358 B.R. 397 | Bankr. D. Or. | 2006
In re Jonathan H. McUNE and Katherine N. McUne, Debtors.
United States Bankruptcy Court, D. Oregon.
*398 Tom Dzieman, Medford, OR, for Debtors.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
FRANK R. ALLEY, III, Bankruptcy Judge.
BACKGROUND
Debtors filed bankruptcy under chapter 7 on December 23, 2005, after the effective date of the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005 (BAPCPA). The United States Trustee (UST) reviewed Debtors' filing and determined that, while a presumption of abuse pursuant to 11 U.S.C. 707(b)(2)[1] did not arise, the case should nonetheless be dismissed pursuant to 707(b)(3) based on the "totality of the circumstances" of Debtors' financial situation and upon the UST's assertion that the case was filed in bad faith.
In considering the totality of the circumstances, the UST argued that based on the income and expense figures supplied by Debtors' Schedules I and J, and after making appropriate adjustments to those numbers, the Debtors have the ability to make a substantial effort to fund a chapter 13 plan of reorganization.
Debtors counter that Congress, in passing BAPCPA, created a separate and distinct financial test in 707(b)(2) which precludes consideration of the same financial issues elsewhere as part of the court's review of the totality of circumstances. As this issue must be resolved before the other factors involved in the UST's motion to dismiss may be considered, I will treat the matter as if the parties have filed cross-motions for partial summary judgment on this issue of law.
ISSUE
Where the presumption of abuse does not arise under 707(b)(2), may the court nonetheless consider the debtor's ability to fund a chapter 13 plan of reorganization as part of a motion to dismiss under 707(b)(3), based on the totality of the circumstances of debtor's financial situation?
*399 DISCUSSION
Section 707(b)(1) provides that the court may dismiss or convert a case filed under chapter 7 by an individual with primarily consumer debts if it finds that the granting of relief would constitute an abuse of the provisions of the chapter. Section 707(b)(2) creates a presumption that abuse exists when the debtor's income is greater than the median income for his household size in his domiciliary state and his income less applicable expenses (as calculated pursuant to uniform standards) is sufficient to pay over a 60 month period at least the lesser of (1) the greater of 25% of debtor's nonpriority unsecured claims or $6,000, or (2) $10,000.
If a presumption of abuse does not arise pursuant to, 707(b)(2), the court is instructed in considering whether an abuse exists under 707(b)(1) to consider: "(A) whether the debtor filed the petition in bad faith; or (B)[if] the totality of the circumstances .. . of the debtor's financial situation demonstrates abuse." Section 707(b)(3).
Debtors argue that because the "means test" of 707(b)(2) "ferrets out" a debtor's ability to pay his claims, a consideration of the ability to pay as part of 707(b)(3)(B) would render the means test meaningless. I don't agree. As the court stated in In re Pak[2]: what could be more central to a debtor's financial situation that his income and expenses?
Section 707, while certainly cumbersome, is internally consistent. The means test of 707(b)(2) provides a more or less bright line: if the debtor fails to satisfy the criteria of that provision he may not seek relief under chapter 7. On the other hand, if he does meet those criteria, he is nevertheless subject to a generalized review, including consideration of his finances. Taken as a whole, 707 precludes the court from permitting the debtor to liquidate under chapter 7 when there is an ability to pay, even when other relevant factors may favor liquidation. I also agree with the UST that 707(b)(3) permits a generalized review of a debtor's finances, as well as of other circumstances, where the means test may have been abused in some way, or finances may have been manipulated in order to pass the test.[3]
CONCLUSION
A debtor's actual ability to pay a portion of his unsecured debts may be considered as part of the totality of the circumstances of the debtor's financial situation under 707(b)(3). The UST's motion for partial summary judgment is granted and the Debtors' motion is denied.
NOTES
[1] Unless otherwise indicated, all chapter, section and rule references are to the Bankruptcy Code, 11 U.S.C. 101-1330, and to the Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure, Rules XXXX-XXXX, as enacted and promulgated after the effective date (October 17, 2005) of The Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005, Pub.L. 109-8, Apr. 20, 2005, 119 Stat. 23.
[2] In re Pak, 343 B.R. 239, 241 (Bankr. N.D.Cal.2006).
[3] I am not saying this because I find that abuse occurred in the present case, but merely to demonstrate the internal consistency of the statute.
