228 F. 984 | S.D.N.Y. | 1916
The San Antonio Land & Irrigation Company, Limited, a Canadian Corporation, was adjudicated a bankrupt in this district on the ground that it did not have its principal place of business, reside, or have its domicile within the United States, but had property within the borough of Manhattan in the Southern district of New York. Prior to the filing of the petition in bankruptcy, a creditors’ bill was filed in the courts of the state of Texas by certain mortgage bondholders, alleging the insolvency of the company, praying for a receiver, and impounding the assets of the corporation within that jurisdiction. The receiver appointed by that court and the creditors appearing in that litigation have petitioned this court to vacate the order of adjudication because the bankrupt did not have its principal place of business, residence, or domicile within this district, but had its principal place of business within the state of Texas. The court referred to John J. Townsend, Esq., as special master, the questions (1) whether the bankrupt had its principal place of business within this district; and (2) whether, if the bankrupt had no principal place of business within the United- States if had property within this district. He reported that the bankrupt (1) had its principal place of business in Texas, and not in Canada or New York; and (2) it had certain property within this district. Upon the review of the master’s report, counsel for the trustee makes two pre
It is not necessary to regard the subsidiary corporations .as nonexistent, or to disregard them in any way which would affect their separate creditors; but it is reasonable, I think, to treat them as agencies of the San Antonio Land & Irrigation Company, Limited. What impresses me most,is the further circumstance that the three trustees, who held the lands and sold them for the San Antonio I,and & Irrigation Company, Limited, were in reality and even in the most technical aspect mere passive trustees. They had no duties to perform, except to hold the title to the immense tract of land which was to be irrigated by the Medina Valley Irrigation Company, whose stock the San Antonio Company owned. Such a relation was no trust. There were no acts to be performed by the trustees, and no obligations, except to account for the proceeds of sales. Under the laws of most of our states, such a trust would execute itself, and the legal title would ipso facto vest in the beneficiary. No dearer case of a mere alter ego of the bankrupt, devised in the hope of avoiding the Texas law, can be imagined. The San Antonio Land & Irrigation Company, Limited, was authorized by its charier :
“To acquire by purchase or otherwise and hold lands,-timber limits or licenses, water lots, water falls, water privileges or concessions and powers and rights and interests therein, and to build upon, develop, irrigate, cultivate, farm, settle, and otherwise improve and utilize the same, and to lease, sell, or otherwise deal with or dispose of the same, and generally to carry on the business of a land and land improvement and irrigation company."’
In a letter written by Mr. Trueb, the secretary of the company, and included in the minutes, this company was said to have been—
“formed for the purpose of acquiring sixty thousand acres of land in the San Antonio District of Texas, and for irrigating and selling the same to settlers.” Toronto Exhibit 2, p. 2.
“was created for the purpose of acquiring large areas of land in the vicinity of San Antonio, Tex., and developing an extensive irrigation system in connection therewith, with a view to reselling the lands with contracts to irrigate the same.”
A corporation known as the Pacific Securities Company contracted to sell to the San Antonio Land & Irrigation Company, Limited, “approximately 60,000 acres of land” situated in Texas, the entire capital stock of the Medina Irrigation Company, and $1,600,000 bonds of the latter company, and was to receive in return $8,000,000 stock of the San Antonio Company and £1,200,000 bonds of the latter. The title to this large acreage was never in form'in either the Pacific Securities Company or the San Antonio Land & Irrigation Company, Limited, but was purchased in the name of Cresson and was placed in the names of trustees, whose only' duty was to- hold it. This declaration of trust is of sufficient importance to quote:
“Whereas, the purchase money for all those tracts of land aggregating, approximately, 60,000 acres, located in the counties of Medina, Bexar, Atas-cosa, Frio, and Bandera in the said state of Texas, acquired and to be acquired in the names of William Aubrey, Franz C. Groos, and Leroy W. Baldwin, as trustees, has been and will be provided and paid by the Pacific Securities Company, Limited, of the Dominion of Canada, for the San Antonio Land & Irrigation Company, Limited, of said Dominion:
“Now, therefore, know all men by these presents that, at the request of said Pacific Securities Company, Limited, and said San Antonio Land & Irrigation Company, Limited, we, the said William Aubrey, Franz C. Groos, and Leroy W. Baldwin, as such trustees, do hereby declare that we stand and will hereafter stand seised of said lands, so acquired and to be acquired, in trust— •
“First. For account of the Empire Trust Company of New York as trustee under the indenture of mortgage dated May 1, 1911, between said Land Company and said Trust Company, to secure an issue of said Land Company of one million six hundred thousand (1,600,000) pounds of its first mortgage bonds, and secured in trust for said San Antonio Land & Irrigation Company, Limited. That the said William Aubrey, Franz C. Groos, and Leroy W. Baldwin hereby covenant with said Pacific Securities Company, San Antonio Land & Irrigation Company, Limited, and said Empire Trust Company, and each of them, that we will hold and dispose of said lands as said indenture of mortgage directs, and, subject to said mortgage, as said San Antonio Land & Irrigation Company, Limited, may direct.”
This transfer of the lands to these trustees was by virtue of a resolution of the San Antonio Company, directed to the Pacific Company, requesting such transfer. By a further resolution, H. I. Miller, vice president of the San Antonio Land & Irrigation Company, Limited (who lived in New York) was authorized to-contract on behalf of that company for the sale of lands, and the trustees were “instructed to accept the directions and instructions of the said H. I. Miller.” Page 53 of Minutes. -
It is argued) that the Pacific Securities Company, by a sale of the bonds of the San Antonio Land & Irrigation Company, Limited, which were transferred to the Pacific Securities Company in consideration for various securities belonging to that company and for the lands, was-really the company that furnished the finances for the enterprise.
It appears from the foregoing that the Pacific Securities Company was a holding company of the San Antonio Land & Irrigation Company, Limited; that the latter was an operating company, at least as regards the 60,000 acres, and a holding company of the Medina Valley Irrigation Company and the Medina Town Sites Company. The San Antonio Land & Irrigation Company, Limited, held its directors’ and stockholders’ meetings in Canada, but its essential operations were principally in San Antonio. There was its great property vested formally in trustees, but in all essential respects belonging to it and operated under its direction. Even though the Medina Companies be regarded as separate entities, and not mere corporate agencies, I think the legal mechanism of these trustees and the fact that accounts in Texas were in the names of the Medina Companies or the trustees does not outweigh the substantial essential fact that the .San Antonio Land & Irrigation Company, at least in equity, and probably at law, owned the great acreage and absolutely directed the action of the trustees, whose only duty was to follow instructions and account. Mere forms and conduct of corporate meetings in Canada, and charter provisions as to where the principal place of business was situated, must yield to th£ foregoing facts, which clearly indicate that San Antonio was the principal place of business.
However careful the bankrupt may have been to avoid doing business in Texas, the attempt to secure such a result, in my opinion, was-abortive. The belief that legal relations may be sufficiently established by mere technicalities is common enough, but is not often really true. Here the attempt to avoid doing business in Texas was based
For the foregoing reasons, I modify the referee’s report, so as to include the stock of- the Medina Companies hypothecated to the Empire Trust Company and the $8.06 account as property of the bankrupt within the district, and, as so modified, confirm the report in all respects.