151 Minn. 45 | Minn. | 1921
Certiorari to the soldiers bonus board of review to determine the validity of the order denying the application of relator, John E. Hunt, for a soldier’s bonus.
The petition and return show that relator was a citizen and resident of this state when war with Germany was declared. On June 5, 1917, he registered, stating on the registration card that he contemplated marriage soon. He was married June 16, 1917. On January 8, 1918, he complied with the draft regulations in respect to his questionnaire. All answers therein appear to have been true. He gave the date of his marriage and designated his wife as his dependent. She made oath to the supporting affidavit of the questionnaire. In response to the question how much the dependent had earned during the 12 months preceding, he stated that she was a dressmaker and earned $2.50 per day intermittently during the 5^ months of the 12. The questionnaire contained a space where the registrant might designate which one of the 5 classifications he
“The word 'soldier’, as used in this act, shall not be construed to mean, and shall not include any person who, at any time during the period of the war with Germany, sought to avoid service because of conscientious objections thereto, or because of alienage, or who has been at any time guilty of fraud or violation or evasion of the Selective Service Act or of the rules or regulations of the War Department in force thereunder * * * No person shall be deemed to have attempted to evade the Selective Service Act who claimed exemption on the ground of marriage, which' marriage occurred after being rejected for enlistment or induction into the military or naval, service subsequent to April 6, 1917.” Laws 1919 [Ex. Sess.] p. 74, c. 49, § 4, as amended by Laws 1921, p. 774, chapter 471.
The return to the writ clearly shows that the application of relator was rejected solely because the documents attached to the return in the opinion of the bonus board and the board of review showed a violation, fraud, or evasion of the rules and regulations of the war department promulgated under the Selective Service Act of May 18, 1917. In this we deem that both the bonus board and the board of review misconstrued our bonus acts. Evasion was found from the simple fact that relator married after war was declared and then in his questionnaire claimed to be placed in class 4, whereas the local draft board placed him in class 1. There is nothing in the selective service act which forbids marriage or which exempts a married person from service. The only language therein, even remotely bearing on the subject is that the President is authorized to exempt or exclude from the selective draft, among others:
No rules or regulations in force when relator married contained any caution against registrants marrying. And the only matter bearing on the subject when relator made his questionnaire is found in the rules and regulations promulgated by the war department under authority of the President on November 8, 1917. Therein are several pages on the subject of classification on account of dependency. It is quite patent that the authorities promulgating these rules never intended that the registrant, when given the opportunity to claim a class, should do so at the peril of being branded a violator or evader in case he did not claim the one which the local draft board thought proper. The rule referred to is rule 5 in section 72, Part 55, Classification Rules and Principles, which reads:
“On May 18, 1917, every person subject to registration had notice of his obligation to render military service to his country. The purpose of the Selective Service Law was not to suspend the institution of marriage among registrants, but boards should scrutinize marriages since May 18, 1917, and especially those hastily effected since that time, to determine whether the marriage relation was entered into with a primary view of evading military service and unless such is found not to be the case boards are hereby authorized to disregard the relationship so established as a condition of dependency requiring deferred classification under these regulations.”
In the case of relator the local draft board was not asked to determine whether or not he married with the primary view of evading military service, and thé record made by that board clearly shows that it did not do so, but placed relator in class 1 because rule 5 permitted that, whenever no determination was asked or made in respect to the primary purpose in then entering marriage, for rule 33 found in section 101 of said rules and regulations is: “The local board shall, in every case, indorse upon the questionnaire in the place provided (page 16) a minute of its decision and the reasons for the classification on all grounds of classification within the juris
Had there been a determination by the local draft board upon the subject of the primary purpose of relator in marrying when he did, it might have been accepted, at least, as prima facie evidence of his purpose by the bonus board and the board of review. But we take it these boards were required to. ascertain the facts de novo. The legislature must have known that the mere classification by the local draft boards of a registrant did not pass on the question whether he had violated or evaded any rule or regulation of the war department in filling out his questionnaire. Furthermore, it was well known that local draft boards classified arbitrarily and without hearing or consideration where the registrant did no more to urge his claim to a deferred classification than answer the pertinent questions and indicate his desire in his questionnaire. The legislature also knew that the rules in respect to classification because of dependency received anything but uniform interpretation at the hands of the different local draft boards. In yiew of these well known facts, and others which, under the stress of war, prevented a just, fair and equal treatment of registrants by the local draft boards, no matter how well intentioned, the legislature, no doubt, deliberately specified in the bonus act that the bonus board and the board of review were to hear evidence and ascertain the status of the applicant as a soldier without regard.to what the local draft board had determined. We conclude that, in the present case, insofar as either of these boards accepted as ajfact that the local draft board’s action indicated that relator was -not entitled to the bonus, there was error.
We also think the respondent, as well' as the bonus board, misconstrued the bonus law in holding that the fact of marriage after war was declared and the claim for a deferred classification because of the dependency of the wife, without more, consituted a violation, fraud or evasion which defeats the claim of an honorably discharged soldier to a bonus. The record clearly shows that such miscon
In behalf of respondent, it is argued that the amendment added in 1921 reading: “No person shall be deemed to have attempted to evade the Selective Service Act who claimed the exemption on the ground of marriage, which marriage occurred after being rejected for enlistment or induction into the military or naval sendee subsequent to April 6, 1917", indicates that no one who married subsequent to the date mentioned, April 6, 1917, and claimed exemption, is entitled to the benefit of the bonus law, unless he had been
The bonus law cannot well be ascribed to a less worthy motive than the desire of a grateful people to partially reimburse the soldier for the pecuniary loss his service entailed and as an expression of appreciation for the great risk he faced. With such a motive it is unthinkable that the legislature meant to exclude any one from the benefits of this law who, perchance, misinterpreted some rule or regulation which neither worked a- fraud nor amounted to a violation or evasion of the service he actually did perform. It is a remedial statute and should be liberally construed in favor of the intended beneficiaries.
Findings of -fact of boards of this character are conclusive in cer-tiorari, unless it is made to appear that a wrong principle of law has applied or there has been a demonstrable mistake of fact. We think The record here indicates clearly that, had correct principles of law been applied to the undisputed facts, relator’s petition for the bonus would have been granted. The respondent board should have heard the evidence wMch relator desired to offer and then determined the question independently of the supposed action of the local draft board.
The order and determination of the respondent board is vacated and relator’s application or petition remitted to respondent for hearing and determination.