In Re Roberts
OPINION
Thе issue before the Court is whether estate taxes, payable as a result of the death of the Debtor’s mother in 1980, are debts that arose out of a farming operation for purposes of
The Debtor filed a petition in bankruptcy pursuant to Chapter 12 of the Bankruptcy Code on April 15, 1987. She has been the sole operator of two farms in Schuyler County, Illinois, since the death of her mother on June 13, 1980. Previously, shе assisted her mother in the operation of the farms.
On May 21, 1987, Citizens National Bank filed a motion to dismiss. Citizens argues that the Debtor is not eligible for Chapter 12 relief because she has not met the “debt test” imposed under Chapter 12. The Debtor’s schedules list a total indebtedness of $245,404.18. Of that sum, $90,091.91 rеpresents Federal Estate Taxes, $17,-456.72 represents Illinois Inheritance Taxes, and $6,666.66 represents attorney’s fees. Citizens argues that only 53.46% of the Debtor’s total debt arises out of the farming operation since $114,215.29 of the total $245,404.18 debt was incurred as a result of the death of the Dеbtor’s mother. Thus, Citizens argues that the Debtor does not meet the 80% requirement of
“Only a family farmer with regular income may be a debtor under Chapter 12 ...”
A “family farmer” includes an:
individual ... engaged in a farming operation whose aggregate dеbts do not exceed $1,500,000 and not less than 80 percent of whose ... debts ... arise out of a farming operation owned or operatеd by such individual ... and such individual ... receive[s] from such farming operation more than 50 percent of such individual’s ... gross income for the taxable year preceding the taxable year inwhich the case concerning such individual ... was filed ...
Farming operation “includes farming, tillage of the soil, dairy farming, ranching, production or raising of сrops, poultry, or livestock, and production of poultry or livestock products in an unmanufactured state.”
The starting point for the Court’s analysis is
Matter of Armstrong,
... Armstrong’s farm machinery was inescapably interwoven with his farming operation. Importantly, it is undisputed Armstrong was never in the business of buying, selling, or trading such machinery. The machinery was purchased to work the acreage that represented Armstrong’s farming operation. Had the farm prospered, the machinery would have stayed in Armstrong’s possession. He bought the machinery so the farm could exist and prosper. But for the machinery, there would be no farm.... [Section 101(20) ] does not provide a simply all-inclusive list of tasks and activities (i.e., tillage оf the soil, dairy farming) Instead, the section starts out in general terms — ‘Farming operation includes farming, tillage of the soil, dairy farming ...’ (emphasis added). Implicit in this definition is the inclusion of general activities inherent in farming and, we believe, the means (or in this case, the equipment) necessary tо perpetuate the farming operation the definition speaks of. When a farmer sells some of his machinery in an effort to scаle down his operation (say from 200-100 acres) and save his farm, the money received is inescapably from the 50% of the farming operation dissolved.
The debts in question in the instant case arose when the Debtor inherited the farm from her mother. The estate taxes have to be paid in order for the Debtor to keep the farm. But for the paymеnt of the estate taxes, there would be no farm. The payment of estate taxes is clearly “inescapably interwoven” with the farming operation.
There is no question that mortgage payments on a farm are farm-related debts. Similarly, the payment of tax liens on a fаrm should be farm-related debts. Both obligations are incurred as the result of the acquisition of a farming operation. It does not make аny difference that the mortgage obligation arises from the purchase of the farm, and the tax obligation arises from the inheritancе of the farm. Both are debts arising out of a farming operation.
The Court’s conclusion is supported by the recent case of
Matter of Rinker,
At the heart of the lawsuit and resultant settlement was the land ... It was the land over which the litigants fought and it was the land that was the subject of the settlement. Land is also the sine qua non of a crop production еnterprise. Tillage of the land fits precisely into the definition of “farming operation” underSections 101(20) . It is undisputed that the ... [debtor’s] purpose in settling the case was to preserve their farming operation. Without the land, the ... [debtors] would have no farm. It is this directlink between the basis of the lawsuit and settlement and the farming activity that leads this court to conclude that the debts in question arose out of a “farming operation.” The mеre fact that a debt arises from a settlement of a lawsuit does not mean the requirements of Section 101(20) cannot be met.
In the case at bar, the Bank has pointed solely to the fact that the debts in question resulted from the death of the Debtor’s mother. However, the “searching inquiry” mandated by Armstrong and described in Rinker makes it clеar that the debts are farm related debts. It was the land that the Debtor inherited from her mother, and it is this land that is the heart of the Debtor’s farming operation. The purpose of paying the tax obligations is to preserve the land. Without the land, the Debtor would not have a farming oрeration. Clearly, there is a direct link between the estate taxes and the farming activity. Therefore, the debts in question arose out of a “farming operation”.
For the foregoing reasons, the Court finds that the debts which resulted from the death of the Debtor’s mother arise out оf a farming operation for purposes of
This Opinion is to serve as Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law pursuant to Rule 7052 of the Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure.