56 S.E.2d 35 | N.C. | 1949
The petitioner brought a habeas corpus proceeding for the purpose of regaining the custody of her illegitimate child whom she alleges she had entrusted to the care of an aunt, Mrs. W. O. Marsh. Shortly after the birth of the child she came to live in the home of her aunt and lived there with the child until her marriage to a person not the father of her child. She then left to live elsewhere, leaving the child in the custody of the aunt, as petitioner says, to remain while she was good to him, but as respondent says, as an unqualified surrender of custody and control, declaring that she would make no further claim. There was no adoption.
The matter came in due course to be heard by Judge Sharp, who heard evidence, made a finding of facts in which she found that the mother had abandoned the child by surrendering him to the unqualified custody of the aunt and asserting that she would make no further claim. She further found that the respondent is a woman of good character and is a fit person to have the custody of the child and that her home is a proper and fit place to rear it; that the mother of the child at the present time is a woman of good character and her home is a proper and fit place for the child to visit.
The order provides that the custody and the control of the child be awarded to the respondent and that the petitioner be allowed to visit the child at stated periods which shall not conflict with its school attendance; and that petitioner shall be allowed to have the child visit her on alternate week-ends.
The petitioner excepted to the finding of fact that she had abandoned the child and that it was to the best interest of the child that he remain in custody of the respondent; and to other findings on which the award of custody was based; excepted to the order, and appealed.
The petitioner, having suffered an adverse decision below, now makes an ore tenus objection to the jurisdiction of the trial court, and moves to dismiss the proceeding, intending, we understand, to bring her grievance to the Juvenile Court (G.S.
Prior to the creation of the Juvenile Court habeas corpus was the recognized procedure for determining the custody of a child in the factual situation presented in this case, and was in common use. Ashby v. Page, *93
In the creation of the Juvenile Court the Legislature gave it exclusive jurisdiction of the custody of children in certain categories set out in G.S.
For this reason (or some other — we need not inquire), there was enacted Chapter 1010, Session Laws of 1949, (to which counsel seem not to have been advertent), making certain amendments to another statute, (G.S.
"Provided, custody of children of parents who have been divorced outside of North Carolina, and controversies respecting the custody of children not provided for by this Section or Section
17-39 of the General Statutes of North Carolina, may be determined in a special proceeding instituted by either of said parents, or by the surviving parent if the other be dead, in the Superior Court of the county where the petitioner, or the respondent or child at the time of filing said petition, is a resident."
Examination of G.S.
The question arises whether, the remedy by habeas corpus having been completely eclipsed by the Juvenile Court jurisdiction, the act amending G.S.
It certainly destroys the exclusiveness of the Juvenile Court in the premises, but it apparently does more. Considering the history of the legislation, and its intendments, we think the better view is that it provides a new and exclusive procedure for determining the custody of the child covering cases not coming within the exceptive provisions of the amendment, and hence inclusive of the case under review.
We now come to consider the jurisdiction of the hearing court from another angle.
Judge Sharp is a Special Judge. The record shows that she heard the matter at and during a regular term of Randolph Superior Court under a proper commission. Statutes delineating the jurisdiction of Special Judges have broadened that jurisdiction in close, if not final, approximation to that of "regular or elective judges" while holding the court to which they are assigned. Shephard v. Leonard,
The petition in habeas corpus adequately set up the grievance complained of with all its essentials, and the answer of the respondent was correlative. By filing such answer she made a general appearance and did not at any time challenge the jurisdiction. In form and substance the petition is hardly distinguishable, except in name only, from the special proceeding contemplated in the statute. The Court will, therefore, in its discretion, treat the petition as a petition in a special proceeding under the statute and consider the appeal on its merits.
The Appellate Court is not bound by the findings of fact that the petitioner abandoned her child by entrusting her custody to her aunt, even though it may have been with an accompanying statement that she waived right to further claim. That is not the legal significance of abandonment in the statutes which have dealt with it as a basis of judicial jurisdiction, and we do not think it is in accord with its moral intendment where disposition of a child is concerned.
There was no adoption here, and respondent had no legal right to the possession of the child. In re Shelton,
"That the respondent Mrs. W. O. Marsh is a woman of good character and is a fit person to have the custody of said child, and that her home is a proper and fit place in which to rear said child; that the mother of the child at the present time is a woman of good character and her home is a proper and fit place for the child to visit."
On this finding establishing the fact that the woman is now of good character and her home a fit place for the child to visit or spend alternate week-ends, the award of custody of the child to the aunt cannot be sustained.
Where the fitness of the petitioner is unchallenged the natural right of the parent to the custody of the child cannot be denied because a more suitable custodian or a more advantageous environment is available, or because at sacrifice of parental right the child may have a better chance in life, and the "interest of the State" be protected. In a similar situation in In re Shelton, supra, the Court says as controlling the decision:
"As there is no finding of fact that the petitioner is not a suitable person to have the custody and control of her child, she has not forfeited her natural and legal right to such custody and control. It is well settled as the law of this State that the mother of an illegitimate child, if a suitable person, is entitled to the care and custody of the child, even though there be others who are more suitable. Ashby v. Page,
106 N.C. 328 ,11 S.E. 283 . As it appears from the findings of fact made by the court that the petitioner has not been deprived of her legal right to the custody of her child by a valid order of adoption by the respondents and has not forfeited such right by a wilful abandonment of the child, and is a suitable person to have its care and custody, there is error in the judgment awarding the custody of the child to the respondents."
We observe here that the question of unsuitability is one which must be advanced and shown by the respondent. The finding here has negatived such condition.
There is nothing that tears at the heart more pathetically than separation from a child over whom one has watched, has cared for and loved during the years until it has become a part of the very life; but the natural right of a parent, whose unfitness has not been shown, to the custody of a child given to it by a higher power is fundamental, intimately concerned with the integrity of the oldest and most sacred human institution, the home, the family; and we dare not say upon the evidence *96 and findings before us that social considerations or the superior suitability of another custodian should be of such paramount consideration as to defeat that right.
The judgment of the court below is
Reversed.