213 A.D. 487 | N.Y. App. Div. | 1925
The principal controversy herein exists between the testator’s widow, May Winne Ham, and his brother and heir-at-law, Fred C. Ham, and relates solely to the proceeds of the real estate. The former contends that under the residuary clause of the will there was a conversion of the realty into personalty and that she is, therefore, entitled to one-half of the proceeds of the realty. The latter contends that the personal estate being more than sufficient to pay all expenses of administration and all valid bequests there was no necessity for the conversion of the real property and that the same descended to him upon the death of the testator and that the proceeds thereof unnecessarily sold belong to him. The surrogate has sustained the former contention. (123 Misc. 889.)
There is in the residuary clause a positive direction to the executor to convert the real estate into cash and there is no doubt about the general rule as contended in behalf of Mrs. Ham and as held by the surrogate that such positive direction indicates an intent on the part of the testator that such conversion shall be made and that the law will consider the conversion as actually made at the death of the testator and treat the real estate as personalty for all purposes intended by the will. But it seems to be equally clear that this rule is qualified when the purpose of the conversion fails because of illegality and that such conversion will only be recognized to such extent as may be necessary to carry out the lawful objects of the will.
In Chamberlain v. Taylor (105 N. Y. 185) we read in the opinion as follows: “ The case shows that the real estate of the testator embraced but a small portion of his property, and that the personal estate was much more than sufficient to satisfy all of the valid legacies. * * * It is, however, urged that the authority given the executors to sell and convey the real estate for the purposes of the will worked an equitable conversion, and so changed its character as to take it out of the operation of the rules provided by statute, for the descent of real estate. As we have seen, under the construction given to this will, there was no necessity in satisfying its purposes, that there should be a conversion, and equity will never presume a conversion unless it is demanded to accomplish the lawful purposes expressed in the will by the testator.” And in speaking of the case of Chamberlain v. Chamberlain (43 N. Y. 424), where the same will was under consideration, the court continued: “ It was held that in so far as the testator attempted by the residuary clause to give to the institutions therein named, more than one-half of his residuary estate, his effort was ineffectual, and that such portion of his estate as was no,t well disposed of by will, descended to the testator’s heirs-at-law and next of kin.”
In Jones v. Kelly (170 N. Y. 401) the court after stating the general rule as claimed by Mrs. Ham continued as follows: “ But this claim assumes, necessarily, that the will, by valid provisions, commanded that all of the estate be converted into personalty, the land of which the testator died intestate as well as the other. That he intended to have it all turned into cash there can be no doubt, but so too did he intend to give it all when so converted to the two charitable institutions, and the conversion was directed for that purpose; but his plan offended in part against the law of the State, and as to such part the legal result is the same as if he had not made any attempt to dispose of that part of his estate, for as to that he died intestate. His primary purpose was to divide the bulk of his estate between two charitable corporations,
In behalf of Mrs. Ham numerous cases are cited none of which involves the question of a failure of a testamentary disposition of property except the case of Kearney v. Missionary Society (10 Abb. N. C. 274). That was a Special Term case but when the opinion is analyzed it is an authority in favor of the heir. The estate consisted principally of realty. There was a direction to convert the same and hold the proceeds in trust for the benefit of certain beneficiaries and after their death the same was to go to certain religious societies in excess of the amount permitted by the statute. It was held that conversion was necessary in order to carry out the valid trust provisions of the will and that after such lawful purposes the realty having been converted into personalty did not after the termination of the trust estate resume the character of realty. The court said: “ The primary purposes of the conversion were completely valid, and the fact that the ultimate beneficiaries after the death of the husband of the testatrix — the religious societies ■— cannot take all the ' proceeds,’ which was intended to be given to them, does not restore, to the part which they cannot take, the quality of realty. That part still remains personalty, and is to be distributed as such. The rule is different where there is a failure of the direct object or purpose of the conversion (Betts v. Betts, 4 Abb. N. C. 317, 419, and cases cited).” (Italics ours.)
It is further suggested that the language in the residuary clause “ after paying said legacies that do not lapse or become null and void and said transfer tax, commissions and expenses, to divide,” etc., indicates a purpose on the part of the testator to commingle the proceeds of his realty and personalty and to thus constitute a common fund out of which all" legacies and other disbursements shall be indiscriminately paid. It is argued that the power of sale was not alone for the residuary legatees but in pursuance of a
The appeal of Mrs. Ham relates to the refusal of the surrogate to charge taxes, commissions and expenses to the shares of the residuary legatees, the American Bible Society and the American Tract Society. We think the surrogate did not err in that respect.
The decree should be modified so as to provide that the proceeds of the real estate be paid to the heir-at-law, and as so modified affirmed, with costs to all parties filing briefs herein payable out of the personalty.
All concur.
Decree modified so as to provide that the proceeds of the real estate be paid to the heir-at-law, and as so modified unanimously affirmed, with costs to all parties filing briefs herein payable out of the personalty.