MEMORANDUM
Before the Court are three appeals from orders issued by the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee (Rucker, J.). The first order, which is the subject of the appeal in 1:11— CV-258, dismissed an adversary action filed by Appellant Grant, Konvalinka & Harrison, P.C. (“Appellant”) on the grounds that Appellees Richard L. Banks, Andrew B. Morgan, and Richard Banks & Associates, P.C. (the “Banks Defendants”); F. Scott Leroy, F. Scott Leroy doing business as Leroy & Bickerstaff, Leroy & Bickerstaff, PLLC, and Leroy, Hurst & Bickerstaff, PLLC (the “Leroy Defendants”); and Trustee C. Kenneth Still (the “Trustee”) were entitled to immunity (Case No. l:ll-CV-258, Court File No. 2 (the “August 12, 2011 Order”)). A second and third order are the subject of the appeal in l:ll-CV-320. The second order denied Appellant’s motion for leave to file an action against Appellees Steve A. McKenzie and the Trustee in the Circuit Court of Bradley County, Tennessee (Case No. l:ll-CV-320, Court File No. 2-2 (the “August 5, 2011 Order”)) and the third order denied Appellant’s motion to alter, amend, and/or otherwise set aside the
After giving careful consideration to the parties’ arguments, relevant case law, and the evidentiary record, the Court AFFIRMS the judgment of the bankruptcy court in l:ll-CV-258; AFFIRMS the judgment of the bankruptcy court in 1:11— CV-320; and AFFIRMS the judgment of the bankruptcy court in l:ll-CV-346.
I. RELEVANT FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
This ease began as an involuntary Chapter 7 bankruptcy action filed against debt- or Steve A. McKenzie on November 11, 2008, in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee. The Chapter 7 bankruptcy was refiled as a voluntary Chapter 11 bankruptcy, and the two cases were later consolidated (Case No. l:ll-CV-258, Court File No. 8 at 25-27). All of the events discussed below arise from this consolidated bankruptcy matter.
A. Facts Relevant to l:ll-CV-258
On August 5, 2010, Appellee C. Kenneth Still, Trustee, initiated an adversary proceeding against Appellant Grant, Konvalin-ka & Harrison by filing a complaint in the bankruptcy court before Judge John C. Cook alleging, inter alia, violations of the automatic stay, avoidance of preferences, avoidance of fraudulent transfers, equitable subordination, and claims against insiders (Court File No. 8 at 7-24). The complaint was signed by Appellee Richard L. Banks, attorney for the PlaintiffDebtor and special litigation attorney for the Trustee, and Appellee F. Scott Leroy, attorney for the Trustee. At the heart of the Trustee’s complaint was an allegation that Appellant assisted Nelson Bowers II (a client of Appellant who, along with debt- or Steve McKenzie, was a 50% member in a company named Cleveland Auto Mall, LLC) in creating a separate entity called Exit 20, LLC to receive property from Cleveland Auto Mall, LLC after the filing of the involuntary bankruptcy petition and in violation of the automatic stay.
Judge Cook dismissed the Trustee’s claims pursuant to Rule 12(b) (6) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure on December 16, 2010 (Court File No. 8 (“December 16, 2010 Order”), at 98-99). Among other things, Judge Cook concluded that the real estate at issue was not property of the bankruptcy estate as a matter of law (Court File No. 8 at 108-110). He noted that whether Cleveland Auto Mall, LLC could properly be called “property of the estate,” “property of the debtor,” or an “interest of the debtor in property” turned on state law. In Tennessee, a limited liability company has an existence apart from its members. Therefore, the Court held the alleged transfers involved property of Cleveland Auto Mall, LLC-as opposed to debtor McKenzie — and was therefore not property of the estate
On February 11, 2011, Appellant filed a complaint in bankruptcy court and brought two state law claims against Appellees: malicious prosecution and abuse of process (Court File No. 8 at 1-6). Bankruptcy Judge Shelley Rucker handled this matter. On August 12, 2011, Judge Rucker dismissed Appellant’s claims pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6) and 12(c) on the grounds that Appellees were entitled to immunity (Court File No. 2-2 (“August 12, 2011 Order”)). Appellant appealed the August 12, 2011 Order by filing a notice of appeal on August 19, 2011.
B. Facts Relevant to l:ll-CV-320
On August 6, 2010, Appellees Trustee Still and Steve McKenzie via counsel filed a complaint in Bradley County, Tennessee against Appellant, Nelson Bowers II, Exit 20 Auto Mall, LLC, and an additional party (Court File. No. 10 at 1-14). The Bradley County action involved claims for breach of fiduciary duty and conflict of interest, assisting a fiduciary in committing a breach of duty, and civil conspiracy.
Appellant filed a motion to dismiss. On January 26, 2011, the Chancery Court of Bradley County dismissed two of Appel-lees’ claims due to the passing of the applicable statute of limitations (Court File No. 10-2 at 92-93). On March 4, 2011, the parties entered an agreed order dismissing the remaining counts in the Bradley County action (Court File No. 10-1).
On April 22, 2011, Appellant filed a motion for leave of court to file a complaint in Bradley County against Trustee Still and his attorneys alleging claims of malicious prosecution and abuse of process (Court File No. 2-4). The bankruptcy court denied Appellant’s motion for leave on August 5, 2011 (Court File No. 2-2). Appellant filed a subsequent motion to alter, amend, and/or otherwise set aside the court’s order denying Appellant’s motion for leave of court (Court File No. 10-4). The bankruptcy court denied this motion on September 27, 2011 (Court File No. 2-3). On October 4, 2011, Appellant filed a notice of appeal with respect to the August 5, 2011 Order and the September 27, 2011 Order.
C. Facts Relevant to l:ll-CV-346
On July 23, 2010, Appellee Trustee Still, through counsel Appellee F. Scott Leroy, filed a complaint in Hamilton County, Tennessee for Appellant and other related parties to turn over files, books, records, and other related documents believed to be in their possession and allegedly belonging to the bankruptcy estate of debtor Steve McKenzie (Court File No. 1-3 at 22-24). The Hamilton County action was dismissed on November 5, 2010, by the parties through an agreed order of dismissal (Court File No. 1-3 at 128-29).
On February 18, 2011, Appellant filed a motion for leave of court to file an action in Hamilton County against Appellees for filing the July 23, 2010 complaint. The bankruptcy court denied Appellant’s motion for leave on July 21, 2011. Appellant did not appeal the order, but the following day, filed a complaint in the bankruptcy court against Trustee Still and the Leroy Defendants claiming the filing of the Hamilton County action was both an act of malicious prosecution and abuse of process (Court File No. 1-3 at 1-17). On September 30, 2011, the bankruptcy court dismissed Appellant’s July 22, 2011 complaint
II. STANDARD OF REVIEW
The district court has appellate jurisdiction to hear appeals from final judgments and orders of the bankruptcy-court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 158(a)(1). The bankruptcy court’s factual findings are reviewed for clear error and its conclusions of law are reviewed de novo. In re Behlke,
A bankruptcy court’s decision to dismiss a case is generally reviewed for abuse of discretion. In re DSC, Ltd.,
Several of Appellant’s claims were dismissed by the bankruptcy court under Rules 12(b) and 12(c) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, which were expressly adopted by Federal Rule of Bankruptcy Procedure 7012(b). A motion to dismiss filed pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6) “allow[s] a defendant to test whether, as a matter of law, [a] plaintiff is entitled to legal relief even if everything alleged in the complaint is true.” Mayer v. Mylod,
A motion for judgment on the pleadings under Rule 12(c) is considered using the same standard of review as a Rule 12(b)(6) motion. Fritz v. Charter Twp. of Comstock,
III. CASE NO. l:ll-CV-258
Did the Bankruptcy Court Err in Concluding, as a Matter of Law and Without Allowing Appellant to Conduct any Discovery, that Appellees were Entitled to Immunity from Appellant’s Claims?
Appellant claims the bankruptcy court erred in determining that Appellees
The issue in this appeal is whether a trustee is entitled to immunity after filing an adversary complaint alleging that a third party (here, Appellant) committed various violations such as avoidance of fraudulent transfers and violating the automatic stay. In Kirk v. Hendon (In re Heinsohn),
There is also a general presumption that trustees are acting within the scope of their duties. See id. at 322 (“A presumption in favor of the trustee, counsel, or other bankruptcy official that they were acting within the scope of their duties prevents a plaintiff ... from making unsupported allegations in an attempt to defeat Congress’s goal of providing exclusive federal jurisdiction over bankruptcy mat
Here, Appellant contests whether Appellees acted within the scope of their authority when the Trustee filed a complaint against Appellant on August 5, 2010. The bankruptcy court determined that the Trustee’s act of filing the underlying adversary complaint fell within the ambit of the following statutory duties: “collect[ing] and reducing] to money the property of the estate” and “investigating] the financial affairs of the debtor.” See 11 U.S.C. § 704(a). The court also noted that there was no evidence that Appellees “physically” seized or wrongfully possessed any property or committed any other ultra vires act. Appellant argues, however, that Trustee Still inevitably acted outside his authority because the property he was attempting to recover was never part of the bankruptcy estate as a matter of law. Appellant also disputes the assertion that there has to be a physical possession or seizure of the property for the act to be considered ultra vires.
This Court agrees with the bankruptcy court’s legal analysis and conclusion that Appellees acted within the scope of their authority. Pursuant to 11 U.S.C. § 704(a), a trustee has a number of statutory duties and those duties include recovering property of the estate and investigating the debtor’s financial affairs. Here, the complaint reveals the Trustee believed a fraud had been committed and was attempting to recover what was believed to be part of the bankruptcy estate. Admittedly, the Trustee’s legal conclusions were incorrect. As explained in the December 16, 2010 Order issued by Bankruptcy Judge Cook and as argued by Appellant, under Tennessee law, Cleveland Auto Mall, LLC would not have been part of the bankruptcy estate (see December 16, 2010 Order at 108-09 (citing Peyton v. Farris (In re Farris),
A trustee should be shielded from liability for his lawful exercises of judgment and discretion, even if, in hindsight, such interpretations of law were incorrect. If immunity applied only to decisions that turned out to be proper, there would be no need for the doctrine of immunity. Here, a determination that the Trustee can be held liable would deter future trustees for fear they could be held liable for every discretionary decision....
With respect to the “seizure” issue, as noted by the bankruptcy court, several of the cases relied upon by Appellant can be distinguished because they primarily in
The parties raise other arguments that this Court will address briefly. Appellant claims Appellees did not seek court approval before filing their complaint and, therefore, should not receive immunity. Although there is case law that states a trustee must not only be acting within the scope of his authority but also pursuant to court order to receive immunity, this Court finds the bankruptcy court did not err in concluding Appellees still acted within the parameters of the doctrine of immunity. First, to the extent a court order is a requirement for immunity to apply, this Court determines the bankruptcy court’s explanation — that Appellees’ filing of the August 5, 2010 complaint is the equivalent of Appellees seeking court approval — is sufficient. As noted earlier, Appellees filed the adversary action for the purpose of recovering the property it believed to be part of the estate and no physical seizure had taken place at that point. Thus, the filing of the complaint was a preliminary act to obtain the court’s approval. When that request was denied — by way of dismissal of the adversary action — Appellees effectively received their answer from the court.
Whether court approval is even required is a separate albeit equally important issue. Many of the cases cited by Appellant are distinguishable because they involve instances where the trustee had to exercise business judgment while “conducting business.” Most significantly, in Mosser v. Darrow,
Appellant also disputes whether the bankruptcy court was justified in granting immunity based on policy grounds. Appellees claim the bankruptcy court justifiably placed considerable weight on the “functional” reasons for granting immunity, such as those noted in In re Heinsohn, particularly the nature of the action, the chilling effect that might occur if trustees cannot get immunity, and the other procedural safeguards that are in place to protect the parties.
As its final argument, Appellant claims the bankruptcy court erred because it did not give Appellant an opportunity to conduct discovery prior to granting immunity. Appellant does not offer any case law to support this proposition. Rather, it claims that, under Rules 12(b)(6) or 12(c) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, all facts and inferences should be drawn in its favor. Because it claims Ap-pellees lacked a legal basis for filing the complaint, Appellant argues it should have been allowed to question Appellees about their motives and the broader circumstances behind the complaint. As properly noted by the bankruptcy court, however, there is a general principle in this Circuit that immunity suits should be resolved as early as possible to prevent the unnecessary expense of conducting discovery, see, e.g., Moore v. Harriman,
After considering the issue raised on appeal by Appellant in this case, this Court concludes the bankruptcy court did not abuse its discretion in dismissing Appellant’s claims against Appellees. Accordingly, this Court AFFIRMS the judgment in the bankruptcy court’s August 12, 2011 Order.
IV. CASE NO. l:ll-CV-320
A. Did the Bankruptcy Court Err when it Denied Appellant’s Motion for Leave to File a State Court Action in Bradley County, Tennessee Pursuant to the “Barton Doctrine?”
Appellant claims the bankruptcy court erred when it dismissed Appellant’s motion for leave to file a state court action in Bradley County, Tennessee against Appellees. The “Barton Doctrine” stands for the principle that a party who seeks to initiate an action against a trustee for acts performed by the trustee in his official capacity and within his authority as an officer of the court must obtain leave from the court if it seeks to do so in a non-appointing forum. Barton v. Barbour,
Appellant claims the Barton Doctrine does not apply because Trustee Still was acting outside of his official capacity when he filed the Bradley County action. It claims the Trustee never obtained an order to sue and he exceeded his authority. Moreover, even if the Barton Doctrine applied, Appellant claims the Trustee’s conduct falls within the “carrying on business” exception. Appellees argue it is relatively clear that the Barton Doctrine applied in this situation and that the exception was inapplicable.
This Court also notes that Appellant failed to demonstrate how Appellees were “carrying on business” so as to make the exception to the Barton Doctrine apply. The Trustee was acting within the scope of his responsibilities when he brought the Bradley County action, which included taking steps to collect, preserve, and administer the assets of the estate. These acts do not fall within the narrow constraints of the “carrying on business” exception to the Barton Doctrine.
In the alternative, Appellant avers the bankruptcy court erred in denying its motion for leave to file in Bradley County because it had established prima facie cases for both the malicious prosecution and abuse of process claims brought against Appellees. As a preliminary matter, however, determining whether to grant or deny leave for a party to sue the trustee in a non-appointing forum is a discretionary decision of the bankruptcy court. In re Kashani,
In determining whether to grant or deny a party’s motion for leave, the bankruptcy court can consider a list of five factors including (1) whether the trustee’s acts “relate to the carrying on of the business connected with the property of the bankruptcy estate”; (2) whether the claims “pertain to actions of the trustee while administering the estate”; (3) whether the claims “involve the individual acting within the scope of his or her authority under the statute or orders of the bankruptcy court, so that the trustee is entitled to quasi-judicial or derived judicial immunity”; (4) whether the movants are “seeking to surcharge the trustee; that is, seeking a judgment against the trustee personally”; and (5) whether the claims deal with “the trustee’s breaching [his] fiduciary duty either through negligent or willful misconduct.” In re Kashani,
Here, the bankruptcy court discussed all five factors and offered adequate and legally supportable reasons justifying its decision to deny Appellant’s motion. For example, the “carrying on business” exception noted earlier is the basis for the first factor, and this Court has already
Finally, in reaching this conclusion, the bankruptcy court briefly discussed the policy interests that would be served by keeping the case in the same forum. For example, the bankruptcy court explained it was already familiar with the case, particularly the array of legal issues arising out of the original bankruptcy matter and the complicated factual background. Moreover, a considerable amount of time and effort has already been expended on this matter by the bankruptcy court. To then grant Appellant’s motion for leave would not promote the interests of judicial economy and would waste scarce judicial resources.
Accordingly, after taking into account all of the considerations noted by the bankruptcy court along with the applicable law, this Court concludes the bankruptcy court did not abuse its discretion in denying Appellant’s motion for leave and determining it was the proper forum to address the claims raised by Appellant.
B. Did the Bankruptcy Court Err when it Denied Appellant’s Motion to Alter, Amend, and/or Otherwise Set Aside the Order Denying Appellant’s Motion for Leave?
Finally, Appellant claims the bankruptcy court improperly dismissed its motion to alter or amend. As a general rule, Rule 59 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure is applicable in the bankruptcy context pursuant to Fed. R. Bankr.P. 9023. Rule 59(e) provides that a court may alter or amend a judgment if there has been “(1) a clear error of law; (2) newly discovered evidence; (3) an intervening change in controlling law; or (4) a need to prevent manifest injustice.” Leisure Caviar, LLC v. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Serv.,
Appellant also filed its motion pursuant to Rule 60, which allows a court to reconsider a judgment on various other grounds such as
(1) mistake, inadvertence, surprise, or excusable neglect;
(2) newly discovered evidence that, with reasonable diligence, could not have been discovered in time to move for a new trial under Rule 59(b);
(3) fraud ... misrepresentation, or misconduct by an opposing party;
(4) the judgment is void;
(5) the judgment has been satisfied, released or discharged; it is based on an earlier judgment that has been reversed or vacated; or applying it prospectively is no longer equitable; or
(6) any other reason that justifies relief.
Fed.R.Civ.P. 60(b). Similar to Rule 59(e) motions, Rule 60(b) motions are reviewed under the abuse of discretion standard. In re J & M Salupo,
Here, the bankruptcy court had discretion to grant Appellant’s motion to alter or amend the judgment, and it chose to deny Appellant’s request. Appellant claims that, after filing several actions and complaints in this case, it discovered Steve McKenzie was an indispensable party; thus, it needed the court to reconsider its earlier judgment for jurisdictional reasons. As noted by the bankruptcy court, however, Appellant failed to specifically identify the factors on which it based its motion for relief under Rule 59 or Rule 60. Moreover, this Court finds that the bankruptcy court properly exercised its discretion in concluding no other reasons justified granting Appellant’s motion to alter or amend. For example, Appellant’s realization that Mr. McKenzie might be an indispensable party was not “newly discovered evidence” or a “surprise.” Moreover, denying Appellant’s motion would not result in a manifest injustice, especially since the bankruptcy court explained it would be addressing many of these same issues, such as whether Mr. McKenzie was an indispensable party along with the jurisdictional issues, when it addressed Appellant’s motion for remand. Finally, this Court notes that the bankruptcy court properly decided that none of the other Rule 59 or 60(b) factors was satisfied. Accordingly, in the absence of sufficient grounds to support Appellant’s motion, this Court concludes the bankruptcy court did not abuse its discretion in denying Appellant’s motion to alter or amend.
This Court AFFIRMS the judgments in the bankruptcy court’s August 5, 2011 Order and the September 27, 2011 Order.
Y. CASE NO. l:ll-CV-346
A. Did the Bankruptcy Court Err in Concluding, as a Matter of Law and Without Allowing Appellant to Conduct any Discovery, that Appellees were Entitled to Immunity from Appellant’s Claims?
In this matter, Appellant raises arguments that largely resemble those made in l:ll-CV-258. That is, Appellant argues Appellees were not entitled to immunity because they acted outside the scope of their authority and failed to obtain approval from the bankruptcy court before acting. The conduct at issue in this matter, however, involves the Trustee’s filing of a complaint to recover “files, documents, records, and related documents believed to have be[en] in the possession of Appellant”
This Court agrees with the bankruptcy court’s conclusion that the Trustee was acting within the scope of his authority and is therefore entitled to immunity. The Trustee has a statutory duty to “collect and reduce to money the property of the estate” and “investigate the financial affairs of the debtor.” 11 U.S.C. § 704. Moreover, the Trustee has authority to bring a turnover action to get the court to order an attorney to turn over and disclose documents “relating to the debtor’s property or financial affairs.” 11 U.S.C. § 542(e).
Moreover, there is ample case law that a trustee enjoys immunity when acting pursuant to a court order or statute. See Sergent,
B. Did the Bankruptcy Court Err in Determining that Appellant had not Sufficiently Pleaded Claims of Malicious Prosecution and Abuse of Process?
1. Malicious Prosecution
Appellant submits the bankruptcy court improperly dismissed its claim for malicious prosecution. A malicious prosecution claim under Tennessee law requires that the following three elements be met: “(1) a prior suit or judicial proceeding was brought against plaintiff without probable cause, (2) defendant brought such prior action with malice, and (3) the prior action was finally terminated in favor of plaintiff.” Christian v. Lapidus,
This Court concludes the bankruptcy court did not abuse its discretion in dismissing Appellant’s malicious prosecution claim. Admittedly, this Court recognizes that the 12(b)(6) standard under the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure is extremely deferential to plaintiffs. Nonetheless, to have a plausible claim for relief a plaintiff must “plead[ ] factual content that allows the court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged.” Twombly,
Because the Trustee had a legal basis for seeking to obtain the documents at issue, Appellant’s allegation that the Trustee lacked probable cause cannot be established. Moreover, that the Trustee had probable cause also means there can be no presumption of malice. See Hill v. White,
2. Abuse of Process
Appellant also asserts that its abuse of process claim was improperly dismissed by the bankruptcy court. To establish an abuse of process claim, a plaintiff must show “(1) the existence of an ulterior motive; and (2) an act in the use of process other than such as would be proper in the regular prosecution of the charge.” Priest v. Union Agency,
Again, although the factual statements in Appellant’s complaint should be treated as true for purposes of Fed. R.Civ.P. 12(b)(6), Appellant has not pleaded sufficient facts to demonstrate that Ap-pellees improperly used the court’s process after filing the complaint for the turnover of the documents at issue. As noted earlier, the bankruptcy court properly concluded that the Trustee had a legal basis for filing the complaint against Appellant to compel the turnover of the documents. That Appellant had to then participate in various depositions, proceedings, and a pre-trial conference related to the matter as alleged in the complaint is nothing other than part of the normal procedure for parties engaging in a legal dispute. Appellant’s complaint fails to allege any other facts that the Trustee engaged in acts outside of what should be the ordinary use of process. Accordingly, Appellant has failed to sufficiently plead facts to demonstrate the second element of its abuse of process claim can be met, and the bankruptcy court did not err in concluding Appellant’s abuse of process claim should be dismissed pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6).
Accordingly, the Court AFFIRMS the judgment in the bankruptcy court’s September 30, 2011 Order.
VI. CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, this Court AFFIRMS the judgment of the bankruptcy court in l:ll-CV-258; AFFIRMS the judgment of the bankruptcy court in 1:11— CV-320; and AFFIRMS the judgment of the bankruptcy court in l:ll-CV-346. As no further matters remain for adjudication, the Clerk of Court is directed to CLOSE these three cases.
Notes
. The factual background comes from information in the documents and exhibits filed by the parties unless otherwise noted.
. In this case, the term ''Appellees” is used in reference to the Banks Defendants, the Leroy Defendants, and the Trustee.
. In this case, the term “Appellees” is used in reference to Steve A. McKenzie and the Trustee.
. In this case, the term "Appellees” is used in reference to the Leroy Defendants and the Trustee.
. Appellant has not specifically appealed the application of the Trustee’s immunity to his counsel. However, "as a matter of law, counsel for trustee, court appointed officers who represent the estate, are the functional equivalent of a trustee, where as here, they act at the direction of the trustee and for the purpose of administering the estate or protecting its assets.” Allard v. Weitzman (In re DeLorean Motor Co.),
. In concluding the trustee was entitled to absolute immunity, the court in In re Hein-sohn applied the "functional” approach advocated by the United States Supreme Court. In particular, it considered “the nature of the functions with which a particular official or class of officials has been lawfully entrusted” as well as "the effect that exposure to particular forms of liability would likely have on the appropriate exercise of those functions.” In re Heinsohn,
. The Barton Doctrine has also been extended to include counsel representing the trustee. See Allard, v. Weitzman (In re DeLorean Motor Co.),
. Although Appellant claims the Trustee brought his complaint pursuant to 11 U.S.C. § 542(a) not 542(e), this does not mean 11 U.S.C. § 542(e) does not apply. This Court agrees with the bankruptcy court's determination that the pleading was sufficient to give Appellant notice of the claims and grounds for the complaint even without explicitly mentioning § 542(e). Moreover, the factual allegations do broadly reference 11 U.S.C. § 541 and § 542 in support of the complaint, which led the bankruptcy court to ultimately conclude that § 542(e) was relevant to the Trustee's claims in his complaint.
. As a final argument, Appellant argues the bankruptcy court dismissed its complaint without considering that the complaint provided for "such other appropriate relief to which GKH may be entitled” (Court File No. 1-3 at 17). However, Appellant failed to offer sufficient information regarding these unidentified causes of action to necessitate that the bankruptcy court address them prior to dismissing the action. This Court concludes the bankruptcy court did not err in determining Appellant's failure to state a plausible claim with respect to its two state law claims was grounds for dismissal of the complaint.