5 F. 783 | D.N.J. | 1881
This is an application to the court to vacate and sot aside the adjudication of bankruptcy made in the case for lack of jurisdiction.
It appears that the alleged bankrupts, Donnelly & Hughes, carrying on the business of butchers in the city of Paterson, New Jersoj, on the eleventh day of July, 1877, purchased of the petitioner, Willard E. Dudley, at Jersey City, 27 head of cattle, at the price of $1;941.70, paying for the same in their checks, payable some days after date; that the cattle were driven over to the city of New York and slaughtered, and sold in tho Washington market, on the next night after the purchase, to various purchasers, for such prices as could bo obtained for the same; that the said Dudley, being advised of these proceedings before the proceeds of the sale
It further appears that Judge Lawrence decided that the assignee was entitled to the money as assets of the bankrupt’s estate; that an appeal was táken to the general term from his decision; but, before any hearing upon the appeal, the same was withdrawn by consent, and the respective parties entered into a written agreement that out of the moneys in controversy there should be first paid to Dudley, the petitioner, the sum of $330 for the costs and expenses of the attachment proceedings, and that the residue thereof, amounting to $1,800.08, should be paid to Brothers as the assignee of Donnelly &\Hughes; but the said payments were made upon the express understanding and agreement “that the arrangement should in no manner or way prejudice any rights, claim, or ownership which the plaintiff, Willard E. Dudley, .may have upon or to the said $1,800.08,” and upon the stipulation on the part of the assignee that the question of the
On the sixteenth of April, 1878, Dudley filed his petition in this court, setting forth the foregoing facts, and praying that the assignee show cause why he should not pay the said $1,800.08 to the petitioner.
The assignee answered the petition, claiming the right to retain the money or assets of the bankrupt estate for the benefit of the general creditors. Evidence was taken, upon a reference to the register having the bankruptcy proceedings in charge; but before the case came before the court for hearing upon the merits, to-wit, November 30, 1880, the ^petitioner filed another petition here, setting up that Brothers had no claim upon the fund, for the reason that he was not the assignee of Donnelly & Hughes, the adjudication in bankruptcy against them being void for want of jurisdiction of the court over the case. It is insisted that this is a jurisdictional matter, and as such takes precedence of all other matters, and that it may be raised at any time by any one who is party to the bankruptcy proceedings. This seems at once to suggest the question whether a creditor of a bankrupt, who has obtained a preference over other creditors by proceedings in attachment against his debtor, will be allowed to come in by petition and contest the validity of the adjudication in bankruptcy. Such a question is decided by ascertaining who are parties to a creditors’ petition. Some of the bankrupt courts have held that only the petitioning creditors, on the one part, and the bankrupt on the other, are properly parties to the proceedings, (see Karr v. Whittaker, 5 N. R. R. 123; Boston, H. & E. R. R. 5 N. B. R. 232; In re Bush, 6 N. B. R. 179;) while others have maintained “that an involuntary petition partakes of the nature of a proceeding in rem, in which all the creditors of the bankrupt have a direct interest, and hence are entitled to be heard whenever they can satisfy the court that their rights as creditors are to be affected by
Various grounds are alleged in the petition, and were urged in the argument at the hearing, why the proceedings should be dismissed for want of jurisdiction by the court, but only one seems to have been urged with confidence by the counsel for the petitioner, to-wit, that the creditors’ petition in bankruptcy, and also' the debts of the petitioning creditors, were verified before a notary public, and that the notary failed to affix to the deposition and proofs his notarial seal. It might, perhaps, be a sufficient answer to the objection to say that the affidavits and proofs were not taken until the month of July, 1877, and that the congress of the United States, on the fifteenth of August, 1876, (19 St. at Large, 206,) passed an act authorizing notaries public “to take depositions, and do all other acts in relation to taking testimony, to be used in the courts' of the United States, [and] to take acknowledgments and affidavits, in the same manner and with the same effect as commissioners of the United' States circuit courts may now lawfully take or do.” The bankrupt law, as originally enacted, provided that the petition and inventory, in voluntary eases, should be verified by the oath of the petitioner, taken either before the district judge, or the register, or a commissioner of the circuit court. It did not, in terms, require any verification of the petition in involuntary cases; but the supreme court, in preparing the terms of proceedings, and in analogy to the provisions of the act in voluntary cases, required a verification of an involuntary petition by the same officers.
The twentieth section of the amendment of June 22, 1874, authorized notaries public to take proof of debts against the estate of the bankrupt, stipulating, however, that such proof should be certified by the notary and attested by his signature and official seal. The above-recited act of August 15,
But, without dwelling upon this view, I am of the opinion that the'defects alluded to are matters affecting the regularity of the proceedings, rather than the jurisdiction of the court. The books are full of cases to this effect, although it is admitted that there are some respectable authorities to the contrary. Jurisdiction does not depend upon the manner or the method of verifying either the petition or proofs of debt. In re Simmons, 10 N. B. R. 253; In re Raynor, 11 Blatchf. 43; Ex parte Jewett, 11 N. B. R. 443; In re McKibben, 12 N. B. R. 97; In re Hannibel, 15 N. B. R. 237; In re Roche v. Fore, 21 N. B. R. 461; In re G. W. Gitchell, 8 Ben. 258.
In re Simmons, supra, the late Judge Longyear, following his previous decision In re McNaughton, 8. N. B. R. 44, held that the jurisdiction of the court in nowise depended upon the verification of the petition; that the bankrupt act did not expressly require any verification in involuntary cases; and that a verification w'as only necessary under the rules and regulations of the supreme court in order to found upon the petition an order upon the debtor to show cause why he should not be adjudged a bankrupt.
In re Raynor, supra, the late Judge Woodruff distinctly intimates, by Ms whole course of reasoning, that the question, of jurisdiction is not involved in the method of signing or the manner of authenticating the petition in bankruptcy, in invol
In Ex parte Jewett, supra, Judge Lowell repudiates the idea that the jurisdiction of the court is involved in the proper verification of the petition, or of the claims of the petitioning creditors. He says: “The district court has jurisdiction in bankruptcy of every person, residing within the district, who owes $300 of provable debts; and when a paper which purports to be a petition in bankruptcy, and which alleges such residence and indebtedness, is filed, and an order of notice has been duly served, there is and can be no jurisdictional fact remaining, if the residence and indebtedness to the extent of $300 are admitted. The court may then proceed to allow or refuse amendments, or anything else proper for a court to do that has undoubted jurisdiction of the subject-matter and the parties.”
In re D. W. Gitchell, supra, the same question arose before Judge Blatchford which is presented here, and was urged as a ground for dismissing the proceedings. It was an involuntary case. The petition was filed on the twenty-fifth of February, 1875, before the act of August 15, 1876, became a law. There was a default on the return of the rule to show cause. An adjudication was ordered, and an assignee regularly appointed, who proceeded to administer the estate. In the month of November following a creditor presented to the court a petition, praying that the adjudication of bankruptcy and the proceedings thereunder be vacated, for the reason that the original petition had been verified before a notary public, an officer not then qualified to perform such an act. The learned judge, speaking of the verification of the petition by a notary public, said: “This was irregular, but the irregularity did not affect the jurisdiction of the court. If, before the adjudication was entered, the irregularity had been brought to the notice of the court, it could and would have been remedied. But the question as to whether the petition is verified before a proper officer is one of practice and not of jurisdie
The serious consequences which would result from holding, in conformity with the petitioner’s claim, that any irregularity or defect in the preliminary proceedings renders the adjudication void ab initio, are forcibly stated by Judge Woodruff in In re Raynor, supra. No title to real estate, acquired under bankruptcy proceedings, would be safe, no matter to what extent the bankrupt’s property had been administered and distributed, or how many suits have been instituted and successfully maintained by the assignee to recover real or personal estate which the bankrupt had disposed of in fraud of his creditors. Everything would be liable to be disturbed and unsettled at any stage of the proceedings, if the court is bound to treat such irregularities and defects as jurisdictional facts.
In the present case more than three years elapsed from the date of adjudication before any question was raised. In the meantime the assignee, unconscious of risk, and presuming upon the regularity of the adjudication and the validity of his appointment, has been performing generally the duties of his position, compromising claims, bringing actions, and distributing assets.
Treating the adjudication as void, he becomes a tort-feasor, and is liable as a trespasser for the honest execution of a trust which the court obliged him to perform by virtue of his office.
Such considerations are not conclusive against the construction of the law contended for by the petitioner, but they afford very reasonable grounds for believing that the congress, in framing the act, never intended an interpretation should be given to it which would lead to such results.
It follows, from this view, that any irregularity in verifying the petition, or the debts of the petitioning creditors, may
The application to vacate and set aside the adjudication is denied.