In re Oswegatchie Chemical Products Corp.

279 F. 547 | 2d Cir. | 1922

HOUGH, Circuit Judge

(after stating the facts as above). [1] The property affected by the mortgage, and to which the asserted lien attached, was in the possession of the trustee in bankruptcy. Under such circumstances this court has held that the jurisdiction of the referee existed and could be asserted in a summary proceeding. In re Kellogg, 121 Fed. 333, 57 C. C. A. 547. The point is that the property was in the trustee’s possession and required administration like other property; therefore no plenary suit was necessary, and this proceeding was within the exception pointed out in the Kellogg Case, and again in Weidhorn v. Levy, 253 U. S. 268, 40 Sup. Ct. 534, 64 L. Ed. 898.

The mortgage, considered alone and without any reference to the alleged vendor’s lien, was plainly void under section 66 of the New York Stock Corporation Raw (Consol. Raws, c. 59), which prevents any company “which shall have refused to pay any of its notes or other obligations, when due” from transferring “any of its property to any of its officers, directors or.stockholders, directly or indirectly, for the payment of any debt, or upon any other consideration than the full value of the property paid in cash.”

The Abbott Factory was a large shareholder in the bankrupt, and the bankrupt by the fall of 1918 had refused to pay its notes and other obligations; indeed, it was then plainly insolvent. Nor was any consideration paid in cash for the mortgage. Therefore the mortgage per se was, in the exact words of the statute, “void.” Whether the mortgage could be given life because of the pre-existing lien, or whether said lien, if itself valid and existing, would or could be extinguished by ,a mortgage per se void, are apices juris, which need not be considered; for it is certainly true that, however .good or bad the lien was, it was not improved by this mortgage, so that a negative answer to the query whether the vendor’s lien was good for anything in October, 1918, will dispose of this litigation.

[2] The bankruptcy court, being a court oí the United States, is bound to enforce a vendor’s lien, if it is recognized by the proper state law. Slide, etc., Mines v. Seymour, 153 U. S. 509, 14 Sup. Ct. 842, 38 L. Ed. 802. Though it is said to be viewed with disfavor in Maroney v. Boyle, 141 N. Y. 462, 36 N. E. 511, 38 Am. St. Rep. 821, there can be no doubt that the lien exists and has often been recognized in the courts of New York. Hubbell v. Henrickson, 175 N. Y. 175, 67 N. E. 302, citing the early cases. And see Zeiser v. Colin, 207 N. Y. 407, 101 N. E. 184, 47 L. R. A. (N. S.) 186, Ann. Cas. 1914C, 493. The general history of the vendor’s lien, from Mackreth v. Symmons, 15 Ves. Jr. 329, downward, and its treatment in the courts of the United States, may be seen in Bayley v. Greenleaf, 7 Wheat. 46, 5 L. Ed. 393; Brown v. Gilman, 4 Wheat. 255, 4 L. Ed. 564, affirming 1 Mason, 191, Fed. Cas. No. 5,441: Minah, etc., Co. v. Briscoe, 89 Fed. 891, 32 C. C. A. 390, certiorari denied 175 U. S. 727, 20 Sup. Ct. 1023, 44 L. Ed. 339, and Venner v. Farmers’, etc., Co., 90 Fed. 348, 33 C. C. A. 95.

From the authorities cited, and many others, there may be drawn the doctrine that the implied equitable right of the vendor to look for security in respect of his purchase price to the very land he conveyed is purely a creature of equity, being the equitable right or capacity to assert a lien, which is only useful when it lias been judicially ascertained and declared. It follows that, whenever any other equity arises stronger than the vendor’s equity, the latter must yield. When it comes to ascertaining the lien as here, the question always is (broadly stated) whether one set of equities outweighs the other. Of this the Minali and Venner Cases, supra, are excellent and extreme illustrations.

It is not here necessary to enter upon any discussion of mutual and conflicting equities, for concerning any matter to long known and so frequently litigated as a vendor’s lien some definite rules always emerge, although, having regard to the manifold possibilities of human activity, it is never advisable even to attempt reduction of the whole subject to hard and fast legal regulations.

[3] One of these rules is that an implied vendor’s lien cannot prevail as against intervening bona fide creditors without notice. This rule was early announced in Bayley v. Grecnleaf, supra, and is as shortly as possible expressed in Dawson v. Girard, etc., Co., 27 Minn. 411, at 414, 8 N. W. 142, 144, where was applied “the well-settled rule that a vendor’s lien upon real estate does not prevail against a creditor of the purchaser, whose claim accrued subsequently to the lien, and without notice of it.”

All the creditors of this bankrupt necessarily became such after the creation of the alleged vendor’s lien. The trustee in bankruptcy represents, and for both legal and equitable purposes is (so to speak) all those creditors and is possessed under the statute of all the rights and powers of a judgment creditor with an execution returned unsatisfied'. In re Seward, etc., Co., 242 Fed. 225, 155 C. C. A. 65. It follows that as against the trustee in his representative capacity this vendor’s lien, of which (by appellant’s own evidence) no notice was given to anybody for nearly three years, cannot prevail.

The practice pursued below is regrettable. The subject was raised orally at a creditors’ meeting; no issues were framed by petition and answer, as should have been done. It is to be hoped that such a procedure does not widely prevail. But the substance of the matter is before us and no objection was made in respect of the procedure in the District Court.

Discovering no error in the substance of the proceedings below, the order is affirmed, with costs.