{¶ 3} In May of 2006, the SCDJFS became involved with the family on an informal basis. On August 21, 2006, SCDJFS filed a complaint alleging that Dylan and Luna were dependent and neglected children. The initial concern that led to the filing of the complaint was the condition of the children's home. Specifically animal feces on the flooring, an overwhelming odor of animal urine, cluttered rooms, unsanitary kitchen conditions including dirty dishes, overflowing litter box, flies and an inoperable toilet. The children were found to be extremely dirty and uncared for. The agency also intervened due to inappropriate discipline by the father. The complaint was filed after the parents failed to comply with voluntary services that were offered them.
{¶ 4} On November 7, 2006, the children were found to be dependent and temporary custody was given to the SCDJFS. Appellant-father's case plan included the following requirements: 1). complete a parenting evaluation and follow its recommendations; 2). complete the parenting skills classes with Goodwill Industries; 3). *3 submit to a substance abuse assessment at Quest Recovery Services, submit random urine screens and follow all recommendations issued as a result of the assessment; and 4). engage in individual counseling.
{¶ 5} On July 9, 2007, SCDJFS filed a motion for permanent custody of the children. On July 23, 2007, the paternal uncle, Joshua B., filed a motion seeking legal custody of the children.
{¶ 6} On November 6, 2007, a permanent custody and Motion for Change of Legal Custody evidentiary hearings were conducted. The following evidence was presented during the hearings.
{¶ 7} Appellant-father did complete his parenting evaluation. That evaluation recommended parenting education and long term individual therapy. He began counseling with his wife at Community Services, Inc. Following initial joint sessions, the counselor recommended that the parents receive individual counseling due to "couples' issues." Accordingly, appellant was referred to another counselor within the agency. The counselor recommended that the appellant-father receive counseling to address depression and anxiety for a minimum of one year. Appellant-father did not follow through and initiate individual counseling.
{¶ 8} Appellant-father received an alcohol and other drug assessment from Quest Recovery Services. That agency did not recommend any follow up treatment. Appellant-father did submit to random urinalysis during the pendency of the case that revealed him to have used cocaine and marijuana in May 2007. He admitted to marijuana use in January 2007 in his testimony in court. *4
{¶ 9} Appellant and his wife were arrested in March 2007 for domestic violence. Appellant was also charged with disruption of public service. The domestic violence charge was reduced to disorderly conduct with persistence. The couple separated from each other in the spring of 2007. Anger management was not a concern raised by appellant-father's parenting evaluation. Initially, appellant-father did not have independent housing and he resided with relatives after the separation from his wife. At the time of the hearing on the motion for permanent custody, appellant-father had an efficiency apartment that has no facilities for the children. He is employed at a McDonald's restaurant.
{¶ 10} Appellant-father did attend parenting education through Goodwill Services where he received a certificate of attendance. That is the agency's designation for the lowest level of achievement. The appellant's instructor found him to be appropriate in exercising discipline over the children, utilizing techniques he learned in class.
{¶ 11} On November 29, 2007, the court filed its Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law terminating appellant-father's parental rights, denying the change of legal custody to Joshua B., and granting permanent custody of the minor children to SCDJFS.
{¶ 13} "I. STARK THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY GRANTING PERMANENT CUSTODY OF THE BURKHART CHILDREN TO THE STARK COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF JOB AND FAMILY SERVICES BECAUSE ITS DETERMINATION THAT REASONABLE EFFORTS TO ASSIST THE PARENT TO COMPLETE THE *5 CASE PLAN AND THAT THE DEPARTMENT USED REASONABLE EFFORTS TO PREVENT THE REMOVAL OF THE CHILDREN WAS AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE.
{¶ 14} "II. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY GRANTING PERMANENT CUSTODY OF THE BURKHART CHILDREN TO THE STARK COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF JOB AND FAMILY SERVICES BECAUSE IT'S DETERMINATION THAT THE MINOR CHILDREN CANNOT OR SHOULD NOT BE PLACED WITH APPELLANT WITHIN A REASONABLE TIME WAS AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE.
{¶ 15} "III. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY GRANTING PERMANENT CUSTODY OF THE BURKHART CHILDREN TO THE COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF JOB AND FAMILY SERVICES BECAUSE ITS DETERMINATION THAT THE BEST INTERESTS OF THE MINOR CHILDREN WOULD BE SERVED BY GRANTING OF PERMANENT CUSTODY WAS AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT AND SUFFICIENCY OF THE EVIDENCE.
{¶ 16} "IV. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY DENYING THE MOTION OF JOSHUA BURKHART, A SUITABLE RELATIVE FOR CUSTODY OF THE BURKHART CHILDREN IN VIOLATION OF THE BEST INTEREST STANDARD."
"[T]he right to raise a child is an `essential' and `basic' civil right." In re: Murray (1990),
{¶ 17} An award of permanent custody must be based upon clear and convincing evidence. R.C.
{¶ 18} Moreover, "an appellate court should not substitute its judgment for that of the trial court when there exists competent and credible evidence supporting the findings of fact and conclusion of law." Id. Issues relating to the credibility of witnesses and the weight to be given the evidence are primarily for the trier of fact. As the court *7
explained in Seasons Coal Co. v. Cleveland (1984),
{¶ 19} "The underlying rationale of giving deference to the findings of the trial court rests with the knowledge that the trial judge is best able to view the witnesses and observe their demeanor, gestures and voice inflections, and use these observations in weighing the credibility of the proffered testimony." Moreover, deferring to the trial court on matters of credibility is "crucial in a child custody case, where there may be much evident in the parties' demeanor and attitude that does not translate to the record well." Davis v.Flickinger,
{¶ 22} Following the hearing, R.C.
{¶ 23} Therefore, R.C.
{¶ 25} In the case at bar, the children were removed from the home on August 18, 2006. (T. at 6). The original Complaint for temporary custody was filed in this case on August 21, 2006. (Id.). The motion for permanent custody was filed July 9, 2007. The record establishes that when SCDJFS filed its motion for permanent custody, the children had not been in its custody for twelve or more months of a consecutive twenty-two month period.
{¶ 26} In the case at bar, the trial court incorrectly determined the children had been in its temporary custody for twelve or more of the prior twenty-two consecutive months. However, this is not fatal to the permanent custody motion filed by SCDJFS. "If a ground other than R.C.
{¶ 28} R.C.
{¶ 29} "(A)(1) Except as provided in division (A)(2) of this section,at any hearing held pursuant to section
{¶ 30} "By its terms, R.C.
{¶ 31} "To the extent that the trial court relies on R.C.
{¶ 32} When the state intervenes to protect a child's health or safety, "[t]he state's efforts to resolve the threat to the child before removing the child or to permit the child to return home after the threat is removed are called `reasonable efforts.' Will L. Crossley, Defining Reasonable Efforts: Demystifying the State's Burden Under Federal Child Protection Legislation (2003), 12 B.U.Pub.Int.L.J. 259, 260." In re: CF,
{¶ 33} The record established that SCDJFS had worked with the family since August 2006 on both an informal and formal basis. There were concerns of poor home conditions and hygiene. The agency caseworker spoke with the parents weekly regarding their case plan services. She provided phone numbers, talked to providers, *12 made appointments, addressed visitation concerns and the agency paid for all of the parent's services.
{¶ 34} However, the parents displayed an unwillingness to put the program goals into action and continued to have a home that was cluttered, unclean and hazardous for children.
{¶ 35} We find that the evidence established that SCDJFS did provide services designed to alleviate the problem that led to the children's removal and did make diligent efforts to assist appellant in remedying the problem.
{¶ 36} Appellant's first assignment of error is overruled.
{¶ 38} The court must consider all relevant evidence before determining the child cannot be placed with either parent within a reasonable time or should not be placed with the parents. R.C.
{¶ 39} R.C.
{¶ 40} "(E) In determining at a hearing held pursuant to division (A) of this section or for the purposes of division (A)(4) of section
{¶ 41} "(1) Following the placement of the child outside the child's home and notwithstanding reasonable case planning and diligent efforts by the agency to assist the parents to remedy the problems that initially caused the child to be placed outside the home, the parent has failed continuously and repeatedly to substantially remedy the conditions causing the child to be placed outside the child's home. In determining *14 whether the parents have substantially remedied those conditions, the court shall consider parental utilization of medical, psychiatric, psychological, and other social and rehabilitative services and material resources that were made available to the parents for changing parental conduct to allow them to resume and maintain parental duties.
{¶ 42} "* * *
{¶ 43} "(16) Any other factor the court considers relevant."
{¶ 44} R.C.
{¶ 45} In this case, the trial court made its permanent custody findings pursuant to R.C.
{¶ 46} Appellant-father argues that the evidence established that he has actively changed the circumstances in his life that led to the SCDJFS involvement. He has separated from his wife and mother of the children. He has also obtained separate housing and full time employment. Further, appellant-father has been released from Goodwill Parenting. He argues that he has demonstrated a clear ability to parent his children. He has actively participated in the weekly visitations with his children. *15
{¶ 47} The evidence demonstrated the successful efforts appellant-father had made in the case to regain custody of his children. On that point, the evidence demonstrates that the improvement the appellant-father has made in his life is tentative and, perhaps, temporary, and that he is at risk of relapse. The trial court found that, regardless of appellant's compliance with aspects his case plan, he was still not able to be a successful parent to his children.
{¶ 48} During the permanent custody hearing, the court heard testimony from the caseworker Tina Bossart; Ms. Gaetje, appellant's goodwill parenting instructor; and John Coventry, the therapist who conducted the joint counseling sessions.
{¶ 49} Appellant-father was ordered to comply with a case plan calculated to facilitate the reunification of the family. This case plan included maintaining a safe, clean environment for the children, completing a parenting assessment, Goodwill parenting, substance abuse treatment or evaluation and follow the recommendations of each evaluation. (T. at 8).
{¶ 50} Appellant-father failed to complete counseling services and tested positive for marijuana on one occasion. (T. at 12; 19-21). He did test negative after the positive test and substance abuse issues were no longer at issue. (T. at 22).
{¶ 51} At the time of the hearing, appellant-father was residing in a one-room efficiency apartment, lacking adequate space for the children. (T. at 12, 22). He had recently secured this apartment after living with relatives and friend to friend. (T. at 12, 28). He and the mother of the children were involved in joint counseling. (T. at 16). This counseling ended after an incident of domestic violence occurred in early 2006. (T. at 16). Appellant-father did not complete his individual counseling after this incident. Ms. *16 Bossart indicated, appellant was to contact the counseling agency to set up individual sessions but, as of the time of the hearing, failed to do so. (T. at 20).
{¶ 52} Appellant-father attended the Goodwill Industries parenting class and received a certificate of attendance, the lowest of three possible certificates. (T. at 19). According to Ms Gaetje the certificate of attendance means, "he met only the minimum requirements. So he didn't fulfill a lot of the obligations of our class." (T. at 31). The biggest concern noted by Ms. Gaetje was appellant's "inability to provide a safe and healthy environment for his children." (T. at 31). Ms. Gaetje conducted a home study of the residence when appellant and the mother were still residing together. (T. at 32). She found the home to be fairly cluttered, smelling of urine, home to several animals and full of ashtrays with cigarette butts. (T. at 32). Subsequent to this home study, appellant and the mother separated after a domestic violence incident. Appellant-father then began living with relatives and friend to friend. (T. at 12, 28). Ms. Bossart testified there were times when she had no address for him. (T. at 28).
{¶ 53} John Coventry testified he conducted joint counseling sessions between appellant and the mother. (T. at 44). Mr. Coventry began services due to "violence between the two of them." (T. at 44). Mr. Coventry stated appellant-father was not compliant in coming to the counseling sessions. (T. at 45). Mr. Coventry stated appellant-father became involved late 2006, closer to January 2007 and appellant attended "two at the most" sessions. (T. at 46-47).
{¶ 54} Mr. Coventry then realized the issues in the relationship "were bigger than just couples" counseling. (T. at 48). At that time, Mr. Coventry informed both appellant and mother he could no longer engage them in joint counseling. (T. at 48). Mr. Coventry *17 then scheduled an appointment for appellant-father to come into the office to be referred to another clinician. (T. at 48). Appellant-father did not keep the appointment and did not reschedule. (T. at 49). Mr. Coventry opined that appellant-father is not compliant with counseling services. (T. at 46).
{¶ 55} Based upon the foregoing, the Court properly found the children could not or should not be returned to the appellant-father within a reasonable time. Despite offering numerous services, the appellant-father was unable to mitigate the concerns that led to the children's removal. The trial court found the agency caseworker spoke with the parents weekly regarding their case plan services. She provided phone numbers, talked to providers, made appointments, addressed visitation concerns and the agency paid for all of the parent's services.
{¶ 56} During the best interest portion of the hearing, Ms. Bossart identified the children as Caucasian children suffering from no developmental delays, psychological or medical concerns. (T. at 50-51). The children are placed together. (T. at 131). The children are "doing good" in the home and Luna, who was delayed when removed from appellant's care, has "caught right up. And there's no concerns now." (T. at 51). The children are excited to visit with appellant-father. (T. at 61). The visitations are appropriate. The caseworker also testified that he was both loving and affectionate towards his children. (T. at 60). At the time of the hearing, appellant-father did not have sufficient housing for the children. (T. at 12).
{¶ 57} Ms. Bossart opined that a grant of permanent custody was in the best interest of the children. (T. at 58). Ms. Bossart stated the children "deserve to have stability. Um . . . a stable home, environment, where they can be raised as healthy *18 children." (T. at 58). Ms. Bossart testified the children were not bonded to any other person or relative. (T. at 58). A relative had come forward and requested legal custody of the children, but SCDJFS denied them placement after conducting a home study. (T. at 52 — 60).
{¶ 58} The trial court found "the father shares a bond with both children. The Court finds that despite this bond, the benefits of permanency in the children's lives, particularly given their ages, outweigh the detriments of severing any existing bond."
{¶ 59} Based on the evidence submitted at trial, the court properly determined the best interest of the children would be served by the grant of permanent custody to SCDJFS.
{¶ 60} For these reasons, we find that the trial court's determination that appellant-father had failed to reduce the risk to the child and therefore the child could not be placed with him within a reasonable time or should not be placed with him, was not against the manifest weight or sufficiency of the evidence. We further find that the trial court's decision that permanent custody to Stark County Department of Job and Family Services was in the child's best interest was not against the manifest weight or sufficiency of the evidence.
{¶ 61} Appellant-father's second and third assignments of error are overruled.
{¶ 63} R.C.
{¶ 64} "In the agency's development of a case plan and the court's review of the case plan, the child's health and safety shall be the paramount concern. The agency and the court shall be guided by the following general priorities:
{¶ 65} "(5) If the child cannot be placed with either of the child's parents within a reasonable period or time or should not be placed with either, if no suitable member of the child's extended family or suitable non-relative is willing to accept legal custody of the child, and if the agency has a reasonable expectation of placing the child for adoption, the child should be committed to the permanent custody of the public children services agency or private child placing agency."
{¶ 66} The child's best interests are served by the child being placed in a permanent situation that fosters growth, stability, and security.In re: Adoption of Ridenour (1991),
{¶ 67} A trial court's statutory duty, when determining whether it is in the best interest of a child to grant permanent custody, does not include finding by clear and convincing evidence that no suitable relative was available for placement. In re: *20 Schafer,
{¶ 68} During the best interest phase of the permanent custody hearing, the court received testimony concerning Joshua B. the paternal uncle of the children who had requested custody. The testimony included the caseworker, the mother of the children, and appellant.
{¶ 69} The trial court found SCDJFS did undertake efforts to identify appropriate relative placement for the children. The agency conducted family "team" meetings with the parents in January 2007, to attempt to identify relatives. The mother initially identified no one in her family, as did the appellant-father. One month prior to the filing of the permanent custody action, relative placement forms were given to both parents. The maternal grandfather had sought placement of the children and filed a motion in this case to intervene for custody; however, that motion has been withdrawn.
{¶ 70} Joshua B. and his wife live in the home of his 69-year-old grandmother. The grandmother pays the home mortgage each month and Joshua pays for utilities and food. Joshua and his wife receive minimal income working at McDonalds. Their *21 financial resources were overstated to the agency. The couple is currently expecting another child.
{¶ 71} The caseworker Tina Bossart testified the home study of the relative was not approved due to physical concerns in the home, mental health concerns and financial instability. (T. at 67). Ms. Bossart stated visitation between the children and the relative produced no observable bonding between the parties despite several months of visits. (T. at 58, 63). The children had no previous relationship with the relatives and did not know the relatives when the visitation began. (T. at 63). Ms. Bossart reported Dylan did not want to visit with the relatives. (T. at 64).
{¶ 72} Mother voiced her concern with relative placement of her children. Mother stated, "I don't feel, that they could handle my children, they can't even handle their own." (T. at 81). Mother stated the relatives were "too consumed with what they were doing, rather than what he (their son) was doing." (T. at 82). Mother recalled instances where the relatives did not feed their child and he was eating from the trash or picking food off the floor to eat. (T. at 82). Mother also described verbal and physical confrontations between the proposed custodians, occurring during the months the proposed custodians were residing at mother's home, approximately January 2007. (T. at 83). These incidents including Joshua kicking a TV, telling his son that he was not his father, and telling his son that he hated him. (T. at 83). Mother also stated Joshua brought drugs, specifically marijuana, into her home and they all smoked marijuana together. (T. at 84). *22
{¶ 73} In August 2007, the relatives were offered the chance to submit a hair follicle test at the expense of SCDJFS. (T. at 105). They waited until the end of October 2007 to submit to the test. (T. at 111).
{¶ 74} Mother preferred her children be adopted than placed with the relatives. (T. at 87; 92). On cross-examination, Mother stated she did not have anything against the relatives, but "They are not the best for my kids and I know that. And no matter how much it kills me, I know that." (T. at 91).
{¶ 75} The Court concluded that given the totality of the concerns raised regarding placement, the relative's home exhibits many of the same problems as the home of the parents. The Court found that placement with the relatives would be contrary to the best interest of the children.
{¶ 76} Based upon the testimony, the court properly denied the motion for a change of legal custody. There was sufficient evidence submitted at the hearing to call into question, the relatives' ability to provide a long term, stable placement for the children. The trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying said request and granting permanent custody to the SCDJFS.
{¶ 77} Appellant's fourth assignment of error is overruled. *23
{¶ 78} The judgment of the Stark County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, is affirmed. By Gwin, J., Hoffman, P.J., and Farmer, J., concur
*24Gwin, J., Hoffman, P.J., and Farmer, J., concur.