| E.D. Pa. | Apr 8, 1902
The petition avers that the bankrupt is “a corporation engaged in the business of carriage by water of passengers and goods for hire, between the city of Philadelphia and Lewes, Delaware.” The bankrupt moves to dismiss, upon the ground that a corporation of this character is not “engaged principally in manufacturing, trading, printing, publishing or mercantile pursuits,” and is therefore not within the provisions of the act. It is apparent that the corporation cannot be embraced within the clause just quoted, unless it is found to be engaged principally in “trading or mercantile pursuits,” and to this point the argument has been addressed. The construction of these words that is contended for on behalf of the petition makes them equivalent to “commerce” or “commercial pursuits,” and would require the court to hold that every other kind of corporation engaged in commerce was also included within the act. The railroad and steamship lines of the country, the insurance companies, the telephone and telegraph companies, the express and transfer companies, and perhaps other corporations having something to do with the movement of persons or commodities, would all be embraced within the words if they should be thus construed. In my opinion, this result is sufficient to condemn the proposed construction. J feel sure that, if congress had intended to subject such well-known and important classes of corporations as railroad, steamship, express, telegraph, and other companies engaged in commerce, to the operation of the bankrupt act, they would have been named directly and specifically, or else the act would have contained such all-embracing terms as were used in the act of 1867, — “all moneyed, business or commercial corporations and stock companies.” But to specify the narrower classes of manufacturing, printing, and publishing corporations, and then to add “trading or mercantile corporations,” indicates to my mind that these latter words are to have a restricted meaning, and are not to be so broadened as to cover the whole field of commerce or commercial pursuits. See In re Cameron Town Mut. Fire, Lightning & Windstorm Ins. Co. (D. C.) 96 Fed. 757; In re New York &
The question is not, I think, whether somé one or more of the dictionary meanings of the words “trading” or “mercantile” may be broad enough to embrace such a business as is done by the bankrupt. In the construction of a statute, the effort must always be to determine in what sense the words were used by the legislature; and, while it is true that the natural and ordinary meaning of language is to be followed, it may often happen, as I think it has happened in the present case, that a word may have several natural and ordinary meanings. In that event, the court is obliged to determine by the help of other considerations which meaning the word was intended to convey. For the reasons given, I do not believe that congress intended the words “trading or mercantile” to carry the meaning that is contended for by the petitioning creditors, and accordingly the petition will b.e dismissed.