574 A.2d 160 | Vt. | 1990
Defendant appeals from the denial of a motion to transfer his case to juvenile court pursuant to 33 V.S.A. § 635(b). Defendant contends that the trial court erred in considering his prior juvenile record in making its determination. We affirm.
Defendant was arrested for possession of one-half ounce or more of marijuana in violation of 18 V.S.A. § 4224(e)(1)(B). Defendant was sixteen years old at the time of the alleged offense. The state’s attorney exercised the discretion provided by 33 V.S.A. § 635(c)
In an effort to insulate defendant’s juvenile record from public scrutiny, the trial court struck all references to the record from the State’s memorandum. The trial court judge conducted an in camera review of defendant’s prior juvenile record and his history of noncompliance with juvenile probation and rehabilitation efforts. After considering these among other factors, the court denied the motion to transfer and held defendant over in district court for trial.
Defendant appealed on the authority of State v. Lafayette, 148 Vt. 288, 532 A.2d 560 (1987), and squarely presents the issue of whether a trial court may take account of a defendant’s juvenile records when considering whether to transfer a case to juvenile court.
Law enforcement reports and files concerning a person subject to the jurisdiction of the juvenile court are to be kept separate from the records and files of arrests of other persons, and such records and files shall not be open to public inspection nor their contents disclosed to the public, with limited exceptions not here applicable. 33 V.S.A. § 663(a). It is apparent, however,
The juvenile justice system serves rehabilitative rather than punitive goals. In re J.S., 140 Vt. 458, 468, 438 A.2d 1125, 1129 (1981). The confidentiality of juvenile proceedings, records and files protects the delinquent from the stigma of his misconduct in order to make change and growth possible. Id. To achieve these purposes, the Legislature left the propriety of transfer to the sound discretion of the trial court for a case-by-case determination. State v. Jacobs, 144 Vt. 70, 75, 472 A.2d 1247, 1250 (1984). The trial court must, in the interest of the juvenile, have access to all the facts to make an informed assessment of whether a particular defendant will benefit from the protection afforded juveniles. When a defendant with prior experience in the juvenile system comes before the court on criminal charges, it is difficult to conceive of a more relevant consideration than whether the system has worked for that person in the past.
The trial court evaluated the extent and nature of defendant’s prior record of delinquency, the nature of past treatment efforts and defendant’s response to them, the prospects for rehabilitation by use of procedures, services and facilities available through juvenile proceedings, and whether protection of the community would be best served by adjudication in criminal or juvenile court.
Defendant maintains that if the State desires to have a juvenile record considered by the judge in order to justify treating defendant as an adult, it must initiate the proceeding in juvenile court and then request a transfer to criminal court under 33 V.S.A. § 635a(a).
In drafting § 635(c), the Legislature intended to provide the state’s attorney with an effective choice between juvenile and criminal jurisdiction. The viability of the election to charge a defendant in criminal court will often depend upon the State’s ability to counter a transfer motion with portions of the juvenile record to rebut the assertion that a defendant would benefit from juvenile treatment. Otherwise, juvenile offenders could blatantly misrepresent facts to the court under the cover of confidentiality.
Defendant also contends that the trial court’s ruling subverts the very purposes and objectives of 33 V.S.A. chapter 12 by protecting privacy and confidentiality only after transfer to juvenile court. Defendant notes that, as part of the public court file, the State’s response to the motion to transfer exposed his juvenile record to public scrutiny from the time of filing until the court denied transfer and struck all references to the juvenile’s record from the State’s memorandum. The trial court’s ruling, defendant argues, serves to only “lock the barn door after the horse is stolen.”
We begin “with the presumption that pretrial proceedings and documents are open to the public.” In re K.F., 151 Vt. 211, 213, 559 A.2d 663, 664-65 (1989). Pursuant to 33 V.S.A. § 635(c), procedures against defendants over the age of sixteen and under the age of eighteen at the time of the offense may originate in district court. “The statutory scheme provides for the confidentiality of juvenile proceedings only after a determination under § 635(b) and not before.”
Affirmed.
The state’s attorney may initiate charges in a juvenile court or a court of criminal jurisdiction where the defendant was over sixteen and under eighteen at the time of the alleged commission of the offense and the offense charged is not one specified in § 635a(a). 33 V.S.A. § 635(c).
33 V.S.A. § 635(b) provides:
If it appears to any court of this state in a criminal proceeding that the defendant was over the age of sixteen years and under the age of eighteen years at the time the offense charged was alleged to have been committed, ... that court may forthwith transfer the proceeding to the juvenile court under the authority of this chapter, and the minor shall thereupon be considered to be subject to this chapter as a delinquent child.
While not required to do so, the trial court may refer to the standards for transfer from juvenile to criminal court set forth in 33 V.S.A. § 635a(d). See State v. Willis, 145 Vt. 459, 468-69, 494 A.2d 108, 113 (1985) (trial court may consider the criteria outlined in Kent v. United States, 383 U.S. 541, 566-67 (1966), which include the record and previous history of thé juvenile, the likelihood of reasonable rehabilitation, and the prospects for adequate protection of the public).
A juvenile court may inspect the juvenile records and flies of the child before it. 33 V.S.A. § 663(b)(1).
“If charges . . . are filed in a court of criminal jurisdiction, that court may forthwith transfer the proceeding to the juvenile court under the authority of this chapter and the person shall thereupon be considered to be subject to this chapter as a delinquent child.” 33 V.S.A. § 635(c) (emphasis added).