35 Nev. 56 | Nev. | 1912
By the Court,
The petitioner, together with one Nimrod Urie, was indicted by the grand jury of Humboldt County, Nevada, for the commission of a double murder, committed at Imlay, in said county, wherein Eugene Quilici and Marie Quilici were robbed and murdered. The defendant, Urie, upon motion was granted a separate trial, and upon such trial, held at Winnemucca, -Humboldt County, Nevada, was tried and found guilty of murder in the first degree, and sentenced by the court to be hanged by the neck until he be dead. An appeal from this judgment is pending and undetermined at the present time in this court. The petitioner herein was granted a change of venue from Humboldt County to Washoe County, and upon the trial was convicted of murder in the first degree, and for punishment was ordered confined in the penitentiary for life.
The petitioner was indicted under' two indictments for the crime of murder: Indictment No. 1, for the murder of Eugene Quilici; and indictment No. 2, for the murder of Marie Quilici. After conviction upon indictment No. 1, the petitioner was taken to the Nevada state prison and entered upon the serving of his life sentence, and three months later, by an order of the judge of the Sixth judicial district court, he was removed from the state
" It is hereby stipulated and agreed by and between the attorneys for the State of Nevada and the attorneys for the petitioner, as follows:
"That on the____day of March, 1911, the grand jury, in and for Humboldt County, Nevada, returned two indictments against the petitioner, J. Frank Tramner, and one Nimrod Urie, which said indictments were numbered 1 and 2, respectively.
"That indictment No. 1 was for the killing of Eugene Quilici, and No. 2 was for the killing of Marie Quilici. Both of said crimes are alleged to have occurred at the same time and place.
"That at the time of the finding and return of the two indictments against your petitioner, the grand jury, in and for Humboldt County, Nevada, returned certain other indictments as follows: State of Nevada against Watson, for burglary; State of Nevada against Barnum, for forgery; State of Nevada against Wilson, for gambling State of Nevada against Morrison, for gambling; State of Nevada against Friend, for embezzlement.
" That after the return of the - indictments against the petitioner, and on the 9th day of March, 1911, the peti*60 tioner entered his plea of not guilty to both of said indictments.
"That at the time of the return of the said indictments against your petitioner, and at the time of his entering his plea of not guilty to the same, your petitioner was in the custody of the sheriff of Humboldt County, Nevada.
"That after the return of said indictments numbered 1 and 2, against your petitioner, and at the May term of the district court of the Sixth judicial district, in and for Humboldt County, Nevada, indictment No. 1 against the petitioner was set down for trial, and afterward, and on the____day of May, 1911, was sent to Washoe County, Nevada, by a change of venue.
"That afterward, and on the____day of July, 1911, this petitioner was placed on trial under said indictment No. 1, and was found guilty of murder in the first degree, and his punishment fixed at life imprisonment in the penitentiary of the State of Nevada.
"That thereafter and on the 14th day of July, 1911, judgment and sentence was pronounced on said indictment No. 1 against this petitioner, and a commitment was issued out of the Second judicial district court in and for Washoe County, Nevada, sentencing and committing him to imprisonment for life in the state penitentiary, and directing the sheriff of Washoe County to deliver the petitioner to the warden of the state penitentiary.
"That in pursuance of said judgment and sentence and commitment petitioner was immediately thereafter, and on the 15th day of July, 1911, taken to Carson City, Nevada, and delivered to the warden of the state penitentiary, in whose custody the petitioner remained under said commitment and under the sentence imposed by the Second judicial district court of Washoe County, Nevada, under said indictment No. 1.
"That the petitioner was confined and restrained by the said warden of the penitentiary under said commitment and sentence until about the 29th day of October, 1911, when the petitioner was taken from the custody of the*61 warden of the penitentiary by the sheriff of Humboldt County, Nevada, and taken to Winnemucca, in said Humboldt County, Nevada.
"That on the 10th day of March, 1911, in the Sixth judicial district court in and for Humboldt County, State of Nevada, the following order was made in the case of the State of Nevada against J. Frank Tramner, under indictment No. 2: 'The defendants, the counsel, and the district attorney being present in court, it is ordered that this cause be continued for further setting. ’
"That there was no other or further order made in the case under indictment No. 2, and no further steps taken by the state to bring this petitioner to trial under indictment No. 2, until the 27th day of October, 1911, when an order was made and entered by the judge of the Sixth judicial district court, in and for Humboldt County, Nevada, to bring the petitioner before the said district court of Humboldt County, Nevada, for the purpose of having the case under indictment No. 2 set for trial; said indictment No. 2 being the same indictment No. 2 that was found and returned by the grand jury of Humboldt County, Nevada, on the____day of March, 1911, aforesaid, and said order being the order set out by the return of the sheriff of Washoe County, Nevada, herein.
"That afterward, and on the 1st day of November, 1911, a severance was ordered in the case under indictment No. 2, and the case against your petitioner was set for trial on November 25, 1911.
"That afterward, and on November 3,1911, a change of venue was granted to Washoe County, Nevada, and the petitioner was delivered to the sheriff of Washoe County, Nevada.
"That all of the indictments returned by the grand jury of Humboldt County, Nevada, on the 9th day of March, 1911, were tried and disposed of at the May term of the district court of the Sixth judicial district, excepting indictments Nos. 1 and 2 against the petitioner.
"That at the said May term of the district court of Humboldt County, Nevada, a jury was in attendance, and*62 the witnesses for the state could have been procured for a trial under indictment No. 2, by the use of reasonable diligence.
"That the petitioner was not brought to trial under said indictment No. 2, the same being the indictment that petitioner is now being prosecuted under, for the reason that the district attorney had elected to bring the petitioner to trial under indictment No. 1, because the said indictment No. 1 was in his opinion the strongest case against the petitioner, and that the said district attorney expected a conviction under indictment No. 1, and that the death penalty would be inflicted, and that for that reason it would not be necessary to try indictment No. 2, and prosecute the petitioner thereunder.
" That at the time of the trial and conviction and sentence of the petitioner under indictment No. 1 in the Second judicial district court of Washoe County, Nevada, indictment No. 2 had been found and was standing against the petitioner in the Sixth judicial district court in and for Humboldt County, Nevada.
"That by the trial of the other indictments returned by the grand jury of Humboldt County, Nevada, on the 9th day of March, 1911, this indictment No. 2, that the petitioner is now being prosecuted under, was displaced and set aside on the calendar of the clerk of the Sixth judicial district court, and the rest of said indictments tried in its place and stead, without any affidavits being filed, upon two days’ notice, or without any application being made by either party, and without any order of the district court having-been made therefor, as required by section 4281 of Cutting’s Compiled Laws of the State of Nevada, and that said indictment No. 2 was so displaced and set aside, and the rest of said indictments heard and tried in its place and stead, without any cause having been shown, .or without any cause existing, for the so doing whatever, and not upon the application of the petitioner.
"That the judgment and sentence imposed by the Second judicial district court of the State of Nevada on the 14th day of July, 1911, whereby the said petitioner*63 was sentenced to imprisonment for life- in the state penitentiary, is now in full force and effect, and that the same has not been appealed from, vacated, modified, or set aside, and that the petitioner has not been reprieved, pardoned, or paroled, or his sentence commuted, or the same suspended, and that said judgment and sentence is now in full force and effect.
■ "That a term of the court was held in Humboldt County, Nevada, beginning on the____day of May, 1911, at which time a jury was in attendance, and at which time civil and criminal cases were both tried by the jury.
"That on the____day of January, 1912, the case of the State of Nevada against J. Prank Tramner, under indictment No. 2, was called for setting, and the petitioner, at said time appearing in court in person and by counsel, objected to the setting of said case under indictment No. 2, or to any further proceedings therein, for the reasons, first, that the petitioner was at the time undergoing sentence in the state penitentiary as hereinbefore set out, and that the said sentence was in full force and effect, and that thereunder the warden of the -state penitentiary was entitled to the exclusive custody of this petitioner under said sentence, and that the Second judicial district court in and for Washoe County, Nevada, had no rightful jurisdiction over the person of the defendant, and was not entitled to custody over his person, and that the judgment and sentence hereinbefore set forth operated to suspend, during its existence, any other cause or proceeding against the petitioner, and especially the proceeding on indictment No. 2, and that the State of Nevada had, by its election to proceed to final judgment and sentence on indictment No. 1, waived its right to proceed to trial upon indictment No. 2, and the lawful place of confinement' and the lawful custody of petitioner was with the warden of the state penitentiary, by virtue of the conviction and sentence under indictment No. 1.
"And, second, your petitioner has not been given a speedy trial as herein mentioned, and prayed the Second judicial district court to make an order discharging peti*64 tioner from the second indictment and remanding him to the custody of the said warden, in execution of the sentence under indictment No. 1, which said objections were overruled, and the case set down for trial.
"That at the time that the indictments were returned against this petitioner it was the custom of the district court, in and for Humboldt County, Nevada, to hold two terms of court each year, one in April and the other in October. That at the time of the making of the order by the judge of the Sixth judicial district, Humboldt County, whereby the indictment No. 2 was continued, for further setting, this petitioner made no objections to the making of said order.
"It is further stipulated that if this court shall hold that the petitioner shall be tried under indictment No. 2, and if the jury in said trial should hold the petitioner guilty and inflict the death sentence, whether that sentence could be executed until the expiration of the sentence now existing under indictment No. 1.
" [Signed] Cleveland H. Baker, Attorney-General.
"Parker & Frame, Attorneys for Petitioner.”
Petitioner’s main reliance upon this point is based on section 7256, Revised Laws of Nevada, which reads as follows: "If the defendant has been convicted of two or more offenses before judgment on either, the judgment may be that the imprisonment upon any one may commence at the expiration of the imprisonment upon any other of the offenses.”
If the construction as contended for by petitioner were so, the results which would follow such a construction of the statute would be very dangerous to society, and it would be deprived of that protection that the law intends to throw around its citizens, and give an unbridled license to criminals to commit crime, protect them for a long period from prosecution, and allow them abundant opportunity to avoid the consequences of their criminal acts. The word " imprisonment” in the statute denies the contention of counsel for petitioner, for the reason that, if a death punishment were inflicted, it would present a different character of punishment than designated in the statute in question, because the statute contemplates, even if there was merit in counsel’s contention on this point, a sentence of imprisonment, and not a death penalty.
The Supreme Court of Washington, in the case of Clifford v. Dryden, 31 Wash. 547, 72 Pac. 97, in commenting upon the baneful results which would follow the construction contended for by counsel for petitioner, properly says: "It might very reasonably happen, considering the difficulty of preserving and perpetuating testimony, that
The attorney-general, in his able brief, instancing how justice could be retarded, were it not possible to try a convict pending his incarceration for an offense previously committed, illustrating, says: "For instance, A. commits a murder in Nye County, and successfully escapes to Washoe County, and burglarizes a store, is caught there, arrested, pleads guilty, and is sentenced to the penitentiary, and while there his identity is discovered as the man who committed the murder in Nye County. Under these circumstances, if petitioner’s contention of the law is correct, he could not be tried for six years, which, of course, considering the difficulty of keeping witnesses intact for the murder in Nye County, etc., would amount to his escaping entirely from prosecution for the offense. Another instance would be when A., convicted of crime, is sentenced to the state prison, and while en route with the sheriff kills a man in attempting to escape. How could the man be punished for murder, if this construction of our criminal procedure is adopted? He could not be brought within the section above referred to (Rev. Laws, 7256), and as he is not at the state prison he could not be brought within the terms of the section • which provides for trial and punishment of prisoners for crimes committed while in prison. Therefore, under this view of our criminal procedure, he would be free from prosecution until the expiration of his sentence, at which time it would be impossible to convict him. ”
Mr. Bishop, in his New Criminal Law (vol. 1, 8th ed., sec. 953), correctly, we believe, states the rule, and fortifies it with abundant authority, when he says: "If one, under an unexpired sentence to imprisonment, is convicted of a second offense, or if there are two or more convictions on which sentence remains to be pronounced, it may direct that each succeeding period of imprisonment shall commence on the termination of that next preceding.”
The legislature of our state, as in other states, provides a criminal procedure whereby the accused shall be brought to trial, and has endeavored, through the adoption of the common law, to provide against the possibility of a criminal avoiding punishment for any acts made criminal under our statutory laws or by reason of the common law. See sections 5474 and 6827, Revised Laws of Nevada. Among other sections it has provided that: "Every person, whether an inhabitant of this state, or any other state, or of a territory or district of the United
" There is no limitation of the time within which a prosecution for murder must be commenced. It may be commenced at any time after the death of the person killed. ” (Rev. Laws, 6921.)
" When it is necessary for any purpose to have a person who is in prison in any part of the state, brought before a court of criminal jurisdiction, an order for that purpose may be made by the court, and the order shall be executed by the sheriff of the county where it is made.” (Rev. Laws, 7459.)
These three sections appear conclusively to our mind to disclose the legislative intent that there will be. no exemption allowed to convicts, because of prior conviction, from preventing their being brought to the bar of justice for another offense while serving sentences for other crimes, if the prosecuting authorities desire to invoke the legal machinery of our state. By virtue of section 1908 "every person * * * shall be liable to punishment * * * for a public offense committed by him therein, ” and by virtue of section 6921 " there is no limitation of the time within which a prosecution for murder must be commenced, and by virtue of section 7459, " when it is necessary for any purpose to have a person who is in prison in any part of the state brought before a court of criminal jurisdiction, an order for that purpose may be made. * * * ”
The petitioner is regularly indicted for murder, and a court of competent jurisdiction has ordered his .presence for trial, and we can see nothing in the law, or as a matter of justice, which would preclude a convicted murderer, serving a life sentence, from being tried on another indictment for murder, if the law is properly complied with in bringing the accused to the bar of justice, such as appears to have been done in the present case. When the legislature stated in section 7459,
The Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas in Gaines v. State, 53 S. W. 624, speaking on this point, said: "Appellant excepted to the action of the court in having him brought from the penitentiary at Rusk (he being confined there on another case) to stand his trial in this case, it being contended that it was not competent for the state to do this. There is nothing in this contention. While we know of no procedure authorized by legislation to bring a defendant from the penitentiary to some court for trial in another case, yet there is no law to the contrary, and such has been the usual practice; and we fail to see how a defendant can be heard to complain that the penitentiary authorities surrendered him to the local authorities for trial on some indictment pending against him. The legislature has authorized the penitentiary board to make certain rules in regard to the conduct of the convicts confined and under their charge, and we understand the prison authorities have provided a rule recognizing the authority of district judges to issue writs for prisoners confined in the penitentiary to be brought before the court for trial in any case that may be pending against them. This would seem to be sufficient authority to bring the prisoner before the court. At any rate, in the absence of some express provision prohibiting this, we fail to see how the prisoner can complain. The constitution guarantees him a speedy trial, and at his request he would be entitled to be tried in cases pending against him, although
It will be observed that there was no statutory provision for the removal of a prisoner in Texas to the local authorities pending his trial, while, on the contrary, we have an express statutory provision; yet the court in Gaines v. State, supra, rightly held that, where there was no legislative authority opposed to it, it was in consonance with justice and the fundamental principles of pur criminal jurisprudence to bring before the bar of justice those accused of crime, to the end that they may be cleared if innocent, and convicted if guilty.
We cannot find any statutory authority in this state prohibiting the trial of a prisoner imprisoned for a crime committed before imprisonment, nor has any been drawn to our attention; but to the contrary, as previously stated, section 7459 of the Eevised Laws expressly provides for the bringing of an incarcerated convict to court for trial.
The Supreme Court of Utah, in People v. Flynn, 7 Utah, 378, 26 Pac. 1114, in passing upon the point of whether a convict, while imprisoned for a crime committed before imprisonment, could be tried pending his incarceration, said: “The next question presented by counsel for the defendant is that the defendant had been attainted of felony, and was serving a two-year sentence in the penitentiary, previously imposed by the court, and that such period had not yet expired when this indictment was found and trial had, and that the court had no jurisdiction over the subject-matter qr the person of the defendant. Section 4749, Comp. Laws, 1888,
The Supreme Court of Washington, in Clifford v. Dryden, supra, sustaining the construction we give our statutes bearing on this issue, that the law which provides for a trial and punishment of those who violate the laws applies equally to those serving sentence as well as others, prop-erly observed: "It is the contention of the appellant that the superior court of Whitman County did not have authority to make the order requiring the sheriff to proceed to the penitentiary and apprehend him while in the
The Supreme Court of Maryland, holding adversely to the position of petitioner on the issue under consideration, in Rigor v. State, 101 Md. 465 (61 Atl. 631, 4 Ann. Cas. 719), says: “We now come to the grounds of error assigned, or intended to be assigned, in the petition upon which the record was transmitted to this court. It is contended that a writ of habeas corpus cannot be used to bring a convict from the penitentiary into the criminal
The Supreme Court of California, in consonance with the' construction we place upon our statute, which is similar in California to the one in this state, on the question of whether or not one serving sentence under former conviction can be tried while incarcerated, in the case of People v. Hong Ah Duck, 61 Cal. 387, sustains the construction we are making, and recognizes the right to try a prisoner confined in the state prison for a crime committed, and even went so far as to approve of the admission of the evidence of the defendant, proving him to be an inmate of the state prison serving life imprisonment, so as to show the jury, unless they fixed the verdict of the second case at death, it would be in effect no punishment at all.
Again, the Supreme Court of California, in the case of People v. Majors, supra, which was a case very similar to the present one, in that a double murder had been committed, and the prisoner confined in the penitentiary for life, upon the issue as to whether or not he could be tried on another indictment of murder while so serving his life sentence, the defendant interposed an objection to the jurisdiction of the court to proceed with the second trial because of his present incarceration. The court answered this objection by citing the case of People v. Hong Ah Duck, supra, wherein the court sustained the right to try the defendant on another'charge while serving a term on a former conviction.
We have examined with care the very able and painstaking brief of .counsel for petitioner, and the authorities cited in support of his many ingenious positions taken in support of his theories; but we believe the better reasoning is with those cases we have cited on the construction we have placed on the statute of this state bearing on this issue, and that the state has the unquestioned right to proceed to try petitioner on indictment No. 2, and in the event of conviction, if the maximum sentence of the
This court had occasion to consider what is a speedy trial under the constitutional guaranty and the provisions of section 582 of the old criminal practice act (Comp. Laws, 4547, as modified, Rev. Laws, 7396) in the case of Ex Parte Stanley, 4 Nev. 113. The rule therein stated was followed in State v. McClear, 11 Nev. 56, and in Ex Parte Larkin, 11 Nev. 94. The rule enunciated in the Stanley case has also been cited with approval by other courts. (State v. Keefe, supra; State v. Wear, 145 Mo. 218, 46 S. W. 1099; State v. Goddard, 162 Mo. 223, 62 S. W. 697; Ex Parte State, 76 Ala. 486; U. S. v. Fox, 3 Mont. 517.)
For- the foregoing reasons, the writ is denied, and the proceeding in this behalf dismissed.