In re M.W.R.
- Reporters:
- , ,
- Before:
- Billings, Hill, Underwood, Peck, Larrow
UNDERWOOD, Justice.
This is an appeal by the parents of M.R. and J.R. from an order of the juvenile court declaring their children to be in need of care and supervision, and placing them in the custody of the Department of Social and Rehabilitation Services [SRS]. The parents argue, inter alia, that the court erred in admitting a tape of J.R.‘s pretrial statement as a deposition because it was unsworn. We agree and reverse.
The facts as they relate to J.R.‘s pretrial statement are as follows. On September 23, 1981, the statement was taken. Counsel for the father, the mother, the children and the State, as well as the guardian ad litem, were present. Counsel for the father questioned J.R., a nine year old at the time, first:
Counsel: Okay, J.R. when we do this with older people we usually put them under oath.
J.R.: What‘s that.
Counsel: Well, we ask them to — I‘ll tell you. We ask them to swear to tell the truth. With younger people sometimes we just ask them a few questions about that. Do you know what it means to tell the truth? J.R.: Yes.
Counsel: Do you know what the truth is?
J.R.: What do you mean?
Counsel: Well, if somebody asks you a question about something that happened, do you normally — something that happened to you something that you know about — would you tell that person what really happened?
J.R.: Yes.
Counsel: Okay, and that‘s what‘s called telling the truth. Now have you been told in school and at home that you are supposed to tell the truth when someone asks you something?
J.R.: Yes.
Counsel: You are, okay. And do you know what — do you know what can happen if you don‘t tell the truth?
J.R.: (no verbal response)
Counsel: Okay, can you tell what sort of things might happen.
J.R.: It could get worse.
Counsel: Well, that‘s one thing that can happen, sure. Do you know that sometimes people are punished if they don‘t tell the truth; do you know that?
J.R.: (No verbal response)
Counsel: You do? Okay. . . .
After this preliminary questioning, J.R. went on to state that her father had abused her.
The case came on to trial on November 10, 1981. On November 20, 1981, J.R. was called as a witness. She refused to respond to any questions. As a consequence the court found her to be unavailable within the meaning of
J.R.‘s “deposition” was the crucial evidence in the State‘s case of child abuse. Neither child testified in court that their father had been guilty of any abuse. On the strength of the “deposition,” the court found J.R. and M.R. to be children in need of care and supervision and placed them in the custody of SRS.
On appeal, the parents contend that the court committed error when it admitted the “deposition” of J.R. as substantive evidence. Specifically, they argue that the pretrial statement was unsworn, and therefore not eligible for admission under
By virtue of
A basic requirement of all depositions is that they be under oath: “The officer before whom the deposition is to be taken shall put the witness on oath ....”
The usual oath must be administered to the witness prior to the examination, just as if he were testifying in court. If, in the taking of depositions, the requirement of law with the respect to the oath to be administered to the witness is not complied with, the deposition cannot be used as evidence.
23 Am.Jur.2d Depositions and Discovery § 47.
The State concedes that a pretrial deposition is only valid as substantive evidence
The State‘s exposition of the law is correct, but its application of the facts is erroneous. J.R. was questioned preliminarily concerning her understanding of the difference between the truth and a lie, and her understanding that it was better to tell the truth. At no point, however, did she take an oath, or promise, or even say, that she would tell the truth. Thus, the pretrial statement was unsworn. Therefore, it was inadmissible as substantive evidence, and the court‘s ruling to the contrary constitutes reversible error.
Reversed.