189 F. 37 | 2d Cir. | 1911
(after stating the facts as above).
“A person shall be punished, by imprisonment for a period not to exceed two years, upon conviction of the offense of having knowingly and fraudulently (1) concealed while a bankrupt, or after his discharge, from his trustee any property belonging to his estate in bankruptcy.”
Several specifications were assigned which were found in favor of the bankrupt, others were not passed on by the special commissioner and still others were abandoned. Those which wei-e found against ' the bankrupt and which are now in controversy are as follows:
“First. — That the bankrupt, knowingly and fraudulently concealed, etc., from her trustee property belonging to her estate. * * * (b) Her furniture, enumerated in a bill of sale made by bankrupt to said Raphael, now in her iwssession, subject to no lien, (c) $81,688.25 cash, amount of a judgment recovered by James Allison against the New York Life Insurance Company for the value of the interior furnishing of the Victoria Theater, which property has been conveyed by the bankrupt to one Amanda Lissner, by whom it was conveyed to said Allison, the said transfers being colorable only and the said sum still being part of the bankrupt’s estate.”
The question, then, is whether the bankrupt in October, 1901, after her petition was filed, committed the offense, punishable by imprisonment, of having knowingly and fraudulently concealed from her trustee property belonging to her estate?
The commissioner prefaces a carefully prepared review of the facts bearing upon the two specifications sustained by him with the following statement:
“The testimony as to these transactions is voluminous, -involved and more or less conflicting, but upon careful perusal seems to me to establish substantially the following facts.”
He also says regarding the principal transaction of which fraud is predicated:
“It is possible that these transactions may have been in good faith and that other parties, namely the Ilammerstein Amusement Company and Allison may have taken the opportunity to benefit themselves at the expense of the bankrupt.”
In both of these statements the commissioner is correct. The evidence, undoubtedly, is conflicting and it is possible to draw therefrom a conclusion that the bankrupt has not committed the offense charged. It will serve no useful purpose to discuss the testimony in detail.
It must be remembered that this is not a proceeding to.set aside a fraudulent conveyance. It may be assumed that all of the transfers were fraudulent as to creditors and it would not, under the bankruptcy law of 1898, prevent a discharge. The foundation of the charge is concealment of the bankrupt’s property. If the bankrupt has conveyed it, no matter how fraudulently, so that he has lost all right, title and interest therein, it is not a concealment under the provision of the act referred to. If the bankrupt has parted with all dominion over the property, if the title is gone out of him and is beyond recall, it is not his property, and therefore is not “property belonging to his estate in bankruptcy.”
We are of the opinion, as to the great bulk of the property in question, that it is by no means clear that Mrs. I rammerstein ever owned it, but if she did the title was not in her at the date of the bankruptcy and could not be resumed by her. The authorities bearing upon this question will he found in Re Dauchy (D. C.) 122 Fed. 688. In affirming the opinion of the District Judge this court said:
“Tlie principal accusation of fraud is based upon tlie conveyance by tlie bankrupt’ of tlie Nantucket property to her father and by him to lier son over two years prior to the adjudication in bankruptcy. At the time the petition was filed and (he schedules verified, the legal title to this property was not in the bankrupt and had not been for two years and seven mouths. The transfer to her son, conceding it to he fraudulent as to then existing creditors, has not been made by the act a sufficient ground for refusing a discharge. About this there is no disagreement. In order to establish a fraudulent concealment it. must appear that the property concealed belongs to the bankrupt’s estate. It must he shown that the transfer was merely a temporary expedient to place the property beyond the reach of the trustee, the title to be resumed by tlie bankrupt as soon as prudence will permit. In other words, it must be proved that a secret trust exists in her favor and that her son is under agreement, expressed or implied, to reconvey the property to her when the danger of attack by the creditors has passed.” In re Dauchy, 130 Fed. 532, 05 C. C. A. 78.
We think the order should be reversed, and a discharge should he granted.