31 Minn. 110 | Minn. | 1883
Lead Opinion
On examination before a justice of the peace upon a charge of larceny from the person, the petitioner was ordered to recognize in the sum of $3,000, for his appearance at the next general term of the district court of Goodhue county, and, upon failure so to do, was committed to jail. The testimony of the witnesses upon the examination was reduced to writing, and returned to and filed in the district court, pursuant to Gen. St. 1878, c. 106, §§ 15, 25. After-wards, upon a habeas corpus, he was brought before one of the district
The petitioner thereupon procured from one of the judges of this court a writ of habeas corpus and also a writ of certiorari, the latter directed to the district court. Upon a hearing before this court both writs were sustained, against a motion to quash. The certiorari was sustained, not as an appellate proceeding to review the action of the district court. For that purpose it would be inadmissible, such review being properly, and therefore exclusively, attainable by appeal. State v. Buckham, 29 Minn. 462. But it was sustained as a proper means for bringing before this court the testimony received by the justice, and by him returned to the district court, and there filed in pursuance of the statute. In other words, the writ of certiorari was properly issued as ancillary to the writ of habeas corptis issued from this court in the exercise, not of an appellate, but of an original and constitutional jurisdiction. Hurd on Habeas Corpus, 353-355, and notes. See, also, with reference to the propriety of issuing the writ of certiorari as ancillary to the writ of habeas corpus, Ex parte Burford, 3 Cranch, 448; Ex parte Bollman, 4 Cranch, 75; Ex parte Yerger, 8 Wall. 85; In re Stupp, 12 Blatchf. 501.
The state moved to quash the writ of habeas corpus issued out of this court, upon several grounds. It will not be necessary to take these all up in detail. Many of them may be properly disposed of upon general and common considerations.
That this court has jurisdiction of the writ of habeas corpus is conclusively settled by section 2, article 6, of the constitution of this state, and Gen. St. 1878, c. 80, § 23.
The fact (appearing in his petition) that the petitioner had once been brought before the district court upon habeas corpus, and upon a hearing remanded, as before stated, is not a bar to the present proceeding.
In some courts there appears to be a disposition to make the right, to a second writ a question of expediency for the court to determine. This occurs to us to be a dangerous notion. The “writ of liberty” is a writ of right. When we consider its origin, its history, and its purposes, the transcendent necessity of its issuance, dependent upon the right of the petitioner and not upon the discretion of anybody, is. incontestable.
It may be urged that to allow the issue of successive writs will be-intolerable and oppressive to the courts and to the public law-officers. To this there are several answers: First. Business of this kind is.
This brings us to the only remaining question presented in this case which we deem it necessary to consider: Where, upon an examination before a justice of the peace, a person ordered to recognize for his appearance at the district court is committed to jail for want of bail, how far is it competent for the court or officer, before which or whom such person is brought upon a habeas corpus, to examine the evidence-returned by the justice to the district court ? This is another matter upon which there is, perhaps, a diversity of opinion in courts and text-books. But the rule which commends itself to our judgment as. sensible and just is that the evidence may be looked into for the purpose (1) of determining whether it fairly and reasonably tends to show the commission of the offence charged; and (2) whether it fairly and reasonably tends to make out probable cause for charging the prisoner with its commission.
It appears to us that this rule will not only work well in practice,, promote'justice, and accomplish the legitimate purposes of the writ off habeas corpus, but that it is also the rule contemplated by our statute;, for — First, it is observable that our statute does not forbid an inquiry-into the grounds of a commitment upon an examination, as it does, into the grounds of a final judgment, decree, commitment for contempt, etc. See Gen. St. 1878, c. 80, §§ 22, 25, 36, 37, 38. Second. Section 46 of chapter 80 expressly recognizes the right of discharge: (upon habeas corpus) from such commitment for “defect of proof,” and¡ section 39 appears to look in the same direction.
We think the examination of the evidence should not go further than we have indicated. The judgment of the committing magistrate should not be rejudged by an inquiry into the weight of the evidence further than is necessary to determine the two propositions which the rule suggests. People v. Stanley, 18 How. Pr. 179; In re Stupp, 12
The motion to quash, in this case, having been denied, the evidence returned by the justice to the district court, and brought before us upon certiorari, was examined by us, and, being satisfied that it fairly and reasonably tended to show the commission of the offence, and to make out probable cause for charging the petitioner with its commission, we refuse to discharge him. We are also satisfied that there was no ground for reducing the bail.
Dissenting Opinion
dissenting. I think the writs should be quashed: the habeas corpus, because the relator was not entitled to it; and the certiorari, because, being only ancillary to and in aid of the habeas corpus, it must fall with it. Notwithstanding some dicta in England, and some decisions in America following them, I think, when a party has been heard on habeas corpus, the decision is, until reversed, res adjadicata upon his right to a discharge on the facts then existing. There may be a reason for the contrary rule when no review can be had; but there is none in this state, where the party may always have the decision of the'court of last resort by appeal, where the writ is not heard in the first instance in this court, or by certiorari if no appeal is given. If the decision be not conclusive, then the party may, as often as it is against him, even though it be the solemn decision of this court, apply again and again, either to the same court or officer rendering it, or to any other court or officer having authority to issue the writ; and, upon each application, notwithstanding repeated decisions even by the same court or officer, the writ must issue.
In pay. opinion the statute does not contemplate such a condition of things.