2003 Ohio 5462 | Ohio Ct. App. | 2003
{¶ 2} Jasmine was born to Tammy Osberry on December 27, 1997. At the time of her birth, Phillip was aware that he was possibly Jasmine's father, having had intercourse with Tammy near the approximate time of conception. However, Phillip came to believe that he was not Jasmine's father based upon representations from Tammy, and he never sought paternity testing.
{¶ 3} Jasmine tested positive for cocaine at birth and was removed from her mother's care. She was then placed in the custody of her maternal grandmother, Charlene Jones. However, Charlene eventually gave Jasmine back to Tammy without the court's permission. In July, 2000, Allen County Children's Services Board ("ACCSB") was notified that Tammy and Charlene left Jasmine alone at home with two other young children while they went on a "crack binge." As a result, a complaint was filed alleging Jasmine to be a dependent and neglected child, and she was placed in the temporary custody of Tammy's sister, Dawn Jones. The complaint indicated that Phillip was Jasmine's father but that his whereabouts were unknown. Thus, service was obtained by publication.
{¶ 4} On August 16, 2000, an adjudicatory hearing was held. Neither parent was present for these proceedings. As a result of this hearing, Jasmine was adjudicated both dependent and neglected on September 18, 2000. Thereafter, a dispositional hearing was held in which neither parent was present. At the conclusion of this hearing, temporary custody of Jasmine was continued with Dawn. However, ACCSB and Dawn both made subsequent motions to the court to modify the status of temporary custody to that of legal custody. This time, personal service, rather than service by publication, of these motions was perfected on Phillip, who appeared and requested court-appointed counsel. A hearing was scheduled on this matter for May 9, 2001. On that date, Phillip and his appointed attorney were present. However, a continuance was requested in order to allow for genetic testing to determine if Phillip was Jasmine's biological father. Therefore, the matter was rescheduled for July 6, 2001.
{¶ 5} On July 6, 2001, a hearing was held to determine whether legal custody of Jasmine should be granted to Dawn, but neither Phillip nor his attorney was present. At the conclusion of the hearing, legal custody of Jasmine was granted to Dawn. Four months later, on November 6, 2001, Phillip petitioned for, inter alia, legal custody of Jasmine. By this time, genetic testing had been completed, and Phillip was found to be the father of Jasmine. Sometime after this filing, the parties agreed to a visitation schedule for Jasmine and Phillip, Phillip not having previously had any contact with Jasmine. A hearing was later held on the matter on April 24, 2002, and continued on June 12, 2002. The court then took the matter under advisement, and on April 10, 2003, Phillip's petition for legal custody of Jasmine was overruled. This appeal followed, and Phillip now asserts two assignments of error.
The trial court below committed error prejudicial to the appellantfather by applying the wrong standard of review and failing to considerparental unsuitability in a dispute between a parent and non-parent forcustody of a minor child. The trial court below committed error prejudicial to the appellantfather finding that the appellant father had abandoned the minor childagainst the manifest weight of the evidence and against the prevailinglaws of the State of Ohio.
As both of these assignments of error pertain to the issue of custody of Jasmine, they will be addressed together.
{¶ 6} Phillip first maintains that the trial court applied the incorrect standard of "best interest of the child" in overruling his motion for legal custody of Jasmine. Instead, he asserts that the trial court was required to determine by a preponderance of the evidence that he was an unsuitable parent before it could grant legal custody of Jasmine to Dawn Jones over him. Next, Phillip contends that the court could not have made such a determination because a preponderance of the evidence did not demonstrate that he was an unsuitable parent. We disagree.
{¶ 7} Our review of these assignments of error begins by noting that "[i]t is well recognized that the right to raise a child is an `essential' and `basic civil right.'" In re Hayes (1997),
{¶ 8} Phillip correctly asserts that a court must first determine parental unsuitability before granting legal custody of a child to a nonparent over the objections of a natural parent. See id.; In rePerales (1977),
{¶ 9} The Perales decision has not been extended to legal custody decisions in cases of abuse, dependency, or neglect. In fact, various courts have held that an adjudication of neglect or dependency implies parental unfitness. Id. at ¶ 15; In the Matter of Farrow, 10th Dist. No. 01AP-837, 2002-Ohio-3237, 2002 WL 1377798; In re Johnson (Mar. 29, 1995), 4th Dist. No. 94 CA 2003, unreported, 1995 WL 146064; see, also,Linger v. Weiss (1979),
{¶ 10} Revised Code section
If a court issues a dispositional order pursuant to section
As previously mentioned, the court adjudicated Jasmine a neglected and dependent child and awarded temporary custody to Dawn as an order of disposition pursuant to R.C.
{¶ 11} Revised Code section
{¶ 12} R.C.
[a] court shall not modify or terminate an order granting legal custodyof a child unless it finds, based on facts that have arisen since theorder was issued or that were unknown to the court at the time, that achange has occurred in the circumstances of the child or the person whowas granted legal custody, and that modification or termination of theorder is necessary to serve the best interest of the child.
R.C.
{¶ 13} The evidence presented during the hearing on Phillip's motion did not reflect a change in circumstances of either Jasmine or Dawn. The only change that occurred was that Phillip now had scientific proof that he was Jasmine's father. This did not constitute a change in circumstances, but rather, a change in conclusive knowledge on Phillip's part that he is the biological father of Jasmine. In addition, the trial court did not find that a change in custody would be in Jasmine's best interest given her limited contact with Phillip, the length of time she had lived with Dawn, as well as with her half-siblings and cousins who were also in Dawn's care, and her young age. Further, the court expressed great concern with granting custody to Phillip because both he and his paramour, Vicki Brown, who was going to be the primary caretaker of Jasmine if she were to come live with them, each had children who were removed from their care by ACCSB. Also, evidence was presented that Vicki was physically violent as recently as October, 2000, to Phillip's young son, who lives with the couple. Based upon the evidence presented to the trial court, we do not find that the trial court erred in granting legal custody of Jasmine to Dawn and in overruling Phillip's motion for legal custody and/or amendment of the prior dispositional order.
{¶ 14} For these reasons, both assignments of error are overruled and the judgment of the Common Pleas Court, Juvenile Division, of Allen County, Ohio, is affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.
WALTERS and CUPP, JJ., concur.