1 N.Y.S. 120 | N.Y. Sup. Ct. | 1888
Lead Opinion
This is an appeal from a decree of thesurrogateof Kings county, admitting to probate as and for a codicil to the last will and testament of Alfred F. Dunham, late of the city of Brooklyn, deceased, a paper writing, bearing date September 11, 1885, and offered for probate by Mary Nolte, a legatee under said alleged codicil. The testator, at the time of the execution of said paper was 82 years of age, and in his last illness, his death taking place on December 1, 1885. The paper was executed in the house of Mary Nolte, the proponent, where the testator boarded. The said alleged codicil left to said Mary Nolte a legacy of $3,000, but in all other respects confirmed and ratified a prior will, which prior will, dated October 3,1882, was duly admitted to probate by the surrogate of Kings county, to which said will of October 3, 1882, there are no objections by either appellant or respondent. The appellant’s objection that the codicil is void for uncertainty and ambiguity is not well taken. It is about as plain as language can make it that the testator intended to give Mrs. Nolte $3,000, and leave the remainder of his property to be disposed of as stated in the previous will. If the paper of September 11th is to be regarded as a will it disposes of all the property by reference to the former will with sufficient certainty, but the more reasonable view is to regard it as a codicil, as no change is made in the previous will except the giving of $3,000 to Mrs. Nolte.
The evidence is abundant to satisfy the mind and conscience that the testator on the 11th of September, 1885, was competent to make a will, and, considering the services Mrs. Nolte was rendering to the testator, the legacy does not seem unreasonable. Dr. Bond, the physician who attended him, testified that he considered him rational up to nearly the close of his life, and the writing made by the deceased after the 11th of September evinces a mind clear and capable. Much of the testimony of the contestants related to incidents after the codicil was made. In fact no witness testified that prior to September 11, 1885, the testator was of unsound mind or incapable of attending to ordinary business. There was also an utter failure of proof that Mrs. Nolte, or any one in her behalf, exerted any undue influence over the testator. It is not enough to show an opportunity and motive to exert undue influence, but some affirmative acts must be shown which by themselves or by just inference establish coercion or undue influence. In re Ellick, 19 Wkly. Dig. 232. But it is claimed that this codicil is at variance with a former will, made when his sénses were in full vigor, and must be presumed to be the result of undue influence. It is true that a will made by a sick person, contrary to a previous fixed and determined purpose, will be scrutinized closely by the courts to ascertain whether it was a free, voluntary, and intelligent act.
Decision of surrogate affirmed, with costs.
Concurrence Opinion
(concurring.) This is an appeal from the decree of the surrogate of Kings county, admitting to probate an instrument called a “ Codicil, ” to the last will and testament of Alfred F. Dunham, deceased. The testator made a will in October, 1882, and in September, 1885, he made another will in which, after the bequest of a legacy of $3,000 to Mrs. Mary Holte, he gave the remainder of his property as before given and provided for in his former will, so that both instruments were required to constitute the last will and testament of the testator. The last instrument was contested, but the testimony before the surrogate discloses no reason why it should be rejected. The decree of the surrogate should be affirmed, with costs.
NOTE.
Will&emdash;Undue Influence. Where a party asserts that an instrument was obtained by undue influence, the law excluding all presumption of undue influence over a person of sound mind, he is required to prove affirmatively that it was so obtained. Shepardson v. Potter, (Mich.) 18 N. W. Rep. 575. The burden of proof is on the contestants to establish undue influence; and the fact that the will is unjust or unreasonable is not evidence that such influence was exercised. Webber v. Sullivan, (Iowa,) 12 N. W. Rep. 319. The evidence on the part of the party attacking, on the ground of undue influence, the will of a person, of sound mind, must preponderate over the evidence adduced and the presumptions prevailing on behalf of the proponent of the will. Gay v. Gillilan, (Mo.) 5 S. W. Rep. 7.
As to what is competent evidence of undue influence, and what amounts to undue influence, see Bledsoe v. Bledsoe, (Ky.) 1 S. W. Rep. 10, and note; Thompson v. Hawks, 14 Fed. Rep. 905, and note; Saunder’s Appeal, (Conn.) 6 Atl. Rep. 196, and note; Rockwell’s Appeal, Id. 198; Pemberton v. Pemberton, (N. J.) 7 Atl. Rep. 642; Blume v. Hartman, (Pa.) 8 Atl. Rep. 219; Herster v. Herster, (Pa.) 11 Atl. Rep. 410; Trost v. Dingles, (Pa.) 12 Atl. Rep. 297; Schildnecht v. Rompf’s Ex’x, (Ky.) 4 S. W. Rep. 235; McCulloch v. Campbell, (Ark.) 5 S. W. Rep. 590; Slinger v. Calverly, (Wis.) 37 N. W. Rep. 236.