In re Egan

157 N.W. 310 | S.D. | 1916

WHITING, J.

This is an original proceeding seeking the disbarment of one Georgé W. Egan, a duly licensed practitioner at the bar of this count. Our records show that respondent was first admitted to the bar of this court on November 17, 1907, such admission being subject to a condition expressed in the order of admission; that he was disbarred on October 10, 1908; that he sought readmis-sion. on June 22, 1909; that his petition was rejected December 1, 1909; that he again sought readmission on July 9, 1910; that the judgment of disbarment was modified so that he was readmitted on January x, 1911; and1 that the present proceeding was instituted by a petition filed in this court on May 14, 1915. This proceeding is1 now before us upon a motion to affirm the report of the referees and to -enter judgment^ in conformity with the recommendations of such report. W-e d-eem the facts revealed upon the hearings of the original petition for admission, the original, disbarment .proceeding, and -the two applications for reinstatement all material and pertinent to- the consideration of the motion now before us. No- comprehensive statement of such facts -can well be made at this time, as to incorporate them herein would unduly -extend this -opinion. Reference is therefore -made to- the -statements of facts found in- the several opinions of this -court. In re Egan, 22 S. D. 355, 117 N. W. 874; In re Egan, 24 S. D. 301, 123 N. W. 478; In re Egan, 27 S. D. 16, 129 N. W. 365. The three members of this court who wore then members desire to state that it was with much hesitancy, and with a .feeling - that its better judgment was- perhaps being unduly influenced' through sympathy for 'the respondent, and yet prompted somewhat by the fear that, in case it refused his petition, it might do injustice, that this court, upon the second petition for .read-mission, determined to1 err, if it erred at all, on thie side of mercy. While it fully .realized the gravity of respondent’s past offenses, it yet hoped that his protestations of reformation and regret for the past, as declared in his petition and his sworn statements in open court, were sincere, and that his. future record as an' attorney at law would justify its action. It was in such1 a spirit and prompted- by such a hope that this count, speaking through Justice Haney, than whom few men ever suffered greater wrong from another than he had from respondent, said:

“Undoubtedly he has disregarded hi-s duty as an attorney and counselor at law; his duty as. a citizen.. Nevertheless', assuming the good faith, of his present attitude, appreciating the consequences to him of continued exclusion from his chosen profession, possessing .the power to correct the mistake if time shall reveal that one has been -made, and hoping the exercise of clemency may broaden, the petitioner’s charity towards his fellow men, the court concludes., without receding in the slightest degree from either of its former decisions as- to. the fitness of the petitioner to practice law when such, decision was rendered, that he should now be given an opportunity to demonstrate the genuineness of his reformation.”

At the primaries in .1910, and again .in. 1912, respondent sought nomination as a candidate for the office of governor. His experiences before the bar. of this court were thus brought into prominence before the .people of the. whole state. It was prior to and in the 1910. campaign that he made the charges, recorded in In re Egan, 24 S. D. 301, 123 N. W. 478, to the effect that the original disbarment proceeding was of .political origin and the judgment of this court therein prompted by corrupt. political motives. The vote received by him. at such primaries was proof that many .of the people .of 'this, state must.-halve given credence to such charges. At the time the.present proceeding was .instituted it-was commonly reported that he would, again in ,.1916. seek nomination as ¡a candidate tor the govemsh’ip. Considering all of' the ' above facts, and believing that it would promote more widespread confidence ,-in the results- if- the trial oif the issues raised was referred to three referees instead' of one, as has been the .previous custom of this -court in disbarment matters, w-e felt called upon to -and -did refer such issues to a board of three referees. To insure the selection of referees acceptable to both ■respondent and the Attorney General, the court requested respondent to' and he did furnish a list of names of those acceptable to him. From the name-s so furnished ■the Attorney General ■selected thloise that would be acceptable to him, and from names so' selected a board of referees was finally chosen,, consisting of A. W. Campbell, of Aberdeen, A. H. Orvis, of Yankton, and Chambers Kellar, of Lead It is the report of this -board- of referees, in- whose ability and- integrity of purpose every member of this1 court, and we feel certain the people- at large, have absolute 'confidence, that we are’ called upon -to 'consider. To the affirmance of such report counsel for respondent have filed certain written objections, which objections' are almost entirely directed to the sufficiency of the evidence to support the referees’ findings of facts.

Unprofessional conduct in .relation to. nine different matters was 'charged against respondent. As to> one of these- matters no evidence was offered in support of the charges. As to' two other ■matters the referees found in favor of respondent, and, inasmuch as the prosecution has not asked that the-sa findings be set aside-, it becomes unnecessary for us- to, .and we therefore do- not, express any opinion! up-o-n the correctness of these particular findings.

A vast .amount of evidence, the transcript -of which comprises some 1,000 pages of typewriting, was1 submitted upon the issues raised on the other charges. We 'have gone1 through such evidence with -great care. While there is an irreconcilable conflict therein upon many matters, amid different findings upon minor matters' — in .some instances favorable and in others unfavorable to respondent — would find! such support a-s to warrant our affirmance thereof if they bad1 been returned, yet the referees had the opportunity of seeing such,' witnesses as appeared -before them, and! their appearance upon the witness stand certainly assisted such referees 'in determining the credit that should be given to their words. There is no finding in relation to any one of these charges that is not supported by ample evidence. A review of ¡such evidence could not be made in an opinion of reasonable length, and such a review could serve no' useful purpose. The findings themselves comprise some 20 pages of typewriting. We 'shall not attempt to even set the findings out in full, but shall merely state the substance of .such findings as we feel are particularly material to the motion before us, using care, how> ever, to refer to everything therein in any manner favorable to the respondent.

[1] Svendsen Charge. Through the failure of his clerk to follow directions given by respondent, and through respondent’s failure to read a certain affidavit before executing and filing same, respondent unwittingly filad, in the case of Svendsen v. Svendsen, then pending in the trial court, a.n affidavit in which it was charged positively, instead of upon information and belief, as intended by respondent, that opposing counsel had, by -the payment of a money consideration, procured a false affidavit, and had filed the same in such court. Respondent’s charge against such opposing counsel was false -in fact. The fact that respondent’s charge was in reality ’based upon information and belief was apparent from a reading of the whole affidavit in the light of other matters known to the trial court and attorneys. When, upon the hearing of the motion upon which respondent’s affidavit was filed, respondent’s attention was called fio the fact that his allegations therein were positive, and not ¡alleged to he upon information and belief, he did not “ask to correct such affidavit or to withdraw the same, hut permitted1 it to remain without objection as a part of tine record in said action prepared' for use in the Supreme Court, and is now. a part of the record in said action before said court.” The referees conclude that respondent’s conduct “was reckless and careless, and was such as deserves criticism and censure, but was not necessarily corrupt or dishonest.” With, this conclusion we fully concur.

[2] Case 'Charges. In one action respondent himself made, and in another action he prepared and his' client made, an affidavit for .attachment wherein it wias falsely charged that the defendant therein “has solid and disposed of part of his property and is about to assign and dispose of his property with the -intent to defraud his creditor's, and said affiant deposes and. says ¡that said plaintiff is in danger of losing its said claim by reason of the facts aforesaid unless a writ of attachment issues.” Such affidavits were made and used when respondent had “no sufficient reason for believing said -statements to- :be true.” The attachments were levied upon the home of the defendant, when defendant was the owner of a large amount of both real and personal property located in the same county, and not exempt from levy, all of which might readily have been learned -by respondent by a search of the records or by -inquiry in the office of the register of d-eed-s of such county. The defendant in said1 actions thereafter brought an action against respondent and his clients to recover damages alleged to have resulted from the above wrongful acts. The verdict in such action was in favor of respondent. The referees conclude that respondent's conduct “was reckless, and- the same deserves severe criticism and censure, but his- license to- practice as an- attorney at law in the state of South Dakota should not be canceled by reason of said conduct.'' With such conclusion we agree. The law provides som-e harsh, weapons to' be used as necessary -remedies under extraordinary occasions. We -regret to say that there are a few -lawyers, wiho “are the scandal of the profession, who act upon the assumption that the end of the client's interest or desire justifies the use of any means to. further Jt.” No attorney — no matter bow just he believes the end sought to be, no matter how insistent his client may be — has any right to use or to direct the use of these extraordinary weapons on 'behalf of a client, unless he has reasonable -cause to- believe the occasion one contemplated by the laws authorizing the use thereof. Persistency in such unlawful practices might well--warrant 'suspension, if not disbarment, of the wrongdoer.

[3] Kickland -Charge. The matters Charged- under this heading all relate to- the acts of respondent when acting as attorney for one .Theodore Kickland. The- evidence submitted was mainly portions of the transcripts of evidence received in the case of Kickland v. Egan, which was appealed to- this court, our opinion being -reported in Kickland v. Egan, 36 S. D. 428, 155 N. W. 192, to which, reference is made- -for a general understanding of the fa-cts- as revealed by the evidence 'in that case. Some further evidence ini relation to an action 'started by respondent against Kickland and others in this state, and in relation to an action brought Iby Kickland against respondent in the state of Ohio, was -received by -the referees. -On May 31, 1911, respondent was the attorney for Kickland, and during several months prior thereto 'had been consulted by h'i's client in- relation- to certain tranactions between such -clien-t and one Lafayette Kickland. On that date respondent was employed -to -represent this -client in connection wi'tfhi the estate- of said Lafayette Kickland', which, was about to be .probated -in O'hio. Such employment was evidenced by a written agreement providing- that respondent should use his own judgment as to the manner in which he should look after his client’s interest in such estate; should pay his own expenses in connection- -therewith; and should receive one-third o-f any sum or property bis- client should recover -out of s-aid estate. Respondent and- his client -both- knew that such client was- the residuary legatee named- in- the will of Lafayette Kickland and that Lafayette Kickla-nd was -dead-. Respondent had knowledge and information received from Ohio lawyers, and which he did not oomnnu-nicate to his client, th-at the will -o-f :deceased was in due f-orm and wo-ul-d in al-1 probability in -due time be probated; that the same would he sustained by the prolb-ate court; that hi-j client would receive out of such -estate between $6,000 and $10,000; that -saii-d will would be probated and fully looked after by executor therein named, and the expenses' -of the probate proceedings and fees of attorneys in Ohio- on behalf of the estate paid from the residuary estate of .respondent’s client; that there was no occasion for the employment of any South Dakota attorney or any other attorney -other than those employed or to be employed by the executor; and that the -services to- be performed by respondent, if an-y, in looking after his client’s interests in said estate, would be nominal. On September 1, 1911, respondent induced -his client, fo-r á consideration of $3,000, to- execute and deliver to him a deed and -bill of sale whereby such client conveyed and transferred to respondent all this interest -the- client had in such, estate. The property so- s'o-l-d and -conveyed was of the value of -over $8,000, which fact was then known to respondent, hut not to his client. At the time of the purchase of his client’s interest in su-ch estate respondent bad -reaso-'-’ +r> Relieve, and did 'believe, that, the will wo-ul-d) he sustained, and that the prop-erfy could 'be sold' for an amount in excess of $8,000; but, in order to effectuate such purchase for $3,000, respondent represented foi his clieift that he 'believed there was grave danger said will would not be sustained', and1 he withheld information then possessed by him to the effect that said, property was worth and could be sold for more than $8,000. In the spring of 1913 Kick-land employed1 Ohio attorneys for -the purpose of recovering .back the property conveyed to respondent.. When respondent learned of this fact, he, for the purpose of intimidating said Kickland and thereby preventing him from causing an action to be instituted to recover such property, commenced an action against said Kickland, his wife, and a son, in a circuit court of this state. The referees conclude that the conduct of respondent in the Kickland matter “was unprofessional, dishonest, and fraudulent.”

Hatland Charge. On January 28, 29, and 30, 1915, one Jacob Hiatland had a number of interviews with respondent at respondent’s office. Hatland was at that time insane, suffering from a type of ¡insanity known- as melancholia, with delusions;, and he sought to employ respondent to protect him from people whom he could not and did' not name, but who. he imagined were, as- he stated, “after him, talking about him, and trying to get him.” The referees found that at the time of the above-mentioned interviews respondent knew- Hatland was mentally unsound and incompetent to transact -any business connected' with the subject of bis imaginary troubles. Upon said dates respondent induced Hatland to pay to him $275 and to execute to' him a note for $1,000 with a mortgage securing the same upon land owned by Hatland. Soion thereafter Hatland was adjudged incompetent, and a guardian of his person and estate was appointed and qualified. About February 16, 1915, respondent, through a newspaper article, was advised that Hatland had ¡been adjudged incompetent and a guardian appointed. On February 27, 1913, a written notice -and. demand, signed by such guardian, was served on respondent, advising respondent that the signer had' been appointed guardian; charging that respondent had procured such- money, note, and mortgage through fraud; and demanding the payment to such guardian of such money and the return of the note and •mortgage. This notice and demand were ignored by respondent. Thereafter the guardian commenced am-' action to recover $1,275, the amount of the money and note procured a# above. Respondent appeared in said action and miovedl the court to require plaintiff to make his complaint more specific. This1 motion was denied. Respondent then -demurred to the complaint; the demurrer was overruled, and respondent appealed to this court. Respondent .performed no legal iservices whatever for Hatland other than consulting him on January 28, 29, and 30, 1915. The referees ■concluded that the conduct of respondent in the Hatland matter: “was unprofessional and dishonest.”

Renner Charge. On March 14, 1914, respondent was retained by one Renner to represent Renner in a divorce action them pending against him, and which was brought to recover a divorce, alimony, and custody of a minor child. At the time of such employment, respondent was paid $100 as a retainer fee. On April 4. 1914, respondent received from his client the further sum of $900. At the time of this last payment respondent gave his client a receipt as follows:

“Sioux Falls, S. D., April 4, 1914. Received of Wm. A. Renner $900 for bal. cf retainer in legal matters. If case is won and offending party convicted, $2,000.00 more and- expenses to be paid. Otherwise this is full fee in Renner v. Renner. George W. Egan.”

The “offending party” referred to in the receipt was a man who Renner believed guilty of adultery with his wife. Renner was anxious to convict this party of’ adultery, and was also much concerned -over the custody of the child, being very anxious to have her custody. On May 16, 1914, at a time when respondent knew that his client w'as greatly distressed in mind on account of his anxiety as to the custody of his -daughter, and on account of his belief that a certain man was guilty of adultery with his wife, respondent represented to his- client that h;e would be unable ta perform the services desired by -such client in said action and pay his own expenses unle-s's a further and larger fee should- be paid1; and he demanded a further payment of $4,000, which sum the client then and- there paid, partly in -cash', and partly by note, which note w&s afterwards -paid. At said time respondent gave to -his client a receipt as- follows:

“Sioux Falls, S. D., May 16, 1914. Received of W. A. Renner full for all atty.’s fees and- expenses in Renner v. Renner, part ,p& in cash, pant by note due November i5 1914. Geo. W. Egan, per Sese.”

The divorce action, was tried, and resulted in a judgment against respondent’s client. Soon after respondent’s retainer by Renner respondent was authorized to check against Renner’s (bank account to pay alimony to Mrs. Renner and 'attorney fees to her attorneys. Thereafter respondent, without authority from his client, drew four checks aggregating $120.50. These checks were paid by the bank and charged to Renner’s account. The amount of one; $100, was afterwards repaid Renner by respondent. On December 14, 1914, respondent, further attempting to obtain unprofessionally, dishonestly, 'and without consideration additional money from his said client, forwarded by mail to his client a statement of cash alleged to have been expended by respondent on account of said' action; such statement consisting of 95 items, aggregating $495.63, all of which items, except one, consisting only of date, the charge “To cash expended,” and the amount 'of the charge. Accompanying this statement was a letter 'reading:

“Sioux Falls, South Dakota, December 19, 1914. Hon. W. A. Renner, Wentworth, S. D. — Dear Will: I have asked Mr. Shurtl'eff to make out an itemized statement of the amount of money I have paid out in your case since the case was started, and he has made it out, and inclose ithe same herewith. Now, Bill, I just must have this money, for I have a number of bills 1 must meet, and people are urging me. It is not attorney’s fees, but cash I have paid out for you. I wish you would go up to your bank and borrow the money and send me a check. I have filled out a check for die amount of the bill, and you just sign it and return it to me by return mail in the 'inclosed stamped envelope, and then tell the bank to take care of it. This will be a big favor to me. Thanking you in advance, I am; respectfully George W. Egan. Diet, by G. W. E. but not Read. W. H: S.”

Mbst of the items in said statement were for claimed personal expenses of respondent, and, when Renner objected to paying same, Respondent did not -insist that he pay them. The referees found that respondent -testified falsely 'as to several matters which were- offered by respondent in explanation of his exaction of th'e absolute fee of $5,000 in lieu of the fee of $1,000 previously paid and the contingent fee of $2,000 as per the first agreement, and as to several matters in explanation of his attempt to obtain from his client the alleged expenses covered by the two items of $120.50 and $495.63 above mentioned. After the decision in the divorce action in the trial court respondent offered to pay for a transcript of the evidence and to give his future services for nothing if Render would pay the other costs of an appeal to this court. Renner offered to pay respondent $1,000 provided respondent would take the appeal and woo the case in this Court. This proposition respondent refused to accept. Respondent never offered to take an appeal1 to this court and pay •the expenses thereof from the $5,000 fee previously received. The referees concluded that the conduct of ■ respondent in the Renner matter was “unprofessional and dishonest.”

Perreault Charge. On May 22, 1911, one Perreault employed respondent to represent him in an action to be1 brought against the Wisconsin Granite Company. Such employment was evidenced by a 'Contract -in writing as follows:

“Contract and Agreement.

“Made and entered into this 22d day of May, 1911, by and between Urbain. S. Perreault, party of the first part ,and George W. Egan, .party of the second part, witnesseth: Party of the first part this day employs George W. Egan, party of the second part, to be and appear for him as his attorney and counselor at law, in a suit against the Wisconsin Granite Company, for personal injuries to his left limb .and foot, and turns over to tire said George W. Egan the full and complete control and management of said case, and agrees to follow his- advice -in the conduct of the said trial -or settlement of said suit.

“And1 for the said services .to be well and truly performed by the said George W. Egan, party of the second -part, the party of the first part, Urbain S. Perreault, hereby agrees and by these presents binds himself to pay unto the second1 party, George W. Egan., the following share or per cent, of amount recovered, either by. suit or settlement: .

“George W. Egan is to have one-third of what may be recovered, if a satisfactory, settlement can be-made out of court, ■ and, if «aid case is tried in court, then George W. Egan, instead of ■ one-third, shall have 50% of whatever may be ultimately . recovered.

“George W. Egan is to -pay his- own expenses, and' if no recovery is had, either by suit or settlement, then George W. Egan is to charge no fees, and first party, Urbain S. Perreault, shall be in no wise indebted to George W. Egan.

“George W. Egan on his part agrees to give sufficient time and his best energy and ability to the prosecution of said claim, either by suit or 'settlement.

“Dated at Sioux Falls, S. D., this 22d day of May, 1911.

“Urbain S. Perreault, First Party.

“Geo. W. Egan, Second Party.”

Pursuant to such oomtract, ¡respondent instituted an action in a circut court of this state; such action, on motion by defendant therein, was afterwards transferred to the United States District 'Court, where a demurrer to¡ 'the complaint was sustained, •and later the action dismissed. Subsequently 'and pursuant to the said contract a new action was instituted in the state circuit court, was tried, and resulted- in a verdict anld judgment for plaintiff. Upon appeal to tills court such judgment was affirmed, and on or about November 3, 1913, respondent, as attorney for Perre-ault, received in- ¡satisfaction of such judgment a draft for $2,219.55. ' Tills amount included costs in this and the circuit court, as well as interest on the judgment — the amount of recovery, exclusive oif costs and) interest, being $1,990. Respondent presented to his- client 'a statement of moneys which he claimed to have paid out oar behalf of such client on account of said action, .and' offered! to pay the balance of one-half of the $1,990, and interest. Perreault refused to accept the offer and demanded an itemized! .statement of the account. Perrault wrote respondent several times asking for such itemized statement and for the money due him; and respondent .replied to. the fetters promising to have such statement prepared and sent to Perreault. Finally, under- date- of December 21, 1913, respondent: wrote Perreault as follows:

“I ¡have been away from1 my office for some time, and have had no opportunity to answer your letter until now. I did not like the tone of your 'letter, and, as I have stated before, I have the money here, and any time you want it you can call for it.”

Perreault afterwards employed1 attorneys at Ell< Point, S. D., Perreault's home, to collect what was due him from respondent. These attorneys corresponded with respondent, and finally, almost three months after his ‘Client had first demanded it, respondent sent an itemized statement to the said attorneys. He deposited the balance shown thereby to the credit of Perreault in a Sioux Palls bank, andl sent a 'duplicate deposit slip to his attorneys. Perreault directed the return of the deposit slip, and refused to accept the amount thereof in settlement of his claim. Perreault, through his attorneys, instituted an action against respondent in the district court of Woodbury ociunty, Iowa, to. recover from respondent the amount clamed to be due, $1,058.85. Respondent procurad the dismissal of such action upon the ground that the original notice therein was served upon him- at S'ioux City at a time when he was privileged from, the service of process. Respondent soon thereafter commenced an action against Perreault and his attorneys seeking to. recover damages in the sum of $15,000 claimed to have been suffered by reason of the commencement of Perreault’s action against respondent. This action is now pending. Among the items wrongfully charged against Perreault in the itemized statement furnished was one of $55 for services alleged to have been performed by ene E. E. Pierson in the United States court. At the time such services were rendered Pierson, was a law clerk in respondent’s office. Another item wrongfully charged against Perreault was $180, stated to be ■“for cash advanced while case was pending.” The only money so advanced was one item of $20 which had been repaid prior to the collection of Perreault’s judgment. Twenty-five dollars was charged for “expert fees, for expert evidence, paid by George W. Elgan,” and another $25 for moneys stated toi have been paid “Dr. M. H. Egan, physician’s fees for examination, paid at direction of Perreault.” Twenty-five dollars was paid Dr. Egan as an expert witness; the other charge was wrongful. Ten dollars was charged! far “opinion an case at Elk Point.” No opinion was ever asked for; hut Perreault once had1 a casual conversation with respondent in relation to such case. ' There was a charge of $10 far “special counsel fee's, cash paid by George W. Egan,” 'but which fee was never paid by respondent. Respondent has at all times since collecting Perreault’s judgment “been indebted to said Perreault in .a 'sum- greatly 'in excess of -the amount of money deposited 'in. the1 Sioux Falls Savings Bank to the 'Credit of Perreault.” The itemized statement rendered P'erreault’s attorneys 'by respondent gave no credit for costs collected! by respondent as a part of the judgment against the Granite Company. There was $91.55 taxed in. this' and the circuit courts, of which $36 w;as statutory fees not representing disbursements. The referees- found: ; _

“That the -said! statement of account, Exhibit 23, was wrongfully and ideliberately padded by the said Egan with the express purpose of wrongfully and fraudulently -withholding from his client, the said Perreault, moneys justly -due him as the proceeds of said judgment.”

And they concluded that respondent’s conduct in relation to the Perreault matter “was dishonest, unprofessional, and fraudulent.”

The ultimate question presented to the court in a disbarment proceeding is:

“Do all the .facts established by the evidence prove to the satisfaction of the court that the respondent i© unfitted to. be an attorney at law?” In re Egan, 36 S. D. 228, 154 N. W. 521.

The referees concluded:

“That the conduct of the respondent, George' W. Egan, as shown by the findings of fact relating to> the Kicklandi, Hatland, Renner, and P'erreault charges, shows the respondent, George W. Egan, to be a person unfit to practice as an attorney at law, andt a judgment canceling 'his license to' practice law in the state of Sou-tlii Dakota should be made and entered in this proceeding.”'

With such conclusion we fully agree. The evidence in this case, even that of respondent himself, discloses that respondent is .possessed - of a consuming .passion to enrich himself at the expense of, and regardless of the rights of, those who, reposing confidence in him, have come to> him as clients. It was this weakness that led to. his previous disbarment. In re Egan, 22 S. D. 355, 117 N. W. 874. If is this: weakness that, even accepting-bis version of -the Hatlandi matter as - true, kept -him -from- seeking out the guardian of Hatland as soon as he learned of -his appointment, and, before any demand was made, voluntarily restoring to him the money which he had n-ot, anid- -under the existing circumstances could not have, earned. It is this weakness which, even accepting his version of the Kickland matter, caused him to- take from Kickl'and a contract under which hie -believed he would receive not les-s than $2,000 'for merely nominal services. It is this weakness that, accepting his version of the Renner matter, caused him to extort from Renner, -when Renner was under a great mental strain, $4,000 -to which he was not then, and never afterwards became, entitled1. It was this weakness which, even, under his version of -the Perreault matter, caused him to require from Perreault, as a condition precedent to instituting the- second action in -the state circuit count, a new anid) oiral contract radically different from the written one theretofore entered into- and which he must have known was binding upon him, and which caused him to fail to credit to- his client al-1 that to- which 'lie was entitled to credit -even under such alleged oral contract. One of the most serious matters presented to us is disclosed' by a comparison of respondent’s sworn testimoney with- the facts • found by the referees. Such comparison discloses that the referees must have believed that respondent testified untruthfully in -regard to many of the material issues herein.

That the facts require a judgment of disbarment is. too clear to justify our extending this opinioto by the citation -of authorities to support such conclusion. If authorities are de-sired, they will be fou-nid -cited in the numerous -ca-seis -hereinbefore mentioned wherein respondent has 'been before this court in matters pertaining to his disbarment. When respondent last sought readm-ls-si-om to practice, h,e -in open co-urt stated that he wanted “a chance to- -come bade. * * * If you give me the right to practice law, you will have no reason to -regret it.” The chance was given, but respondent h-as proven himself unworthy the mercy shown him-; he has given- -to those who- thus trusted him ample cause to feel- that they -committed a 'great wrong to the people of this state when) they the second time placed1 in his hands authority to .act as an officer of the courts of this state. It is with a full realization of all that our -decision means to respondent that we now affirm -the repor-t of the referees and adjudge that respondent’s license be -canceled and his name stricken from the list of the attorneys of this state, and he be required to ,p:ay the costs of this proceeding.