In Re Veblen West Dairy LLP
DECISION RE: MOTION TO APPOINT A TRUSTEE
The matter before the Court is AgStar Financial Services, PCA and AgStar Financial Services, FLCA’s Motion for Appointment of a Trustee. This is a core proceeding under 28 U.S.C. § 157(b)(2). This decision and accompanying order shall constitute the Court’s findings and conclusions under Fed.Rs.Bankr.P. 7052 and 9014(c). As set forth below, the motion will be granted.
I.
Veblen West Dairy LLP (“Debtor”) is one of several interrelated dairy operations in South Dakota and its neighboring states. Debtor is primarily a milking facility, with nearly 4,000 cows in production. Debtor’s most significant ties to and direct connections with the various interrelated entities were with Veblen East Dairy Limited Partnership (“Veblen East”) and Prairie Ridge Management Company, LLC (“Prairie Ridge”). Veblen East purchased dry cows from Debtor and the related milking facilities, supplied freshened cows to the same facilities, and operated a calving, special needs, and hospital facility. Under the direction of Richard Millner (“Millner”), Prairie Ridge managed Debt- or, Veblen East, the other milking facilities, and certain related calf- and heifer-raising facilities. Several of the entities were financed by AgStar Financial Services, PCA and AgStar Financial Services, FLCA (“AgStar”).
None of the interrelated entities has been in existence for very long, though several are the successors-in-interest of longer-running operations. Each operation is a distinct legal entity with separate bank accounts, but all have common, though not identical, owners. Many of the ownership interests are held — directly or indirectly — by Millner and members of his family. Some of the owners guaranteed the entities’ respective debts.
Several of the related operations began to experience financial problems, with matters coming to a head with AgStar in late 2009 and early 2010. In the process, Veblen East became indebted to and partly
Shortly after Debtor’s bankruptcy case was filed, AgStar filed a motion seeking the appointment of a chapter 11 trustee (doc. 64). An evidentiary hearing was held over the course of two days. The evidence presented by AgStar focused on Debtor’s continuing environmental issues and numerous substantial transfers of assets and liabilities between and among Debtor and the several related entities. The evidence presented by Debtor focused on the current operation of the facility. Debtor also tried to explain some of, but not nearly all, the pre-petition transfers that AgStar identified as problematic. After the close of testimony, the parties filed written closing arguments, and the matter was taken under advisement.
II.
Section 1104(a) of the Bankruptcy Code provides:
At any time after the commencement of the case but before confirmation of a plan, on request of a party in interest or the United States trustee, and after notice and a hearing, the court shall order the appointment of a trustee—
(1) for cause, including fraud, dishonesty, incompetence, or gross mismanagement of the affairs of the debtor by current management, either before or after the commencement of the case, or similar cause, but not including the number of holders of securities of the debtor or the amount of assets or liabilities of the debtor;
(2) if such appointment is in the interests of creditors, any equity security holders, and other interests of the estate, without regard to the number of holders of securities of the debtor or the amount of assets or liabilities of the debtor[J
11 U.S.C. § 1104(a) (2010) (emphasis added). 3
The parties disagree, however, on the extent of the movant’s burden of proof. Two circuit courts of appeal have concluded the movant must meet its burden with clear and convincing evidence.
Bayou Group, LLC,
The Court has the discretionary authority to determine whether cause exists for the appointment of a trustee under § 1104(a)(1).
In re Sharon Steel Corp.,
III.
Both Debtor and AgStar offered substantial testimony and several exhibits regarding environmental issues Debtor faces, mostly having to do with its lagoons and manure handling system. The Court concludes, though the problems were serious and to some extent remain ongoing, Debtor’s efforts to resolve these issues were both appropriate and reasonable. This conclusion is supported by the testimony of Jeanne Goodman, a geologist with South Dakota’s Department of Environment and Natural Resources’ water quality program. Accordingly, the Court finds the environmental issues provide insufficient cause for the appointment of a chap
AgStar also did not establish incompetence or gross mismanagement in Debt- or’s day-to-day operations that would constitute cause for the appointment of a chapter 11 trustee. Michael Staviek, Debtor’s operations manager, testified Debtor’s facilities, equipment, and herd are in good condition and are being maintained, and Debtor’s employees are competent and are willing to work for him, despite the bankruptcy filing. Mr. Stavick’s testimony was not controverted.
As to the management of Debtor’s business affairs and its relationship and transactions with Yeblen East, Prairie Ridge, and the other related entities, primarily before the case was filed, the record tips the scales in favor of the appointment of a chapter 11 trustee. AgStar, through Certified Public Accountant Glen Steiner, identified numerous pre-petition transactions, mostly in 2010, between and among Debtor and the related entities, that involved substantial assets and liabilities and significant changes in equity positions. For example, and perhaps most notably, Steiner detailed how, in late February and early March 2010, $395,000.00 of a $550,468.24 milk proceeds check Debtor received was used to pay down a debt owed by another related entity, Vantage Cattle Company, LLP. Debtor was unable to satisfactorily explain or justify why these milk proceeds were used for anything other than Debtor’s own operating expenses.
Steiner’s remaining testimony was also largely undisputed. Debtor acknowledged some of the transfers of assets and liabilities and the changes in equity positions Steiner had questioned, and it did little to ease any of the Court’s concern that Debt- or’s and its management team’s pre-petition actions were not evenhanded and were primarily intended to benefit insiders and the several affiliated entities, rather than Debtor’s creditors. 5 Significantly, Debtor chose not to offer explanatory testimony from Shan Betzold, Prairie Ridge’s controller, the individual Millner testified made the decision whom to pay and whom not to pay and who would therefore be most likely to possess firsthand knowledge of the facts needed to explain Debtor’s seemingly aberrant use of its milk proceeds. Millner’s own attempts to explain some of the transactions were fruitless, and his testimony raised more red flags than it lowered.
Joel Gratz, the Certified Public Accountant whose testimony was offered by Debt- or, acknowledged his accounting firm had
The record offers insufficient evidence of post-petition dealings for the Court to determine whether Debtor’s and its management team’s conflicts of interest are interfering with Debtor’s ability to fulfill its chapter 11 fiduciary duties or whether there has been any post-petition squandering of estate assets. However, the record is abundant and alarmingly clear that an independent entity needs to assess the case for possible voidable pre-petition preferences and fraudulent or constructively fraudulent conveyances. 6
The question remains, however, how far the scales must tip in favor of the appointment of a chapter 11 trustee. As noted above, the courts are not unanimous regarding the applicable burden of proof. While several courts have relied on the ruling of the Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit in
G-I Holdings, Inc.,
Because the preponderance-of-the-evidence standard results in a roughly equal allocation of the risk of error between litigants, we presume that this standard is applicable in civil actions between private litigants unless “particularly important individual interests or rights are at stake.” Herman & MacLean v. Huddleston,459 U.S. 375 , 389-390,103 S.Ct. 683 , 691,74 L.Ed.2d 548 (1983); see also Addington v. Texas,441 U.S. 418 , 423,99 S.Ct. 1804 , 1808,60 L.Ed.2d 323 (1979). We have previously held that a debtor has no constitutional or “fundamental” right to a discharge in bankruptcy. See United States v. Kras,409 U.S. 434 , 445-46,93 S.Ct. 631 , 637-638,34 L.Ed.2d 626 (1973). We also do not believe that, in the context of provisions designed to exempt certain claims from discharge, a debtor has an interest in discharge sufficient to require a heightened standard of proof.
Id.
at 286,
In this case, however, the evidence offered by AgStar is in fact both clear and convincing. Consequently, regardless of which standard is applied, AgStar has met its burden of proof and has established cause for the appointment of a chapter 11 trustee. The Court must therefore grant AgStar’s motion. 11 U.S.C. § 1104(a)(1). An appropriate order will be entered. 7
Notes
. In re The Dairy Dozen-Milnor, LLP, Bankr. No. 10-30377 (Bankr.D.N.D.), is still pending under chapter 11. A plan of reorganization has not been confirmed. In re The Dairy Dozen-Thief River Falls, LLP, Bankr.No. 10-60438 (Bankr.D.Minn.), was converted to chapter 7 on June 3, 2010.
. Veblen East and The Dairy Dozen-Veblen, LLP, another related entity, both filed for chapter 11 bankruptcy relief in this district on July 2, 2010.
. AgStar's brief did not reference subpart (3), which was added by BAPCPA. It provides the court shall order the appointment of a trustee:
(3) if grounds exist to convert or dismiss the case under section 1112, but the court determines that the appointment of a trustee or an examiner is in the best interests of creditors and the estate.
Case law is limited, but it appears, when subsection (a)(3) is read in conjunction with § 1112, the application of § 1104(a)(3) is limited to situations where the court is presented with a motion and cause to dismiss or convert the case, but using the authority given by § 1104(a)(3), the court appoints a chapter 11 trustee instead. One court has viewed it as incorporating "cause” under § 1112 for conversion or dismissal as cause for appointment of a trustee.
In re Plaza de Retiro, Inc.,
. The Court is mindful that in its July 8, 2010 motion seeking confirmation the automatic stay is not applicable to its waste water regulatory powers (doc. 261), South Dakota's Department of Environment and Natural Resources alleged:
Debtor has not taken the actions necessary to reduce the level of wastewater in its holding ponds or to ensure that it will reduce those levels within the time necessary in order to mitigate the possibility of a discharge this coming Fall or Winter. Rather, Debtor has increased the number of cattle being milked and water used, resulting in increased stress on the holding ponds and their storage capacity.... A failure or overflow of Debtor’s wastewater holding ponds would result in an immediate and serious threat to public health.
This is certainly troubling. However, the allegations were made after the hearing on the instant motion. The Department and Debtor have resolved the motion, but not the environmental problems, by stipulation (doc. 277).
. Debtor’s post-petition selection of Michael Wyum to replace Millner as its managing partner did nothing to alleviate the Court’s concern. Millner continues to be actively involved with Prairie Ridge, and Prairie Ridge continues to be actively involved with Debtor. Wyum gave the Court no reason to believe he would act independently of Millner.
. That independent entity could also review Debtor’s transactions with its former attorneys, who have not filed an application for compensation or accounted for the pre-petition retainer they received in connection with the case, and Debtor’s transactions with Prairie Ridge, which has not been employed by the estate, despite clear evidence it is rendering professional services to Debtor.
. Because the appointment of a trustee is mandatory under § 1104(a)(1) if cause is found, the Court does not reach the question under 11 U.S.C. § 1104(a)(2) of whether the appointment of a trustee is in the best interests of creditors, any equity security holders, and other interests.