179 F. 750 | N.D.N.Y. | 1910
Charles M. Davison was duly adjudicated a bankrupt on the 5th day of May, 1903. The first meeting of creditors was held June 1, 1903, when the First National Bank of Saratoga Springs, N. Y., filed its proofs of claim amounting to $16,127.42 represented by the promissory notes of the bankrupt held by the bank. As collateral security to such indebtedness the said bank held certain life insurance policies upon the life of said Davison calling for about $17,500 on the death of Davison, and giving certain rights and privileges by way of paid-up policies, etc., at an earlier day at election of insured. The annual premiums required to keep same alive amounted to between $800 and $900. The proof of claim alleged a gross indebtedness of $16,127.42, the value of the policies held as security to be $2,714.45, and that the claim over and above such security was $13,-413.97. Since the bankruptcy the said bank has paid the premiums to keep said four policies alive. About July, 1903, the said bank filed a petition for the ascertainment or determination of the value of such securities held by said bank under section 57h of the bankruptcy law. Act July 1, 1898, c. 541, 30 Stat. 560 (U. S. Comp. St. 1901, p. 3443), The trustee took issue thereon and the referee filed an opinion January 25., 1904, as follows:
“There being no surrender value to the policies in the present case it will be necessary to determine their value by arbitration unless some satisfactory accommodation between the bank and the trustee can be reached. Whatever order shall be necessary may be entered, or, in case of disagreement, will be settled upon notice.”
No agreement was reached, and finally, November 16, 1906, the referee made an order directing that their values be determined by litigation before him. Thereupon proofs were taken and an order was entered December 13, 1907, determining the value of the policies as $3,500, and allowing the claim after deducting said sum at $12,627.42. No exception was taken to either of these orders, and there was no appeal or petition for a review until April 2, 1909, when the Citizens’ National Bank, a creditor, filed its petition of review. December 31, 1908, at a meeting of creditors held for the purpose of examining and passing upon the account of the trustee same was approved and allowed, and a first and final dividend was declared under which the said First National Bank became entitled to the sum of $2,031.75. On such accounting the said bank without objection proved that since the adjudication in bankruptcy of said Davison it has paid the sum of $5,568.89 in premiums to protect and preserve such security in force.
As the policies had no cash surrender value, a conceded fact, the referee proceeded on due notice and hearing to determine the value of
“a. Proof of Claims shall consist of a statement under oath, in writing, signed by a creditor setting forth the claim, the consideration therefor, and whether any, and, if so what, securities are held therefor, .and whether any, and, if so what, payments have been made thereon, and that the sum claimed is justly owing from the bankrupt to the creditor. * * *
“h. The value of securities held by secured creditors shall he determined by converting the same into money according to the terms of the agreement pursuant to which such securities were delivered to such creditors or by such creditors, and the trustee, by agreement, arbitration, compromise, or litigation, as , the court may direct, and the amount of such value shall be credited upon such claims, and a dividend shall be paid only on the Unpaid balance.”
The assignments to the bank of the two policies issued by the New York .Iyife Insurance Company were straight-out assignments “as security for all notes signed by me, or to be signed by me, or indorsed by me, and all renewals of the same in whole or in part.” There is no suggestion of any agreement as to the mode in which the value of the policies shall be determined, or the manner in which they shall be sold or disposed of for the purpose of realizing thereon in case the assignor (insured) should not pay the notes at maturity. It was of course contemplated that the bank in such event could, if it saw fit, convert them into money and collect in due course, any balance. The bank did not agree to continue .the loan until the maturity of the policies, paying the premiums, if necessary to preserve the security, and trust to the security for reimbursement on the death of the insured. Nor did if expressly or impliedly agree that, if it saw fit to realize what it could on the securities in case of default in payment of the notes, it'would take pay or realize in one of the modes specified in the policies themselves; that is, by.exercising one of the option's. The assignments to the bank .of the tw.o policies issued, by the Home Life Insurance Company are quite different in terms. They read:
“For value received, I do hereby assign; transfer and set over the above-described policy of assurance and all sums, of money, interest, benefit and advantage whatsoever, now due or hereafter to become due by virtue thereof, subject to all the terms and conditions' therein expressed unto-the First NaJ tional Fank of Saratoga Springs, New York, In trust for the following uses and purposes, viz.: First to secure to it, the payment of any sum or sums of money which, at the date of any settlement of the- policy, may be due and owing from me for any moneys which,I may have received from it, or which it may have paid or be liable to payfoYme, or for premiums-on the said policy with, interest.- Second, to. pay the .remainder ; of jthe amount which it may; receive upon the said policy according to. its terms, and I do hereby direct, authorize and empower the said, trustee, to demand .and collect the amount assured'By theVaid"policy and to' ápply ktíd pa^over the1 same ás aforesaid.”
The Citizens’ National Bank also contends that the bank should be compelled to surrender these policies" to the trustee for the benefit of the estate, if allowed the present value of the policies as determined
It is useless to speculate as to what the rights of the parties might have been or would be had the trustee or creditors offered to purchase the policies at a greater sum than the'court or referee fixed as their value. Probably such offer or offers would have determined that their value was at least that sum, but, even then, the bank was not under obligation to let the policies go, except to some one willing to pay more than it would. Here, so far as appears, the trustee did not offer to purchase the policies or tender the amount fixed as their value and demand their surrender. Clearly, the bank cannot be compelled to part with its securities for a debt, there being no preference, until its debt is paid in full, except in case the securities are sold or converted into cash, and in such case it is entitled to the proceeds of the sale or conversion to apply on the debt. The bank cannot be compelled to part with or surrender its security for the reason it receives a dividend, or as a condition of receiving a dividend, after crediting the present value of the security as determined by arbitration or by litigation as the court directs. It is, of course, true that the trustee became the owner of all these policies subject to the rights of the bank. He took them in the same plight and condition and subject to the same equities
The bankruptcy law in plain terms says that in such a case as this the secured creditor may prove his debt, have the value of his security determined, credit such value, and have a dividend on the balance except in cases where the contract of pledge provides a way of converting it into money, in which case that is to be done under and pursuant to the terms of the contract or agreement under which the thing pledged is held. In the absence of something in the bankruptcy act to the contrary I am of the opinion that, in cases where the value of the security is determined by agreement, arbitration, or litigation as the court directs, it is contemplated that the secured creditor is to retain such securities, after receiving the dividends, subject to such .claims as others may have therein or thereon wiien finally converted into money. With this the contract of pledge may have something to do while in cases where the contract is silent the rights of the parties would be determined by the general rules of law applicable. This seems to have been the ruling under the prior bankruptcy act, the provisions of which, in this regard, were substantially the same as those of the present law. See cases cited. The Citizens’ National Bank does not point out any error in the rulings of the referee or in the mode of arriving at the value of the policies which operates to the injury of that bank, a creditor of the bankrupt. Clearly borrowing under the options or taking paid-up policies would not have given a ¡greater value than was fixed by the referee. I do not see that the policies could have been converted into cash in any way that would have produced more than $3,500. I am not called upon to decide what the rights of the parties or of the trustee would be should the insured die before the estate is finally closed, or even thereafter.
I do not find it necessary to pass upon the question raised by the First National Bank, that the order providing for fixing the value by litigation and the order fixing such value cannot now be reviewed, for the reason a petition for the review thereof was not filed in time, although it would seem that the point is well taken. Bacon v. Roberts, 146 Fed. 729, 77 C. C. A. 155; In re Holmes, 142 Fed. 391, 73 C. C. A. 491; In re Chambers Calder & Co., 6 Am. Bankr. Rep. 709; In re Grant, 16 Am. Bankr. Rep. 256, 143 Fed. 661. And see prior opinion of this court in Re Nichols, 22 Am. Bankr. Rep. 216, 220, 221, 166 Fed. 603.
The orders of the referee are affirmed.