91 N.J. Eq. 294 | N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. | 1919
This appeal relates alone to the determination of what persons are entitled to certain promissory notes owned by testatrix at her decease.
The will of testatrix provided as follows:
“I, Mary A. Rogers, of sound mind, give all my wedding presents to Ida. All the money I possess to Ida. My business and real estate to be equally divided between my children, Ida, John, Lena and Mary. Ida E. Heaton to be executrix.”
The notes are claimed by Ida under the money bequest. The ocher children claim that the notes passed under the bequest of the business of testatrix.
The circumstances disclosed by the evidence from which it is urged that the word “business” referred to the notes are the fol
But is it not reasonably obvious that a conclusion thus reached, which attributes to the word “business” an artificial meaning which in no way belongs to' the word in either its technical, ordinary, colloquial, or even occasional, use, is purely and fatally conjectural, in that it ascertains, at most, that which testatrix, perchance, may have intended, with no adequate assurance that such an intent in fact existed ? Indulging this broad field of conjecture one may well be impressed that in the use of the word “business” testatrix may have in fact referred to1 the business formerly owned by her husband and not to the notes, since she received all of her husband’s property by his will and her son had not fully discharged all of his obligations arising from his acquisition of that business; it would seem quite as natural and probable that testatrix may have conceived that business to have belonged to her under her husband’s will, by reason of the unfulfilled obligations of her son arising from what she may well have regarded as a conditional transfer to him, as to have conceived notes given to her by her son for purely personal loans of money to him as her “business.” Either view, to my mind, is essentially a guess, touching the intention or meaning of testatrix in the use of the well-known word here in question, unsupported bjr satisfactory or adequate evidence of that intent.
The word “money,” standing alone and uncontrolled by the context of a will, refers to the circulating medium and does not embrace promissory notes. This was specifically determined in this state in Beatty’s Executor v. Lalor, 15 N. J. Eq. 108, and appeal’s to be uniformly recognized by all authorities which have been brought to my attention. See Wms. Exrs. *1024; 2 Benj. Wills *769; 1 Schoul. Wills (5th ed.) § 505; 18 Rul. Cas. L. 1270. But where the context of a will clearly discloses that it was the intent of a testator to attribute to the word “money” a specific meaning which is more comprehensive, that meaning
In the will here under consideration the context in no- way enlarges the natural and ordinary significance of the word “money;” if any light can be said to be afforded by the context it appears to be to the contrary effect, since testatrix distinguishes wedding presents, money, business and real estate.
The only element in the case that in the slightest degree suggests the propriety of giving to- the word “money” an enlarged significance is the circumstance that unless the promissory notes were intended by testatrix to pass either as “money” or “business” partial intestacy will result. Since it is ordinarily the purpose of a testator -to dispose of his entire estate there is a presumption of such an intent on his part, in the absence of any indication to the contrary. But a testator may either through design or oversight remain partially intestate, and such cases are not infrequent, and a reasonably extended research has not brought to my attention any authority in which a word or clause of a will which is of plain or well-recognized meaning will be given a different meaning, in the absence of contextual aid, by mere force of a presumption against partial intestacy. See Woodruff v. White, 78 N. J. Eq. 410, 415; Stout v. Cook, 79 N. J. Eq. 573, 576; Leigh v. Savidge, 14 N. J. Eq. 124, 134.
I am impelled to conclude that testatrix died intestate as to the promissory notes here in question, and that the decree of distribution must be modified to that extent.