| Idaho | Dec 16, 1916
This is an application for a writ of habeas corpus by the mother of Esther Lovejoy, a minor child, now about 3 years old, who, it is alleged in the petition for the writ, is unlawfully restrained of her liberty by Henry and Lilla Y. Rogers, husband and wife, of Canyon county, and the Children’s Home Finding and Aid Society of Idaho.
It appears from the petition that in the spring of 1915, Fletcher and E'va Lovejoy, then husband and wife, were living together in the city of Pocatello with their family, of which the minor child Esther was a member; that Fletcher Lovejoy failed and neglected to provide his family with the necessaries of life, due to the fact that he was an habitual drunkard. One W. L. Hurlbert, a citizen of Pocatello, in the latter part of March, 1915, filed a petition with the probate court of Bannock county, in which it was alleged that Fletcher
Thereafter Eva Lovejoy removed with said child to Boise, where she found a home with her parents and the grandparents of her minor child. The child was at no time delivered into the custody of the Children’s Home Finding and Aid Society; neither did that society at any time exercise control over the child.
On or about the 14th day of March, 1916, while the child, with the permission of its mother, was temporarily visiting with Henry and Lilla V. Rogers, of Canyon county, the probate judge of Bannock county, without the knowledge or consent of EYa Lovejoy, mother of the child, modified its former decree, wherein the custody of the child was given to its mother, Eva Lovejoy, and committed the child unconditionally to the Children’s Home Finding and Aid Society of Idaho.
On or about the 20th day of March, 1916, while the child, with the consent of its mother, was still visiting with Henry and Lilla V. Rogers, they, without the knowledge or consent of its mother, filed their petition for adoption of the minor
From the petition it appears that Eva Lovejoy, mother of Esther, was not notified or present at the hearing had before the probate judge of Bannock county, when the latter order was made by that court unconditionally depriving her of the care and custody of her minor child; neither was she present or served with notice of the hearing had before the. probate court of Canyon county when that court entered its decree whereby Esther Lovejoy was unconditionally surrendered to the care and custody of Henry and Lilla Y. Rogers.
It further appears from the petition that on or about the 15th day of February, 1916, Eva Lovejoy filed her complaint in the district court in and for Ada county, praying for a decree of divorce from Fletcher Lovejoy upon the ground that he was an habitual drunkard and had been guilty of extreme cruelty toward her. In the complaint she also prayed for the custody of their minor child, Esther. Summons was thereupon duly issued and service made on Fletcher Lovejoy on the 8th day of April, 1916, and thereafter a decree of divorce was awarded to Eva Lovejoy, upon the grounds alleged in her ’complaint. The trial court, in addition to granting the decree of divorce, awarded the custody of the minor child, Esther, to its mother, with the proviso that said minor child had not theretofore been, legally adopted.
It also appears that EVa Lovejoy, since the granting of the decree of divorce, has remarried to one Elza Martin. In her
The foregoing are substantially the facts as they appear in the petition and are admitted to be true by the answer, but it Is contended that, even admitting the allegation to be true, they are insufficient to warrant this court in granting the relief prayed for.
We have carefully considered the briefs and authorities submitted by counsel who appear on behalf of the petitioner, and the briefs and authorities cited by counsel who appear in opposition to the issuance of the writ of habeas corpus, and we have reached the conclusion, upon the showing made that it will not be necessary for us at this time to construe the act of the legislature found in the Session Laws of 1909, at page 38 (House Bill No. 267), and the amendment thereto (Sess. Laws 1911, c. 185, p. 614), and, as urged by counsel for the petitioner, to 'determine the constitutionality of certain provisions of the law conferring power upon probate judges in this state in the matter of the protection of neglected children, and authorizing their commitment to charitable societies, or the power given to such charitable societies under the provisions of the laws of this state to permanently deprive parents of the care and custody of their minor children, in order to determine the validity of the proceedings had touching the matter of the adoption of the child, Esther.
Reverting to the proceedings had before the probate court of Bannock county, and, for the purposes of this hearing, conceding that the proceedings were regular up to and including the order made on or about the month of March, 1915, where by its decree the probate court surrendered the custody of the minor child Esther to its mother “pending the good conduct and ability to care for said child by its mother,” it is quite
It would be an anomaly for this court to sustain the action of a probate court in a matter of this kind, where it appeared that the mother was not within the jurisdiction of the court and received no notice of the modification of its decree, depriving her of the custody of her minor child, without an opportunity to be heard in her own defense. From the facts appearing in the petition in this case we are able to reach but one conclusion, which is that the action on the part of the probate court of Bannock county was without jurisdiction and absolutely void.
It necessarily follows that if the action of the probate court of Bannock county was void, the Children’s Home Finding and Aid Society of Idaho had no authority to consent to the adoption of the child by Henry and Lilla Y. Rogers of Canyon county. The child never having been legally surrendered to, or placed in the care and custody of, the Children’s Home Finding and Aid Society, that society was clearly without authority to exercise any right or control over it, or to legally act as its guardian and thereby consent to its adoption.
We come now to a consideration of the proceedings had in the probate court of Canyon county. These proceedings, as appears from the petition, were had without the knowledge or consent either of Fletcher Lovejoy or Eva Lovejoy, parents of Esther, and neither consented, in writing or otherwise, to the adoption of their minor child by Henry and Lilla Y.
The matter of primary importance in a proceeding of this character is the future welfare and best interests of the minor child, which, under the facts and circumstances of this case, deserves careful consideration and diligent inquiry.
Parents should not be permanently deprived of the custody of their children and the right to act as their legal guardians, even when, under certain circumstances, the custody of the children must be temporarily surrendered, except in strict accordance with the statutes and under circumstances which fully warrant such drastic action.
Sec. 5747, Rev. Codes, provides that: “Either the father or mother of a minor child, being themselves respectively competent to transact their own business, and not otherwise unsuitable, must be entitled to the guardianship of the minor.”
While either of the parents are competent, and not unsuitable, they are absolutely entitled to the guardianship of their minor children, and the surrender of this legal right must be made in accordance with the statutes, and the proceedings therein prescribed.
We have reached the conclusion that upon the showing made in the petition, which is not denied, the writ of habeas corpus ought to issue, and it is so ordered.
In view of the fact that the last proceedings had with reference to the adoption of the minor child, Esther, were had in Canyon county, and the validity of such proceedings may be involved in the hearing upon the return to the writ of habeas corpus, as well as the question of whether or not Eva Martin is a fit and proper person to have the future care and custody of her minor child, which should, in our judgment, be carefully inquired into, the writ will issue to Henry and Lilla Y.