In re GLG Life Tech Corp. Securities Litigation, 287 F.R.D. 262

OPINION AND ORDER

GABRIEL W. GORENSTEIN, United States Magistrate Judge.

Plaintiffs in this matter have filed a complaint alleging that the defendants — GLG Life Tech Corporation (“GLG”), Luke Zhang, and Brian R. Meadows — violated federal securities laws. The plaintiffs successfully served GLG and Meadows, both of whom have appeared by counsel and responded to the complaint. The plaintiffs now move for leave to serve Zhang by alternative means pursuant to Rule 4(f)(3) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. For the reasons stated below, this motion is granted.

1. BACKGROUND

Defendant Zhang is the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of GLG and is a citizen of Canada.¹ Defendant Meadows is the Chief Financial Officer of GLG.² GLG was served on February 17, 2012, through its registered agent in the United States.³ Meadows was served at GLG’s headquarters in Vancouver, Canada, on March 2, 2012, pursuant to the Hague Convention on the Service Abroad of Judicial and Extrajudicial Documents, Convention done at the Hague November 15, 1965, 20 U.S.T. 361, T.I.A.S. No. 6638 (“the Hague Convention”).⁴

On the same day, the process server also attempted to serve Zhang at GLG’s headquarters in Vancouver but was told “that Luke Zhang works permanently in China and has for years.” See Certificate, dated Mar. 2, 2012 (annexed as Ex. B to Gonnello 1st Decl.). Plaintiffs’ counsel then inquired with the process server about serving Zhang in China. See Gonnello 2d Deck ¶2. The process server stated that Zhang should be served at a residential address, and informed counsel that finding Zhang’s home address in China would cost at least $5,000, “with no guarantee of success.” Id. ¶ 6. Counsel chose to conduct a search by other means, hoping to “minimize costs to the class.” Id. ¶ 8. This search included “(1) Google searches; (2) Bloomberg law searches; (3)Accurint.com searches; and (4) any other methods [members of his firm] could think of.” Id. Counsel also searched the Securities and Exchange Commission’s EDGAR System, as well as the Canadian Securities Administrator’s SEDAR system. Id.

On March 6, 2012, attorneys from the law firm of DLA Piper filed notices of appearance on behalf of GLG. On March 9, 2012, plaintiffs’ counsel contacted GLG’s attorneys by phone to seek a waiver of service of process from Zhang, and sent them a waiver of service document. See Notice of Lawsuit and Request to Waive Service of Summоns, dated Mar. 9, 2012 (annexed as Ex. C to Gonnello 1st Deck), at 2. A signed waiver form was never returned, however. See Letter from Richard W. Gonnello to Andrew Escobar, dated Apr. 6, 2012 (annexed as Ex. D to Gonnello 1st Deck), at 2. On April 6, 2012, having had no success in his search for Zhang’s residential address, plaintiffs’ counsel requested Zhang’s residential address from GLG’s attorneys. See Gоnnello 2d Deck ¶ 9; Letter from Richard W. Gonnello to Andrew Escobar, dated Apr. 6, 2012 (annexed as Ex. D to Gonnello 1st Deck). He received no response. See Gonnello 2d Deck ¶ 9. On June 25, 2012, GLG and Meadows filed a motion to dismiss. See Defendant GLG Life Tech Corporation and Brian Meadows’ Notice ‍​​​​​​‌‌​​‌​​‌​‌‌​‌​​‌​​​​‌​​​‌‌‌​‌‌‌​‌‌‌‌​‌​‌‌‌‍of Motion to Dismiss, filed June 25, 2012 (Docket # 31).

On August 9, 2012, Lead Plaintiffs filed the instant motion for leave to serve process on Zhang by alternative means.⁵ The motion papers suggest three potential methods of alternative service: (1) service on GLG’s counsel; (2) service on GLG’s registered agent in Washington; or (3) service on Zhang by email, assuming the existing stay of discovery is lifted and plaintiffs are able to obtain Zhang’s email address through discovery. PI. Mem. at 8-9.

On August 23, 2012, four days before a response to the motion was due, Andrew Escobar, a lawyer for GLG and Meadows, for the first time offered to provide plaintiffs’ counsel with Zhang’s residential address in China. Gonnello 2d Deck ¶ 11. Plaintiffs’ counsel declined this offer. Id. When it filed its brief opposing the motion, GLG included thе purported address in the text of its brief. See Defendant GLG Life Tech Corporation’s Memorandum of Law in Opposition to Lead Plaintiffs’ Motion for Leave to Serve Process on Defendant Luke Zhang by Alternative Means, filed Aug. 27, 2012 (Docket #43) (“Def. Mem.”), at 4. GLG does not state the source of this address, however. Additionally, no affidavit has been filed indicating the source of the address or providing any basis for believing that the address is in fact correct.⁶

II. DISCUSSION

A. GLG’s Standing to Oppose the Motion

The papers opposing plaintiffs’ motion to serve Zhang by alternative means were not filed by Zhang but rather by GLG. Plaintiffs assert that because GLG was properly served, GLG has no “standing” to oppose the motion as it has not suffered, nor will it suffer, a redressable injury if the motion is granted. See Lead Plaintiffs’ Reply Memorandum of Law in Support of their Motion for Leave to Serve Process on Defendant Luke Zhang by Alternative Means, filed Sept. 6, 2012 (Docket # 48) (“Reply”), at 2-3.

There is case law suggesting that GLG does not have “standing” to oppose this motion. See Madu, Edozie & Madu, P.C. v. Socketworks Ltd. Nigeria, 265 F.R.D. 106, 114-15 (S.D.N.Y.2010) (“Co-defendants do not havе standing to assert improper service claims on behalf of other defendants.”); accord S.E.C. v. Lines, 2009 WL 2431976, at *2 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 7, 2009). Indeed, the Second Circuit has stated that “[f]ederal courts as a general rule allow litigants to assert only their own legal rights and interests, and not the legal rights and interests of third parties.” Farrell v. Burke, 449 F.3d 470, 494 (2d Cir.2006). Nonetheless, this does not mean that this Court should “disregard [GLG’s motion] ... in its entirety” as plaintiffs request. Reply at 3. “District courts have broad discretion to permit or deny an appearance as amicus curiae in a case.” Auto. Club of N.Y., Inc. v. Port Auth. of N.Y. & N.J., 2011 WL 5865296, at *1 (S.D.N.Y. Nov. 22, 2011) (internal citations omitted). In light of the close connection between GLG and Zhang, the Court will consider GLG’s submissions as those of an amicus curiae with respect to рlaintiffs’ motion because without such consideration, the Court “would be hampered in issuing a ruling grounded on all the facts presented.” Madu, 265 F.R.D. at 114.

B. Merits

Fed.R.Civ.P. 4(f) governs service of process on individuals “not within any judicial district of the United States.” This rule establishes several methods for service on an individual outside of the United States in-eluding “(1) by any internationally agreed mеans of service that is reasonably calculated to give notice, such as those authorized by the Hague Convention on the Service Abroad of Judicial and Extrajudicial Documents; ... [and] (3) by other means not prohibited by international agreement, as the court orders.” Id. at 4(f)(1), (3). A third method of service, contained in Fed.R.Civ.P. 4(f)(2), governs service in situations where “there is no internationally agreed means” of service or where “an international agreement allows but does not specify other means” of service. Thus, on its face, Fed.R.Civ.P. 4(f) offers a choice between methods of service. Because both China and the United States are signatories to the Hague Convention, see Treaty Affairs Staff, Office of the Lеgal ‍​​​​​​‌‌​​‌​​‌​‌‌​‌​​‌​​​​‌​​​‌‌‌​‌‌‌​‌‌‌‌​‌​‌‌‌‍Adviser, U.S. Dep’t of State, Treaties in Force: A List of Treaties and Other International Agreements of the United States in Force on January 1, 2011 394-95, subsection (1) of Rule 4(f) is an available method of service on a party residing in China.

“ ‘The decision whether to allow alternative methods of serving process under Rule 4(f)(3) is committed to the sound discretion of the district court.’” Madu, 265 F.R.D. at 115 (quoting RSM Prod. Corp. v. Fridman, 2007 WL 1515068, at *1 (S.D.N.Y. May 24, 2007)). Courts have repeatedly recognized that “there is no hierarchy among the subsections in Rule 4(f).” Advanced Aerofoil Techs., AG v. Todaro, 2012 WL 299959, at *1 (S.D.N.Y. Jan. 31, 2012); accord Swarna v. Al-Awadi, 2007 WL 2815605, at *1 (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 20, 2007). Accordingly, “court-directed service under Rule 4(f)(3) is as favored as service under Rule 4(f)(1),” Rio Props., Inc. v. Rio Inti Interlink, 284 F.3d 1007, 1015 (9th Cir.2002), inasmuch as it is “merely one means among several which enables service of process on an international defendant.” Id. As one court has put it, service under Rule 4(f)(3) is “neither a ‘last resort’ nor ‘extraordinary relief.’ ” Id.

Nonetheless, before authorizing service under Rule 4(f)(3), some district courts have required: “(1) a showing that the plaintiff has reasonably attempted to effectuate service on the defendant, and (2) a showing that the circumstances are such that the court’s intervention is necessary.” United States v. Lebanese Canadian Bank SAL, 2012 WL 2035997, at *4 (S.D.N.Y. June 6, 2012) (citing cases); accord Cold Spring Constr. Co. v. Spikes, 2012 WL 41967, at *2 (W.D.N.Y. Jan. 9, 2012). Imposing such a requirement has been viewed as necessary “in order to prevent parties from whimsically seeking alternate means of service and thеreby increasing the workload of the courts.” Ryan v. Brunswick Corp., 2002 WL 1628933, at *2 (W.D.N.Y. May 31, 2002). Thus, in cases involving service on a person residing in a country that is a signatory to the Hague Convention, courts have often imposed a requirement that litigants first attempt service by means of the Hague Convention before seeking court-ordered alternative service under section 4(f)(3). See, e.g., Devi v. Raja-paska, 2012 WL 309605, at *2 (S.D.N.Y. Jan. 31, 2012).

This Court concurs that there will undoubtedly be many instances where significant efforts to make service under the Hague Convention should be required by a court before alternative service is ordered. But nothing in Rule 4(f) itself or controlling case law suggests that a court must always require a litigant to first exhaust the potential for service under the Hague Convention before granting an order permitting alternative service under Rule 4(f)(3). See Wright & Miller, 4B Federal Practice & Procedure: Civil Sd § 1134, at 333 (2002) (“The only proscription on the district court’s discretion is that the method not be prohibited by international agreement.”).⁷

Some courts have held that “principles of comity encourage the court to insist, as a matter of discretion, that a plaintiff attempt to follow foreign law in its efforts to secure service of process upon defendant.” C & F Sys., LLC v. Limpimax, S.A., 2010 WL 65200, at *2 (W.D.Mich. Jan. 6, 2010). Inasmuch as Rule 4(f)(3) calls upon a court to exercise its discretion, however, each case must be judged on its facts. In the present case, it is difficult to see how principles of comity would be upset if alternative service is ordered on a defendant who is not a citizen of China and has voluntarily and closely associated himself with a non-Chinese entity that is already a served co-defendant.

Additionally, the Court is concerned that the length of time required for ‍​​​​​​‌‌​​‌​​‌​‌‌​‌​​‌​​​​‌​​​‌‌‌​‌‌‌​‌‌‌‌​‌​‌‌‌‍service under the Hague Convention, approximately six to eight months, see Gonnello 2d. Decl. ¶ 7, may unneсessarily delay this case. Courts have frequently cited delays in service under the Hague Convention as supporting an order of alternative service under Rule 4(f)(3). See, e.g., Brown v. China Integrated Energy, Inc., 285 F.R.D. 560, 562-66 (C.D.Cal.2012) (ordering alternative service and noting that service of defendant under the Hague Convention would take four to six months); Ackerman v. Global Vehicles U.S.A., Inc., 2011 WL 3847427, at *3-4 (E.D.Mo. Aug. 26, 2011) (authorizing service on defendant’s counsel “so as to not further delay” the lawsuit); The Knit With v. Knitting Fever, Inc., 2010 WL 4977944, at *4-5 (E.D.Pa. Dec. 7, 2010) (plaintiff granted leave to serve a defendant via counsel where Hague Convention service would take up to three months and plaintiff sought a waiver of service from the defendant before seeking leave to serve the defendant by alternative means); LG Elecs., Inc. v. ASKO Appliances, Inc., 2009 WL 1811098, at *4 (D.Del. June 23, 2009) (authorizing service on defendant’s counsel “to prevent further delays in litigation”).

As noted, two of the methods of service proposed by plaintiffs are (1) service on GLG’s counsel; and (2) service on GLG’s registered agent in Washington. Use of these methods would not run afoul of the Hague Convention since in both instances no documents would be transmitted abroad. Volkswagenwerk Aktiengesellschaft, 486 U.S. at 703, 108 S.Ct. 2104. Moreover, such service comes within the scope of a court’s authority under Rule 4(f)(3), since that rule requires only that service be “(1) directed by the court; and (2) not prohibited by international agreement.” Rio Props., Inc., 284 F.3d at 1014. In many instances, courts have authorized service under Rule 4(f)(3) on an unserved party’s counsel. See, e.g., Brown, 285 F.R.D. at 565-66; Arista Records LLC v. Media Servs. LLC, 2008 WL 563470, at *1-2 (S.D.N.Y. Feb. 25, 2008); RSM Production Corp. v. Fridman, 2007 WL 2295907, at *1-3 (S.D.N.Y.2007); Ehrenfeld v. Salim a Bin Mahfouz, 2005 WL 696769, at *3 (S.D.N.Y. Mar. 23, 2005).

Of course, a party seeking leave to serve an individual by counsel must show adequate communication bеtween the individual and the attorney. Compare Prediction Co. LLC v. Rajgarhia, 2010 WL 1050307, at *2 (S.D.N.Y. Mar. 22, 2010) (finding adequate communication between defendant and his counsel when the parties had “been in recent contact”), uñth Madu, 265 F.R.D. at 116 (citing the “absence of communication” between a firm and two unserved parties when denying plaintiffs request for leave to serve process on counsеl). The circumstances of this case make clear that service on counsel for GLG is virtually guaranteed to provide notice to Zhang. Most obviously, Zhang is the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of GLG and it is impossible to imagine that a corporation’s attorney would not advise the corporation’s Chairman and Chief Executivе Officer of the fact that service destined for that officer had been made upon its attorney. See Brown, 285 F.R.D. at 565 (unserved officers’ and directors’ “close connection” with the corporation make it “all but certain” that directors served through counsel “will receive notice of the suit”). The same is true for service on GLG itself: obviously a corporation will inform its own Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of a lawsuit pending against him.

As already noted, courts have held that parties should be dissuaded from “whimsically” seeking alternative service under Rule 4(f)(3). Brunswick, 2002 WL 1628933, at *2. But the request here is far from whimsical and was occasioned to some degree by the recalcitrance of thе company of which Zhang is CEO and whose actions he presumably controls. As previously discussed, the attorneys for the corporation for which Zhang is the Chief Executive Officer withheld his service address from plaintiffs for many months, Gonnello 2d Deel. ¶¶ 9-11, releasing what purports to be his address — and for which no competent supporting evidеnce has been provided — only after plaintiffs had gone through the expense of filing the instant motion.⁸ Given the certainty that service on GLG’s attorneys and/or GLG will result in notice to Zhang, and given that service via the Hague Convention would be a pointless and lengthy exercise, an order of alternative service is justified.

All that remains is tо determine if the method of service passes constitutional muster ‍​​​​​​‌‌​​‌​​‌​‌‌​‌​​‌​​​​‌​​​‌‌‌​‌‌‌​‌‌‌‌​‌​‌‌‌‍inasmuch as a proposed means of service “[e]ven if facially permitted by Rule 4(f)(3) ... must also comport with constitutional notions of due process,” Rio Props., Inc., 284 F.3d at 1016. Due process requires that the method of service “provide[] notice reasonably calculated, under all the circumstances, to apprise interested parties of the pendency of the action and afford them an opportunity to present their objections.” Volkswagen-werk Aktiengesellschafi, 486 U.S. at 705, 108 S.Ct. 2104 (internal citations omitted); accord Luessenhop v. Clinton Cnty., N.Y., 466 F.3d 259, 269 (2d Cir.2006) (citing Mullane v. Cent. Hanover Bank & Trust Co., 339 U.S. 306, 70 S.Ct. 652, 94 L.Ed. 865 (1950)); RSM, 2007 WL 2295907, at *4. As already discussed, service on counsel and GLG is certain to apprise Zhang of the pendency of this action.

III. CONCLUSION

For the foregoing reasоns, the motion for leave to serve process by alternative means (Docket # 40) is granted. Pursuant to Fed. R.Civ.P. 4(f)(3), plaintiffs are authorized to serve Zhang by (1) serving counsel for GLG, in accordance with Fed.R.Civ.P. 5(b), with the summons, complaint, and this Opinion and Order (“the service documents”); and (2) serving the registered domestic agent of GLG with the same papers.

SO ORDERED.

Notes

1 . See Schеdule 13D, dated Aug. 8, 2012 (annexed as Ex. C to Declaration of Andrew R. Escobar in Support of Defendant GLG Life Tech Corporation’s Opposition to Lead Plaintiffs’ Motion for Leave to Serve Process on Defendant Luke Zhang by Alternative Means, filed Aug. 27, 2012 (Docket # 44)), at 3; Consolidated Securities Class Action Complaint, filed May 10, 2012 (Docket # 27) ("Comрl.”), ¶ 30.

2 . See Form 6-K, dated June 1, 2012 (annexed as Ex. C to Declaration of Andrew R. Escobar in Support of Defendants GLG Life Tech Corporation and Brian Meadows’ Motion to Dismiss, filed June 25, 2012 (Docket # 33)), at 22.

3 . See Affidavit of Service, filed Feb. 17, 2012 (Docket # 12).

4 . See Declaration of Richard W. Gonnello in Support of Lead Plaintiff’s Reply Brief in Support of their Motion for Leave to Serve Process on Defеndant Luke Zhang by Alternative Means, filed Sept. 6, 2012 (Docket #49) ("Gonnello 2d Deck"), at 2; Request for Service Abroad of Judicial and Extrajudicial Documents, dated Feb. 20, 2012 (annexed as Ex. A to Declaration of Richard W. Gonnello in Support of Motion for Leave to Serve Process on Defendant Luke Zhang by Alternative Means, filed Aug. 9, 2012 (Docket # 42) ("Gonnello 1st Deck”)).

5 . See Lead Plaintiffs' Motion for Leave to Serve Process on Defendant Luke Zhang by Alternative Means, filed Aug. 9, 2012 (Docket #40); Lead Plaintiffs’ Opening Brief in Support of Motion for Leave to Serve Process on Defendant Luke Zhang by Alternative Means, filed Aug. 9, 2012 (Docket # 41) ("PI. Mem.”); Gonnello 1st Deck

6 . The Court assumes that the attorneys for GLG havе accurately transmitted an address that has been provided to them by someone at GLG who purports to have knowledge of the address. The Court has no basis for determining, however, that the person who provided the address had personal knowledge as to its correctness. Thus, the record is devoid of evidence as to the address’s accuracy.

7 . The Supreme Court's ruling in Volkswagen-werk Aktiengesellschaft v. Schlunk, 486 U.S. 694, 108 S.Ct. 2104, 100 L.Ed.2d 722 (1988), is not to the contrary. While Volkswagenwerk noted in dictum that "compliance with the [Hague] Convention is mandatory in all cases to which it applies,” id. at 705, 108 S.Ct. 2104, Volkswagen-werk involved an interpretation of Article I of the Hague Convention, which states that the Convention applies "where there is occasion to transmit a judicial or extrajudicial documеnt for service abroad.” Hague Convention, art. 1, 20 U.S.T. 361 *1. Volkswagenwerk held only that the Hague Convention did not apply where service was made on a foreign citizen’s agent within the United States. It held that the Convention did not apply because no judicial document was actually transmitted for service abroad, id. at 707-08, 108 S.Ct. 2104, even though it was obvious that the domеstic agent would ultimately transmit ‍​​​​​​‌‌​​‌​​‌​‌‌​‌​​‌​​​​‌​​​‌‌‌​‌‌‌​‌‌‌‌​‌​‌‌‌‍the service documents to the defendant in the foreign country, see id. at 707, 108 S.Ct. 2104 (“Whatever internal, private communications take place between the agent and a foreign principal are beyond the concerns of this case.”). Thus, Volkswagenwerk does not hold or even suggest that the Hague Convention must always be сomplied with before alternative service is ordered.

8 . While GLG argues that Zhang's address was easily accessible from GLG's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, they now give a different address at which service should be made and fail to explain why the addresses differ from the addresses in the SEC filings or why service on the newly revealed address is preferable. Def. Mem. at 4.

Case Details

Case Name: In re GLG Life Tech Corp. Securities Litigation

Court Name: District Court, S.D. New York

Date Published: Nov 9, 2012

Citations: 287 F.R.D. 262; 83 Fed. R. Serv. 3d 1331; 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 161171; 2012 WL 5472399; No. 11 Civ. 09150 (KBF) (GWG)

Docket Number: No. 11 Civ. 09150 (KBF) (GWG)

Court Abbreviation: S.D.N.Y.