226 F. 520 | E.D.N.Y | 1915
On an order to show cause why the sum of $300, received by check from the' funds of the bankrupt corporation just before a petition was filed against that corporation, should not be paid back by one Feigenbaum, reference has been had, and a special master has reported at length as to the facts and his conclusions.
But one question is now presented. The corporation apparently had no substantial commercial standing and was in need of cash to buy supplies. Two of its officers attempted to borrow money for that purpose from Feigenbaum, who refused to advance the money to the corporation, but told the officers he would loan the money to them personally for the corporation’s use. He did so, taking their notes, and gave his check for the loan, which was indorsed by the two officers and immediately deposited in the corporation’s bank account.- For three months, $100 a month was paid back on account of this loan, and the trustee in bankruptcy seeks to recover this $300 on the ground that it was property of the corporation misappropriated to pay individual debts, and therefore traceable into the hands of those parties who, knowing the corporation’s financial position, were parties to the wrongdoing of the officers, who were diverting the corporation’s funds to their personal use. '
The last proposition is not open to argument. It is a fraud upon the creditors of a corporation for persons, having information which puts them upon inquiry, to share or assist in the acts of an officer or director of that corporation who is looting the treasury of the corporation. To take the funds of an insolvent to pay the debts of a third party, where no equivalent is given to the insolvent, is evidently a fraud. As between the insolvent and its director or officer, the transaction might be only a
But the conclusion of the special master and the testimony negative his claim. Feigenbaum was unwilling to be a creditor of the corporation. He insisted upon making an independent loan to the two officers, as individuals, and the fact that he knew they were going to make some arrangement with or apply the money to the use of the corporation does not change his contract with these two men. When his loan was paid with corporation funds, he knew that money charged to the account of these two officers was being used by them to pay his debt. The source of this money made no- difference, so far as the discharge of the debt between him and his debtors was concerned; but if he had knowledge dial the funds were tainted with fraud, or that his creditors had no title to the funds, he could not obtain a good title himself by showing the existence of the original debt. Much less could he obtain good Lele by attempting to shift his position, and claim that the corporation had had the benefit of the loan, and therefore was the real debtor. If the two officers had assigned or transferred to Feigenbaum the rights which they had against the corporation, or so much of their claim against the corporation’s funds as would pay his debt, he would be subject to all the disabilities which rested upon them.
This might leave open for discussion no question except that of preferential payment, for the assignment of the debt would have made it impossible to charge misuse of the corporate funds to pay a private obligation. Cut in this instance the creditor did not take an assignment, hut accepted a check drawn directly by the corporation to himself. He therefore assumed at the time all the responsibility involved in exchanging the primary obligation of the two officers who borrowed the money, for a check of the corporation. He thus made the officers who borrowed the. money merely indorsers or sureties of the debt and of the right to use the corporate funds for this purpose. His claim that the debt was really owed by the corporation entirely destroyed his defense of lack of knowledge of the corporation’s position, and the testimony would seem to support the finding of the commissioner that he took These payments with knowledge of the fact that the officers were using corporate fluids to pay their individual debt, when the corporation was in such financial circumstances that they had no right so- to do.
The report directing Feigenbaum to repay the sum of $300 will be confirmed, but the amount of the dividend on the claim of Keller & Feller (officers of the bankrupt) may be deducted, if they have been subrogated to the rights of Feigenbaum, and if they had any provable claim for the loan.
