256 F. 819 | 9th Cir. | 1919
(after stating the facts as above). Appellant contends that, having placed the attachments within four months of the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, and m> trial upon the issue of bankruptcy having been had, and no adjudication in bankruptcy having been made, the liens of attachment remain valid, and that therefore he is entitled to proceed in the state court to the enforcement thereof; while appellee takes the position that, under the Bankruptcy Act and the amendment, the court having confirmed an offer of composition by the bankrupt debtor, the liens of attachment were discharged.
A composition being one of the methods of procedure open to a bankrupt, he may tender certain sums to his creditors. The sums tendered are regarded as the equivalent of the assets which would be obtained by regularly proceeding according to the more usual bankruptcy methods. Creditors may accept or reject the offer. If they accept, the matter is submitted to the court, and after inquiry into the regularity of the proceedings and whether they are for the best interests of creditors, the effect of the proposed offer upon creditors who have not assented to the offer, and into the good faith of the offer and acceptance, the court may confirm the composition. If it so orders, the status becomes fixed by section 14c of the Bankruptcy Act of July 1, 1898, c. 541, 30 Stat. 550 (Comp. St. § 9598), which provides:
“Tbe confirmation of a composition shall discharge the bankrupt from his debts, other than those agreed to be paid by the terms of the composition and those not affected by a discharge.”
Prior to the amendment of 1910 (Act June 25, 1910, c. 412, 36 Stat. 838) it was held that a bankrupt before adjudication could not effect a composition with his creditors. But by the act of 1910 he—
“may offer, either before or after adjudication, terms of composition to his creditors. * * * • In compositions before adjudication, the bankrupt shall file the required schedules, and thereupon the court shall call a meeting of creditors for the allowance of claims, examination of the bankrupt, and preservation or conduct of estates, at which meeting the judge or referee shall*821 preside, and action upon the petition ior adjudication shall be delayed until it shall he determined whether such composition shall be confirmed.” Remington on Bankruptcy, §§ 2354%, 2854%-
Inasmuch, as a confirmation before as well as after adjudication discharges the bankrupt from his debts, other than those not affected by a discharge, it is but reasonable to hold that all liens incident to the debts from which the bankrupt is discharged are also discharged. This view is strengthened by considering section 70 f of the Bankruptcy Act (Comp. St. § 9654), which provides that—
“Upon the confirmation of a composition offered by a bankrupt, the title to his property shall thereupon revest in him.”
It would not be consistent with the right to be reinvested with property that tire amount of attachment liens should be considered and provided for in the orders of the court with respect to the composition. It is of common experience that often bankruptcy proceedings are brought because a creditor has sued and levied attachment in the state court. Under such conditions, where voluntary bankruptcy proceedings are begun, if it were the duty of the United States court sitting in bankruptcy, when it hears evidence upon an offer of composition, to'deduct the amount of the liens in attachment from the gross value of the assets of the bankrupt, the order of confirmation’ would not operate to discharge the bankrupt from all debts other than those agreed to be paid by the terms of the composition and those not affected by the discharge. But that the effect of a composition is to restore the estate to the bankrupt free from all his debts provable and dischargeable in bankruptcy, and to distribute among his creditors the amount the bankrupt is required to pay, is well established by the decisions of the courts. Sturges v. Crowninshield, 4 Wheat. 122, 194, 4 L. Ed. 529; Harrison v. Sterry, 5 Cranch, 289, 301, 3 L. Ed. 104; Cumberland Glass Co. v. De Witt, 237 U. S. 447, 35 Sup. Ct. 636, 59 L. Ed. 1042; 7 Corpus Juris, p. 346. See, also, Brandenburg on Bankruptcy, § 1233; Black on Bankruptcy, § 660. In Miller v. MacKenzie et al., 13 Nat. B. R. 496, 43 Md. 404, 20 Am. Rep. 111, the Court of Appeals of Maryland held that the operation of an assignment in bankruptcy in reference to an attachment was to arrest all proceedings under it — to dissolve it. In Smith Stebbins & Co. v. B. Engle et al., 4 N. B. R. 481, 44 Iowa, 265, a case very close to the one under consideration, the Supreme Court of Iowa held that the debt of the attaching creditors was extinguished by the composition under the Bankruptcy Act, and that the attachment “of course falls to the ground.” Corner v. Mallory, 31 Md. 468.
Affirmed.
