Dwight, P. J.
No question was made of the testamentary capacity of the decedent, nor that the alleged will was duly executed by him. The questions of fact upon which there was some conflict of evidence, and in respect to which the evidence was held by the learned surrogate to be insufficient to warrant the granting of probate of the will, related (1) to the due publication thereof by the deceased as his will, and (2) to the request by the deceased that the witnesses should attach their names as subscribing witnesses thereto. The decedent was an unmarried man of upwards of 60 years of age, and had been deaf and substantially dumb from early childhood. He had been accustomed to communicate his ideas mainly by signs and gestures, constituting a species of pantomime, and sometimes by writing on a slate or pieces of paper, and he was able to understand, to some extent, communications made to him, by the motion of the lips of persons who spoke to him. The scrivener who drew his will—a schoolmaster by profession, and, as his testimony taken on commission indicates, a man of intelligence—had known him for several years, and had frequently conversed with him by means of signs, previous to the interviews in reference to his will. He was able to read print, and some writing, and to write, himself, to some extent. Shortly before drawing his will, the scrivener had received information from the sister of the testator that the latter desired to have him draw his will, and he visited him at his sister’s house, where he had been living for a number of years, taking with him a printed form of a will, which lie exhibited to the testator, and was informed by him by means of intelligible signs that he wished him to draw his will, and that he desired to give his property to the sister with whom he was living. The scrivener went away and filled out the printed form accordingly, inserting an additional provision for the contingency of his sister’s not sur*395viving him, and, when he came again, exhibited the draft of the will to the testator, who examined it closely for several minutes, apparently reading it with care, and plainly indicated by signs that it was as he desired his will to be. The scrivener showed him where his name should be signed, and called his attention to the attestation clause, which was printed on the same page with the will, of all of which the testator signified his understanding. The will was executed the next day by the testator signing his full name thereto, in presence of the scrivener and three other witnesses, all four of whom signed the attestation clause in his presence and in presence of each other. The scrivener testifies to the signs by means of which he put the question to the testator whether the paper thus executed was his will, and the affirmative response thereto; and another of the subscribing witnesses describes the unmistakable dumb show by which the testator invited the witnesses to subscribe their names as such to the will, and thanked them for the service after it was performed. The evidence in both of these respects was in a manner contradicted by the other two subscribing witnesses, but mainly to the effect that they either failed to observe and comprehend, or else to remember, the matters referred to. A man is not to be denied the right to make a testamentary disposition of his property on account of defect of speech and hearing; and a deaf and dumb man may make a will if only the formalities prescribed by the statute are observed in their spirit and intent, and in such manner as is practicable, under the conditions existing. In re Beckett, 103 N.Y. 167" court="NY" date_filed="1886-10-05" href="https://app.midpage.ai/document/in-re-probate-of-the-last-will-of-beckett-3607205?utm_source=webapp" opinion_id="3607205">103 N. Y. 167, 174, 8 N. E. Rep. 506; In re Stillman’s Estate, (Surr.) 9 N.Y.S. 446" court="N.Y. Sur. Ct." date_filed="1890-02-15" href="https://app.midpage.ai/document/in-re-revocation-of-the-probate-of-the-will-of-stillman-6139632?utm_source=webapp" opinion_id="6139632">9 N. Y. Supp. 446, and the cases cited. We desire not to dwell upon the facts in this case in such a way as to prejudice their future consideration, and we therefore state without further discussion that the result of our examination of the case is to raise serious doubt whether the questions of fact above mentioned were determined in accordance with the due weight of the evidence as it appears in the record. There was, undoubtedly, a conflict of evidence, and we are unable to concur with the learned surrogate in his findings of fact thereupon. This brings the case within the provisions of section 2588 of the Code, and calls for a submission of the questions of fact to a jury. The decree of the surrogate should be reversed on the facts, and a trial by jury ordered of the material questions of fact arising upon the issues between the parties, such trial to be had in the circuit court in Ontario county. Issues to be settled (if required) by the presiding justice of this court; costs of this appeal to abide the final award of costs. All concur.