93 Pa. Commw. 258 | Pa. Commw. Ct. | 1985
Opinion by
Judith M. Lynch, Bichard J. Adams and James J. Goodrich (appellants), who are respectively the County Executive, Director of Personnel and Director of Finance of Erie County,
Antolik has been employed since late 1974 as. a Juvenile Probation Officer in Erie County. In 1979, the '.County Council of Erie County adopted ,a Persónnel Co.de purportedly applicable to all employee hiring, firing and supervision in Erie County. This Code was amended in the spring of 1982, to state that “one member' of an immediate family may not supervise ány other member of the same family.” “Immediate family” is broadly defined, and includes brothers. In early 1983, the County Council adopted an Administrative Code which also regulates hiring, firing' and supervision of' Erie County personnel. Appellee Judges did not participate in the formulation or adoption of either Code.
■' The nepotism issue surfaced when Andrew Antolik (A. Antolik), Aritolik’s brother, was hired as a Juvenile' Probation Officer on June 18, 1984. His personnel'' change and ' payroll authorization cárd was n'oted-as follows:' “per nepotism policy, cannot be supervised'by ' (brother) Thoriias Antolik [sic] — his supervisor will be Edward Darnell.” Although Mr. Darnelí was A. Antolik’s immediate supervisor, Darnell in' turn reports to the Chief Juvenile Probation Officer. The latter position was, on October 3, 1984, assigned to Thomas Antolik by Judge Feed Anthony (J. Anthony) - 'thus presenting'a direct conflict with thé nepotism rule of the Courity Personnel Code.
■" ’ Imrix'ediately thereafter, appellant Richard J. Adams, in his capacity as Director of Personnel of Erie County, notified appellee P.J. Dwyee by letter that he would, not reclassify Antolik because the appointment .violated the riepotisni rule and certain provisions- of the. Administrative-Code. Appellees P.J. Dwyee and J;-Anthony issued an order appointing
Since October 29, -1984, Antolik has been designated “Acting Director of Juvenile Probation” at a full step-lower than the' salary rate requested by appellees:.. On appeal, only the viability of the nepotism rule is argued by appellants. The inapplicability of the provisions of the Administrative Code to Antolik’s appointment-has been conceded and is not-'before us on appeal.
Because the nepotism rule afféets the'power'of'thé judiciary to hire,' fire and supervise court-appointed personnel,' it must be held' constitutionally inapplicable to such personnel as aré court-appointéd.' Thé opinion by the trial court will be affirmed and Antolik reinstated in his proper position and at his'proper salary. " ‘ • , •
' Appellants argue that, cases decided by this Court and' bur Supreme Court in recent years have carved out certain, doctrines of limitation relating' to the scope of inherent power possessed by the judiciary to do all such thing's as' are reasonably necessary for the administration of justice. See Sweet v. Pennsylvania Labor Relations Board, 457 Pa. 456, 322 A.2d 362 (1974) (“‘Sweet I”). Sweet I and its, progeny require a showing of actual impairment of the' operations. of the judiciary before there can be- an .intrusion of the judiciary into the actual budgetary process of a-legislature or other similar-body. See Lehigh County v. Pennsylvania Labor Relations Board, 507 Ph. 270, 278, 489 A.2d 1325, 1329 (1985); Beckert v.
Furthermore, collective bargaining on behalf of the judiciary by county or executive personnel pursuant to the Public Employee Relations Act (“PERA”)
. Appellants argue that the limiting tests of
No such limiting test is warranted or applicable where the hiring, firing and supervision of court-appointed personnel is concerned, and any law which encroaches upon or affects this power must be struck down unless there exists independent constitutional
The collective bargaining and judicial funding cases cited by appellants prove the very point they seek to refute, namely that no limiting test is applicable in the court personnel area where hiring, firing and supervision are directly at issue. Ellenbogen specifically restricted the scope of collective bargaining to exclude matters pertaining to the hiring, firing and supervision of court employees. Id. at 437, 388 A.2d at 734. In A.F.S.C.M.E v. P.L.R.B., this Court in upholding the refusal of Allegheny County to bargain over such matters held that the collective bargaining process cannot encroach upon the judicial authority to select, discharge and supervise court personnel. Id. at 595, 477 A.2d at 931-32. See Allegheny County Association, 67 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. at 280-81, 446 A.2d at 1372; Local 810, American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees v. Commonwealth ex rel. Bradley, 84 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 368, 370, 479 A.2d 64, 66 (1984).
. The Eshelmcm case cites the test applicable to laws affecting hiring, firing and supervisory power over court employees:
The courts of this Commonwealth under- our Constitution have certain inherent rights and powers to do all such things as are reasonably necessary for the administration of justice. . . . Because the power to select judicial assistants is an inherent corollary of the judicial power itself* the power to supervise or discharge such*265 personnel flows essentially from- the same source. . . . That power may not ... be policed, encroached upon or diminished by another branch of government.
62 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. at 413-15, 436 A.2d at 712 (citations omitted). As in Eshelman, where a collective bargaining effort attempted to encompass the hiring, firing and supervision of court personnel, the anti-nepotism provision of the Erie County Personnel Code would “operate to take from the judges decisions which go to the essence of the judges’ constitutional power over the hiring, supervision and discharge of court-appointed employees.” Id. at 315, 436 A.2d at 713.
Appellants cannot rely on Reznor v. Hogue, 63 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 600, 438 A.2d 1013 (1982), because Bemor involved specific facts unique to that case which this Court determined as a matter of law did not encroach on the hiring, firing and supervision powers of the judiciary. Here, no such question is presented. An encroachment is self-evident in that the Personnel Code has as its main subject the regulation of hiring, firing and supervision, and appellants do not seriously dispute that the nepotism rule regulates the hiring, firing and supervision of court employees. Their argument is essentially that the Code encroaches upon this power, and cases like Ben-no r permit the Code to do so. We disagree. That is not the correct reading of Bennor.
Nor can appellants rely on the character of their nepotism rule as somehow furthering the public interest in ethical conduct. Laws purporting to subject the judiciary to regulation by the Legislature or the Executive, not founded upon independent constitutional authorization, have been regularly struck down by our Supreme Court as violative of the separation of
Because the nepotism rule of Erie County is one encroaching upon the right of the judiciary to hire, fire, and supervise court employees, the nepotism rule of the Erie County Personnel Code must be struck insofar as Thomas P. Antolik and others similarly situated are concerned.
Order
And Now, this 29th day of November, 1985, the order of the Court of Common Pleas of Erie County, Court Order No. 109 of 1984, filed October 4, 1984, is hereby affirmed.
Erie County, also an appellant party, is governed under the provisions of the Home Rule Charter and Optional Plans Law, .Act of April 13, 1972, P.L. 186, as amended, 53 P.S. §§1-101-1-1309.
Section- 10(G) of the Erie County Personnel Code..- " •'
Act of July 23, 1970, P.L. 563, as amended, 43 P.S. §§1101.101-1101.2301:
The United States Supreme Court has held that there is nothing unconstitutional, or per se improper about nepotistic hiring practices. See Kotch v. Board of River Port Pilot Commissioners, 330 U.S. 552 (1947).
Act of August 9, 1955, P.L. 323, as amended, 16 P.S. §§101-2902.
See note 1.