Respondent father, Billy Joe Hansen, appeals as of right the trial court order terminating his parental rights to the minor child pursuant to MCL 712A.19b(3)(c)(i) and (h). We affirm. This appeal has been decided without oral argument pursuant to MCR 7.214(E).
Genevieve Hansen was bom October 18, 2007, to Amber Teschler and respondent. Genevieve was Amber’s seventh child. At the time of Genevieve’s birth, Amber had previously lost custody, either temporarily or permanently, of her other six children. At the time of Genevieve’s birth, respondent was Genevieve’s putative father. He established paternity during the trial court proceedings.
Fifteen days after Genevieve’s birth, Amber was arrested on drug charges. Respondent was unable to care for Genevieve following her mother’s arrest because he had been arrested three months earlier and was in jail awaiting trial on a number of felony traffic charges. Consequently, Amber suggested that Genevieve be placed with respondent’s sister and brother-in-law, Kelly and Paul Woroniak, with whom she remains to this day.
Respondent subsequently pleaded guilty to two counts of operating a motor vehicle while intoxicated, thereby causing death, and was sentenced on June 12, 2008, to two consecutive terms of 7 to 15 years of imprisonment, with 309 days’ credit. He remained in prison throughout these proceedings. His earliest release date is August 7, 2021, when Genevieve will be 13 years of age.
The initial petition seeking court jurisdiction of Genevieve and requesting termination of her mother’s parental rights was submitted to the court on November 5, 2007. On December 12, 2007, petitioner, the Department of Human Services, withdrew the initial request for termination of the mother’s parental rights and the mother entered a plea of admission to parts of the petition. A case plan was put into effect at the dispositional hearing on January 9, 2008. After some initial progress, Amber left the county, went to Mt. Clemens, Michigan, for a short period, and then moved to Ohio. Amber subsequently provided no verification of compliance with the case service plan and from June 12, 2008, until the termination hearing on December 16, 2008, had no contact with Genevieve. Following the termination hearing on December 16, 2008, the trial court terminated the parental rights of both parents. Amber has not appealed the termination of her parental rights.
Respondent’s parental rights were terminated pursuant to MCL 712A.19b(3)(c)(i) (conditions that led to
the adjudication continue to exist and
In order to terminate parental rights, the trial court must find that at least one of the statutory grounds for termination set forth in MCL 712A.19b(3) has been proven by clear and convincing evidence.
In re Sours Minors,
Although not challenged on appeal, the termination of respondent’s parental rights was proper under MCL 712A.19b(3)(c)(i) because the conditions that led to the adjudication continue to exist and there is no reasonable likelihood that they will be rectified within a reasonable time. At the time of adjudication, respondent was imprisoned and could not care for Genevieve while Amber was in jail, thus necessitating court involvement to provide for Genevieve’s care and custody. At the time of the termination hearing, over 12 years remained of respondent’s minimum sentence. Because of his lengthy prison sentence, respondent will not be able to provide proper care and custody for his child within a reasonable time. Thus, the termination of respondent’s parental rights under MCL 712A.19b(3)(c)(i) was proper.
The termination of respondent’s parental rights was also proper under MCL 712A.19b(3)(h). Genevieve will be deprived of a normal home with respondent for a period far exceeding two years, because respondent’s earliest release date is not until 2021, when Genevieve will be 13 years old. Also, respondent has not provided for her proper care and custody, nor is there any reasonable expectation that he will be able to do so within a reasonable time considering her tender age. 1
Respondent does not contest the length of his future incarceration, but challenges termination under this ground on the basis that he provided proper care and custody of his child while he was incarcerated. The record does not support this assertion. Respondent was incarcerated on August 6, 2007, two months before Genevieve’s birth. Because respondent has remained incarcerated, he has never directly provided care for
Finally, in the course of arguing that termination is not mandatory, even if a statutory ground for termination were proven, respondent briefly argues that the trial court erred by noting that no evidence had been offered that termination was contrary to the child’s best interests rather than by affirmatively finding that termination was in the child’s best interests, as required by MCL 712A.19b(5), as amended by
Before July 11, 2008, MCL 712A.19b(5) read as follows:
If the court finds that there are grounds for termination of parental rights, the court shall order termination of parental rights and order that additional efforts for reunification of the child with the parent not he made, unless the court finds that termination of parental rights to the child is clearly not in the child’s best interests.
Interpreting that statute, we held in
In re Gazella,
Since July 11, 2008, termination of parental rights may occur only if the court finds a statutory ground for termination and finds that the termination of parental rights is in the child’s best interests. If the court so finds, termination is mandatory and not permissive (“[T]he court shall order termination of parental rights and order that additional efforts for reunification of the child with the parent not be made.” MCL 712A.19b[5].). In the case of Genevieve Hansen, instead of applying the current statutory standard, the court stated that “there’s been no showing made here today that it is contrary to the best interest of Genevieve Hansen and that Mr. Bill Hansen’s rights should not be terminated. The record is silent to that.”
While the court clearly erred in applying the wrong best-interests test, we conclude that the court’s error does not require reversal under the facts of this case. First, respondent did not properly preserve the best-interests determination for appellate review by timely objection in the trial court, nor did he raise the issue in the statement of questions presented in his brief. “As a general rule, issues that are not properly raised before a trial court
We find the error to be harmless. MCR 2.613(A) provides that a trial court’s error in issuing a ruling or order, or an error in the proceedings, is not grounds for this Court to reverse or otherwise disturb the judgment or order, unless this Court believes that failure to do so would be inconsistent with substantial justice. In this case, we believe substantial justice is served by affirming the decision of the circuit court. Although the court did not affirmatively find that termination of respondent’s parental rights would be in the child’s best interests, the record is replete with evidence that would justify that finding, had the court applied the correct standard. Respondent has never had custody of the child; the child has been in the custody of her paternal aunt and uncle for all of her life, save the first 15 days; while there were a few in-jail visits when the child was very young, no bond exists between the child and respondent; the aunt and uncle wish to adopt the child and give her permanence; and, although there was no evidence offered in the termination hearing that termination of respondent’s rights would be contrary to the child’s best interests, there was evidence admitted that termination would be in the child’s best interests. Finally, if termination were not ordered, the child could be returned to respondent at age 13 at the soonest and, if he is not released at his earliest release date, the child could well be an adult before he is released. To live in limbo, wondering when she may be taken from the only family she has ever known and be placed with respondent when he is released, would be a substantial injustice to the child. She needs and deserves the permanency that termination of her parents’ rights and her subsequent adoption can give her.
Affirmed.
Notes
Even if termination were not proper under MCL 712A.19b(3)(h), we would find that a statutory ground had been proven because respondent did not contest the termination of his parental rights under MCL 712A. 19b (3) (c) (¿) on appeal. Only one statutory ground needs to be proven in order to terminate parental rights.
In re McIntyre,