81 Cal. 240 | Cal. | 1889
Appeal from decree of distribution under the following provisions of the will:—
*241 “Thirdly.—I give and bequeath to my wife, Elizabeth Gilmore, one half of all my property, both real and personal, of which I shall be possessed at the time of my death, the same to be equitably divided by my executors, giving to her the privilege of taking her half of said real and personal property, if the same can be satisfactorily divided; if not, then the said executors shall sell the same, or such portion as cannot be so divided, and give to my said wife one half the net proceeds of the same.
“ Fourthly.—I give and bequeath the remaining half of all my property, both real and personal, of which I may die possessed, to the following persons, to be divided by my executors equitably between them, and each of them, share and share alike.”
The persons named, who are to take under this fourth paragraph, are his daughter by a former marriage and her children, and the children of a deceased daughter by the former marriage.
All the property affected by the will was community property of the testator and his wife Elizabeth; and the court below construed the will as giving to the widow, in addition to one half of the community property to which she was entitled by law, an undivided one half of the residue that was subject to the testamentary disposition of the husband. Was this in accordance with the expressed intention of the testator, is the principal question to be decided.
It will be observed that the will does not specifically describe any property, but simply gives to the wife “one half of all my property, both real and personal, of which I shall be possessed at the time of my death.”
Conceding that the will is susceptible of two possible constructions,—one, that the testator intended to devise all property of which he should be possessed at the last moment of life, including the whole of the community property over which he had the power of disposition during life; and the other, that he intended to devise
1. The testator must be presumed to have known the law applicable to the disposition of property by will, and therefore to have known that he had no power to dispose, by will, of his wife’s interest in the community property, but only of his own interest therein. (Civ. Code, secs. 172, 1331, 1402; Morrison v. Bowman, 29 Cal. 347; Estate of Frey, 52 Cal. 660.)
2. He must also be presumed not to have intended to devise any property over which he had no power of testamentary disposition, and therefore the will should be read as applying only to his property within such power, (King v. Lagrange, 50 Cal. 332; Estate of Silvey, 42 Cal. 212.) In the latter ease it was said: “ The devise must be read as applying only to that moiety which was within his testamentary power. A purpose to attempt the disposition, by will, of property which by statute would pass to the wife, as survivor of the matrimonial community upon his death, is not to be readily inferred, especially where, as here, the words employed by the testator may have their fair and natural import by applying them only to that moiety of which he had, by law, the testamentary disposition.”
The devise in this case is, “ of all my property of which I may die possessed,” and not of any specific property. The devise to the wife is not inconsistent with the other devises to the daughter and grandchildren. All the “ words employed by the testator may have their fair and natural import by applying them only to that moiety of which he had, by law, the testamentary disposition”; and there is nothing in the circumstances under which the will was made substantially tending to rebut the presumptions above stated. It is only where
Under the circumstances of this case, the court did not err in excluding evidence of what the testator said, just before his death, to his executor, as to what was intended by his will, and who wrote it. (Civ. Code, sec. 1318.) The declarations sought to be proved were made five years after the date of the will, and therefore consituted no part of the res gestee. (Nelson v. McClanahan, 55 Cal. 308; Estate of Garraud, 35 Cal. 336.)
The order setting apart the homestead to the widow relieved it from administration, and excluded it from distribution (Estate of Hardwick, 59 Cal. 292); but it did not affect the title to the homestead. (Harrold v. Keen, 58 Cal. 443; Watson v. His Creditors, 58 Cal. 556; Estate of Burton, 63 Cal. 36.) Under the provisions of the codes, it is only a homestead selected from the community property during the existence of the community to which the law of title by survivorship applies. (Civ. Code, see. 1265; Code Civ. Proc., sec. 1474.) And therefore, upon the death of the husband, in this case, the community property vested-according to section 1402 of the Civil Code, regulating the succession to such community property, subject, however, to its temporary use ás a homestead by the family of the widow, under, an
I think the decree should be affirmed.
Belcher, C. C., and Foote, 0., concurred.
For the reasons given in the foregoing opinion, the decree is affirmed.
Hearing in Bank denied.