| N.Y. App. Div. | Jul 1, 1903
Lead Opinion
On the 1st day of January, 1898, the relator was appointed a patrolman in the police department. He continued in the department in that capacity until April 17, 1901, when Police Commissioner Murphy made the following order: “ Ordered, that William J. Lahey, of the Central Office Squad, be and is hereby appointed as a detective sergeant, and assigned to duty in the Detective Bureau as such.” At the time of making the order the law authorizing it was section 290 of the charter (Laws of 1897, chap. 378) as amended by chapter 466 of the Laws of 1901. It is not necessary that we
Therein it was held that the amendment to section 290, which attempted to change the tenure of the position of detective sergeant from one existing during the pleasure of the commissioner of police to one subject to the rules and regulations applicable to positions in the police department, and providing that the force of detective sergeants should consist in part of those holding such positions on April 1,1901, constituted a violation of section 2 of article 10 of the Constitution of the State; that the position of detective sergeant was a' city office which existed prior to the adoption of the Constitution, and that, therefore, the act in effect attempted to appoint these persons to such position, and was, therefore, void. The court further held that a patrolman detailed to duty as a detective sergeant under the provisions of the charter did not constitute such detail a promotion in the department, as regulated by section 288, but was an appointment to a distinct rank of service, and while held by the patrolman thus detailed entitled such officer to increased pay, but did not change his status as patrolman in the service of the city. Immediately following this decision the defendant made an order relieving the relator from the performance of his duties as a detective sergeant and remanded him to the performance of duties as a patrolman in the city. Thereupon the relator sued out this writ for the purpose of compelling the defendant to revoke the last-named order and reinstate the relator to the office and rank of detective sergeant. Such application having been denied, the relator by appeal brings, the proceeding into this court.
It is now claimed by the relator that the amendment to section-290 of the charter is to be construed as a continuation of the original act, and as constituting a single, general and entire scheme; that the statute, as amended, applied to all persons appointed under its provisions in office when it went into effect, in precisely the same manner in which it applied to those appointed after the date specified when it should go into effect; that the amendment, so far as it relates to officers appointed either before or after the passage of the act, protects, them in the position and they can only be reduced in rank in the manner provided therein; that such provision is in
We think this contention necessarily overlooks the essential features of our former decision. Therein it was held that the relator’s appointment was not to an office, distinct and separate from . his position as a patrolman, but that it was a mere detail of such patrolman to the performance of a particular duty. If it had been otherwise, then the act of assigning to duty would not have been a detail to particular service, but would have been either an appointment to a new office or a promotion to a higher rank in the service. We held that it did not constitute a promotion in the service for the reason that the charter provisions did not provide therefor, and did not contemplate promotion therein, the only provision being that a bureau of detective sergeants should be maintained, the force of which should be constituted by appointment of patrolmen in such number and at such times as should be necessary to render the bureau efficient and while performing such duty they should be called by a particular name and receive a particular compensation. (See p. 294.) Had such assignment to duty been an appointment to a new office, or a promotion in the service, then both the court and the relator would have been confronted with the constitutional provision relating to the civil service of the State, the statutes and rules passed pursuant thereto, and thereunder the contention of the civil service commissioners in refusing to place the relator upon the payroll at a compensation which his assignment authorized would necessarily have been sustained. It being neither the one nor the other, but only a detail of service as a patrolman, the court sustained
The whole scheme of the amendment not only provided for the appointment of particular individuals to office, but it also provided in furtherance of such scheme for their retention in the particular position in which they were placed. If they could only be removed from this detail of service upon charges for dereliction of duty, then it necessarily follows that their tenure in the position would be as certain and secure as would the tenure of an officer in any other position known to the civil service of the State. They would in the first place be inducted into the office without compliance with the Civil Service Law of the State under the theory of a detail of service, and being once in, protected therein from removal,,except upon charges preferred and sustained by proof. Such a result would work a clear evasion of the law governing the civil service, nullify its provisions and wrong every individual in such service eligible to such position by virtue of its provisions. It would also present the anomaly of relator’s occupying two separate and independent positions at the same time, from neither of which could he be removed, except upon charges and a trial. If he should be tried upon charges and removed as a patrolman his status as a detective sergeant would not be affected thereby, and if he was removed as a detective sergeant he would still remain as a patrolman if this contention be upheld. Manifestly such a condition cannot exist.
Our former decision is necessarily decisive and controlling of the relator’s status as a patrolman. If he is not such, then the whole basis of the decision falls, and if that part of the act be sustained which provides a particular method of removal when once detailed to this duty he is protected therein, and by indirection is appointed to an office, permanent in its tenure, as certainly as though he were named and placed therein as an original appointment. The amendment is not severable into parts, whereby one part may be saved and the other condemned. To the extent that it classifies certain persons and puts them into the position, thereby creating an office and a permanent tenure, it is void under the restrictions of the Constitution to which we have called attention. When it provides that the patrolmen who are detailed to duty therein shall only be removed in the event of dereliction of duty upon charges and a
It necessarily follows, therefore, that the order appealed from should be affirmed, with fifty dollars costs and disbursements.
Van Brunt, P. J., Patterson and Ingraham, JJ., concurred; Laughlin, J., dissented.
Dissenting Opinion
I dissent on the grounds stated in my dissenting memorandum in Matter of Fay v. Partridge (78 A.D. 204" court="N.Y. App. Div." date_filed="1903-07-01" href="https://app.midpage.ai/document/in-re-fay-5192603?utm_source=webapp" opinion_id="5192603">78 App. Div. 204).
Order affirmed, with fifty dollars costs and disbursements.