590 P.2d 1117 | Mont. | 1979
delivered the opinion of the Court.
This is an appeal by the parents of a minor child from a judgment and order entered October 17, 1977, in the Youth Court of the Tenth Judicial District, Fergus County, the Honorable LeRoy L. McKinnon presiding. The judgment delcared T.E.R. to be a Youth in Need of Care and awarded permanent custody of T.E.R. to the Department of Social and Rehabilitation Services of the State of Montana (SRS) with authority to consent to her adoption.
On October 29, 1975, James Longin, the principal at T.E.R.’s
Among other things, testimony indicated that T.E.R. is bright for her age but not well adjusted. In February 1977, shortly before her twelfth birthday and while attending the fourth grade, she exhibited this poor adjustment by damaging two ceiling tiles in a restroom at her school. The school’s principal, who had been working with T.E.R. and her parents periodically for two years, wrote her parents detailing the incident and suggested certain changes in their treatment of T.E.R.
A few weeks after this incident, Ms. Knopp placed T.E.R. in 24 hour day care because her stepfather had been hospitalized and her mother was working outside the home at a job which required her presence 24 hours each day. After a month had passed under this arrangement, Ms. Knopp told T.E.R. that she would be taking her back home shortly. T.E.R. reacted to this suggestion with some alarm and, after some prodding, told Ms. Knopp of recent incidents of sexual abuse by her stepfather. The incidents had allegedly increased in frequency since her mother had taken the job which kept her away from the family home.
On Monday, April 15, 1977, two days after their talk, Ms. Knopp took T.E.R. to a doctor who performed a pelvic examination. The doctor told Ms. Knopp that there was evidence of sexual contact’ and Ms. Knopp immediately placed T.E.R. in a foster home in Harlowton, Montana. One week later, on Monday, April 22, 1977, the deputy county attorney for Fergus County, filed a petition for youth hearing, alleging that T.E.R. was a youth in need of supervision because of the February incident at school and because she was “habitually disobedient and beyond parental control”. On May 4, 1977, a hearing was held at which T.E.R. was
Subsequent hearings, on July 7 and August 4, primarily addressed allegations of physical and sexual abuse by T.E.R.’s stepfather. T.E.R.’s stepfather denied these allegations and, through his attorney, attempted to prove that T.E.R. had a reputation for untruthfulness and that if she had been sexually active, it would have been with neighborhood boys.
On appeal the parents present four issues for our consideration. They can be summarized and stated as follows:
1. Whether the Youth Court erred in allowing the child to testify outside the presence of her parents as to the alleged sexual and physical abuse by her stepfather.
2. Whether the Youth Court abused its discretion in making a finding of sexual abuse based primarily on the child’s disputed testimony.
3. Whether the Youth Court erred by considering T.E.R.’s report cards, submitted subsequent to the hearing by the Department of Social and Rehabilitation Services.
4. Whether the State followed proper procedures in taking T.E.R. into custody and maintaining custody pending the Youth Court’s ultimate determination on the petition alleging her to be a youth in need of care.
T.E.R. testified on two occasions; both times she was permitted to testify outside the presence of her parents. On the first occasion,
The parents argue that the allegations made by T.E.R. in the course of her testimony amounted to charging her stepfather with criminal conduct and that he was therefore constitutionally entitled to confront his accuser. We do not agree. At the outset it should be noted that a “petition alleging abuse, neglect, or dependency is a civil action brought in the name of the state of Montana. . . .” Section 10-1310(3), R.C.M.1947, now section 41-3-401(3) MCA. The overriding policy which underlies all actions involving abused children is “to provide for the protection of children whose health and welfare are adversely affected and further threatened by the conduct of those responsible for their care and protection.” Section 10-1303, R.C.M.1947, now section 41-3-101(2) MCA. Under circumstances such as those presented in the instant case, it may be necessary for a child’s testimony to be taken outside the presence of “those responsible for their care and protection.” We therefore hold that a child may testify outside the presence of this parents in a case involving allegations of abuse and neglect, subject to cross-examination by the parents’ attorney, when the presiding judge determines that it is the most likely method of discovering the whole truth as to the alleged abuse or neglect.
The next issue presented refers to the court’s Finding of Fact No. 12:
“12. That the step-father has fondled the said youth, and has attempted to have sexual relations with her on many occasions when the mother was not in the home.”
The parents argue that the judge erred in making such a finding in light of testimony adduced at the hearing that T.E.R. has lied at times to avoid punishment and that she does not wish to live with
The parents’ third issue concerns T.E.R.’s school report card which was submitted to the judge for his consideration some time after the conclusion of the August 4 hearing. In fact he did not receive the report card until sometime in October. As evidence,'the report card falls within Rule 803(6), Mont.R.Evid., which excepts records of regularly conducted activity from the hearsay prohibition. The fact that the report card was brought to the judge’s attention after the conclusion of the hearing is somewhat disturbing but does not amount to reversible error. First, the report card was not in existence at the time the hearing concluded. Second, the best interest of the child require some degree of flexibility in procedure to insure that all evidence pertaining to the best interests of the child may be considered. In addition, counsel for the parents knew of this report card and has never questioned its authenticity. We find under the circumstances of the instant case that the Youth Court did not err in considering T.E.R.’s report card.
The final issue raised by the parents concerns the procedures by which T.E.R. was taken from her home by Ms. Knopp, the caseworker from SRS. What did not appear from the record as it was submitted to this Court, but what has been made a part of the record pursuant to stipulation of the parties during oral argument, is that a proceeding was held on April 20, 1977. At that time T.E.R.’s mother agreed to the shelter care arrangement proposed by Ms. Knopp, to be implemented pending determination of this matter by the Youth Court. Thus, to prevent any possible embar
Beyond that, however, something more stands out. These proceedings focused primarily on allegations of improper conduct on the part of the stepfather. These allegations were found to be supported by a preponderance of the evidence, and the Youth Court was therefore correct in finding T.E.R.’s stepfather to be “an unfit person to have custody; that by reason of his dominance in the family the youth is unable to avoid his abuse.”
However, a careful review of the record does not reveal that the Youth Court adequately considered the rights of T.E.R.’s mother in awarding permanent custody of T.E.R. to SRS with authority to consent to her adoption. In addition to their rights as a couple, parents may have individual rights with respect to their children. The record in the instant case reveals that the mother’s rights were afforded no more than superficial consideration. Therefore, the order of the Youth Court is vacated to the extent that it applies to T.E.R.’s mother, and the case is remanded to the Youth Court for