌‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌‌‌‌‌​​​‍notice of the sub-contractor of its intention to file a lien on the property should have been served on all of the owners.” Fourth. “As the property in quеstion was owned jointly by Mary A. Heinselman and Hugh W. Heinselman in the estate by the entirety the court erred in rendering judgment in favor of Mary A. Heinselmаn and against Hugh W. Heinselman. The judgment, if at all, should have been rendered against them both or against neither.”

We shall determine these questions in the order stated.

I. This point rests on the contеntion that the petition alleges a joint contract between the contractor and the two owners, while the proof shows that the contract was made by only one of the owners — the defendant Hugh. It sufficiently answers the point to say that the contract as pleaded was admitted at the tiial by counsel for defendants, as appears in the following quotation from the proсeedings:

“Q. Who did you make this contract with?” Counsel for defendants: “I object to that. The petition charges that the contract was made with Hugh W, *531Heinselman aiid Mary A. Heinselman and the answer admits it.”

We shall not go behind that admission despite the fact subsequently develoрed that the contract was signed by the husband alone. That fact is not inconsistent with the admission ‍​​​‌​​‌‌​‌‌​‌​‌‌‌​​‌​‌‌​​​​‌‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌‌‌‌‌​​​‍and it is a settled rule of practicе that an admission of fact, on which the cause is tried in the circuit court is binding on the parties in the appellate court.

II. The affidavit was sufficiently signed. [Laswell v. Church, 46 Mo. 279.] The addition to the signature of the official title of the affiant should be regarded as merely descriptive. The case of Norman v. Horn, 36 Mo. App. 419, is not in point. There the signature and oath appeared to have been made a partnership and it was properly held that a partnership, as such, could not make an affidavit. “It would be just as reasonable,” say the court, “to hold that a corporation, as such, could make an affidavit, as to hold that a firm could.” In the present сase.the instrument does not bear the attempted verification of a partnership or corporation but of an individual whо might be held liable for perjury for a false affidavit knowingly made.

III. The mechanics’ lien statutes are highly remedial and should be given a liberal construction. Though they require a sub-contractor or materialman to serve .notice on “the owner, owners or agеnt” of the property., ‍​​​‌​​‌‌​‌‌​‌​‌‌‌​​‌​‌‌​​​​‌‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌‌‌‌‌​​​‍they contemplate that an honest mistake may be made in ascertaining the names of all the owners and intend that the lien shall not be lost in consequence of such mistake in the lien paper or notice. [Sash & Door Works v. Shadе, 137 Mo. App. l. c. 23.] In Lumber Co. v. Stoddard, 113 Mo. App. 306, the St. Louis Court of Appeals properly held that service of notice on one of two co-owners of the property was sufficient to hold his interest or estate subject to the lien. Por reasons which *532our discussion of dеfendant’s final proposition will make apparent, we think this rule should obtain in the present case and hold, as did the learned trial judge, that the notice was effective as to the interest or estate of the appealing defendant.

IY. The ownership оf the land being acquired by the appealing defendant and his wife in 1907, their relations to each other and to ‍​​​‌​​‌‌​‌‌​‌​‌‌‌​​‌​‌‌​​​​‌‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌‌‌‌‌​​​‍strangers, as tenants by the entirety were subject to the provisions of the Married Woman’s Act of 1889. [Holmes v. Kansas City, 209 Mo. 513; Bains v. Bullock, 129 Mo. 117; Arnold v. Willis, 128 Mo. 145.] Prior to that legislation the common law rulеs jjertaining to the peculiar estate under consideration prevailed in this state and during the joint lives of the tenants they were considered as a unit in the ownership of the estate — and the husband was the unit. [Hough v. Light & Fuel Co., 127 Mo. App. 570, and cases cited.] The statute changed this rule and nоw the wife during coverture is recognized as having an interest, not only in the inheritance, but in the possession which she may enforce аnd protect in actions prosecuted by her alone. [Holmes v. Kansas City, supra.]

In Bains v. Bullock, supra, the Supreme Court say: “The mаrital control of the husband over the real estate of his Avife is removed and she is given the power to sue ‘at law or in equity with or withоut her husband being joined with her as a party.’ The right to sue in her own name seems to be unlimited. That-she has the right to sue in ejectment to reсover possession of her land has been decided. [Arnold v. Willis, supra.]”

As the law now stands each of the tenants, during their joint lives, has an interest in the inheritance and. as to strangers, each has a present right of possession which ‍​​​‌​​‌‌​‌‌​‌​‌‌‌​​‌​‌‌​​​​‌‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌‌‌‌‌​​​‍may be enforced either at Iuav or in equity. Each is an “owner” within the purview of the mechanic’s lien statutes and by contract, may subject his or her estate *533to liens for improvements erected on the land. Such is our ruling in Nold v. Ozenberger, decided at this term, and we reaffirm here what was said by Broaddus, P. J. in that case.

The judgment is affirmed.

All concur.