94 Cal. 670 | Cal. | 1892
Appeal from a decree of distribution. By his will, which was executed February 24, 1878, the testator gave one half of his estate to his wife, and made the following provisions respecting the other half:—
“ Clause Fourth. The remainder of my property shall remain, as hereinafter provided, in the hands of my executors, and be held or sold, and the proceeds reinvested or loaned by my executors, in their discretion, and the net income thereof, to an amount not exceeding twenty-four hundred dollars in United States gold coin, per annum, payable in quarterly installments, shall be divided equally between my beloved parents, Horace Comstock Ladd and Sarah Ann Ladd, and the remainder of the income shall be paid to my wife, Elizabeth.
“ Clause Fifth. Upon the death of either of my parents, one half of said property placed and to remain in the hands of my executors under the fourth clause of this will, shall be given to my wife, Elizabeth, to be held by her absolutely and free from all trusts, and the net income of the remainder of such property, to an amount not exceeding twelve hundred dollars in United States gold coin, per annum, payable in quarterly installments, shall be paid to my sole surviving parent until his or her death, and then the entire property shall be given to my wife, the said Elizabeth, to be held by her absolutely and free from all trusts.
“ Clause Sixth. In the event that my beloved wife, Elizabeth, shall die before either of my parents, all of said one half of my estate placed and to remain in the hands of my executors under clause four of this will shall be given to my said parents, in equal parts, to be held absolutely and free from all trusts. And if my wife, Elizabeth, shall die after the death of one of my parents, and during the lifetime of the other, then the remainder
Before the death of the testator, his father died, and on the 18th of January, 1889, he made a codicil in the following terms: —
“ Whereas, since the making of the foregoing will, my father has died, and my property holdings have considerably increased, I now change the fourth clause of my said will in this regard, and to the extent only, that from the income of the property provided by said will to be held in trust by my said executors, I will and direct that monthly payments be made by my said executors to the following named persons, and each of them, during their lives, that is to say: to Mrs. Anne Sarah Ladd (my mother), one hundred and fifty dollars ” (and other sums amounting to four hundred and fifty dollars, to different individuals).
The court distributed three fourths of the estate to the wife, and one fourth to the executors, upon the trusts set forth in the will and codicil. From this decree the mother and a sister of the testator have appealed, claiming that by the terms of the will and codicil one half of the estate should have been distributed to the executors upon the said trusts.
We are of the opinion that the decree of distribution made by the court was in accordance with the terms of the will and codicil. By a proper construction of the terms of .the original will, upon the death of the testator subsequent to the death of his father, only one fourth of his estate was to remain in the hands of his executors. The provision in clause 4, that the remainder (one half) of his property should remain in the hands of his executors, “ as hereinafter provided,” was by its terms limited and qualified by the provision subsequently made in the will, which is found in clause 5, that upon the death of either of his parents “ one half of said property placed and to remain ” in the hands of his executors
It must be assumed that the testator, at the time of making his codicil, used the terms therein with reference to the provisions of the will as they would be construed under the facts then existing, and with a knowledge of what property the will provided that the executors should “hold” in trust, and that he intended that no further change should be made in his will than was expressly declared in the codicil. The execution of the codicil had the effect “ to republish the will as modified by the codicil” (Civ. Code, sec. 1287) as of the date of the codicil. (Payne v. Payne, 18 Cal. 302.) Its effect was not limited to a republication of clause 4, and although clause 4 is the only portion of the will which the codicil purports to modify, yet the effect of its execution was to republish the entire will, and not merely the clause so
In the preamble to the codicil, the testator gives as the reason for the change, that since the making of the will his father had died and his property holdings considerably increased; and it is to be presumed that the income had proportionately increased. By the terms of the original will, his wife would have received all the income after paying to his mother twelve hundred dollars a year, but owing to the increase of income, he increased the payment to his mother, and also provided for his brother and sister, for whom in the original will he expressly ■ declined to make any provision, his wife at the same same time receiving from the increased income of the one fourth which fell to her by reason of the death of his father a sufficient equivalent for the other payments directed to be made under the codicil. It was “ in this regard”— that is, upon consideration of these facts—that he made the codicil, by which he changed the fourth
The only change in his will which the testator purported to make by the codicil was in the fourth clause thereof, and the change which he purported to make in this clause was “ only ” to the extent of directing “ that from the income of the property provided by said will to be held in trust ” his mother should receive $150 instead of $100 per month, and that instead of paying all the remainder of the income from that property to his wife, $450 thereof should be paid to other beneficiaries. He does not either in terms or by implication change the fund from which that income is to be derived, but designates the will— not merely clause 4, but the whole will—for ascertaining the property from which to obtain the income for such payments, and declares that it is “the property provided by said will to be held in trust by my said executors.” But the only property which the will authorizes the executors to hold in trust is that which he directs shall “ remain ” in their hands; and, as we have seen, this, after the death of the father, was only one half of the one half of the original amount set apart, since he had in clause 5 of his will directed that upon that contingency the other one half should be “ given ” to his wife, to be held by her absolutely and free from all trusts.
It is very clear that the original purpose of the will was, that the wife should take one half of his estate at his death, one half of the remainder at the death of one of his parents, and the other one half of such remainder at the death of the other. This purpose is not changed by any express language of the codicil, or by necessary implication from what he has said therein; and it must be held that in his making a different disposition of the income he did not intend to deprive the wife of the pro
This construction of the effect of the codicil finds support also in clause 6 of the original will, in which it is provided that if his wife should die after the death of one of his parents, and during the lifetime of the other, “the remainder of the one half” of the property “ placed and to remain ” in the hands of his executors under clause 4, — that is, one fourth of the estate of which he should dispossessed,—should be given to the surviving parent. It will be seen that no provision has been made in the will by which the mother can ever receive more than this one half of the “ remainder of the one half of the property,” which, under clause 4, was to be placed in the hands of his executors.
The decree of distribution is affirmed.
McFarland, J., and Paterson, J., concurred.