66 Ind. App. 435 | Ind. Ct. App. | 1918
— Section 67 of the Workmen’s Compensation Act (Acts of 1915 p. 392) is to the effect that every employer shall keep a record of all personal injuries suffered by his employes in the course of their employment, and that within certain specified- times certain reports of the facts shall be made in writing by the employer involved in ea.ch case, and mailed to the Industrial Board on blanks to be procured from the board for that purpose, and that any employer who refuses or neglects to make such reports ‘ ‘ shall be liable to a penalty of not more than twenty-five dollars for each refusal or neglect, to be recoverable in any court of competent jurisdiction in a suit by the board.” By the terms of §2 every employer, except as otherwise stated in the act, is presumed to have accepted, and to have elected to be bound by, its compensatory requirements, unless he shall have given notice to the contrary as provided by §3.
The Industrial Board seeks the opinion of this court as indicated by certified questions based on said sections to the following effect: (1) Is. an employer who has availed himself of the exemption features of §§2 and 3 required to make the reports specified by §67? (2), In whose name as plaintiff should an action to recover a penalty under §67 be prosecuted? (3) .Where an employer resides and con-ducts his business in Madison county, and an employe suffers an injury there, in what county is the venue of such an action?
1. There are certain provisions of the act that seem to require that the first question be answered in the affirmative. Thus §3 is to the effect that an employer by serving and posting a notice to that' effect may exempt himself from the
There is another viewpoint from which such conclusion is rendered more certain. Thus, while the creating of a compensatory scheme was ■ prominent among the purposes that led to the enactment, yet there were other purposes, among them, as indicated by the title, being “to promote the prevention of industrial accidents.” In order that industrial accidents may be prevented to the extent reasonably possible, a first essential is that it may be known that accidents happen, and the circumstances and the working conditions under which they happen. To that end the reports specified by §67 are required to be made, which reports for a like purpose the board, by the provisions of §57, is required to tabulate, and to' publish the tabulations periodically. In any scheme to prevent industrial accidents, the' question of whether the employer involved in any particular accident is operating under the compensatory features of the act is not an important or essential element. Further to carry out such preventive purpose, and also to unify its administration, by the terms of §52 of the act, the bureau of inspection was abolished, and its powers and duties conferred by law were continued in force and transferred to the Industrial Board. Such powers and duties so trans
From what we have said, it appears that by virtue of §252, supra, a person expressly authorized by statute to do so may sue. That section is yet in force. Section 1356, supra, simply construes the word “person” as used in §252. But the Workmen’s Compensation Act, supra, is a later enactment than either of these sections, and by its provisions the board, regardless of whether it be a body politic or corporate, is expressly authorized by statute to sue for the penalties incurred under such section. It would therefore seem from a construction of §252 with §67 that the board may maintain the action provided for by the latter section. The Workmen’s Compensation Act makes no disposition of the amount of any such penalty that may be recovered, and consequently any such penalty when so recovered belongs to the state. It would therefore seem that the state in its own name may sue to recover such penalty, it being the real party in interest (Durham v. State [1889], 117 Ind. 477, 480, 19 N. E. 327); but prima.facie at least it would seem, as we have said, that the board by §252, supra, and §67 of the Workmen’s Compensation Act, supra, may maintain such a suit, although not a body politic or corporate. An action, however, must be brought in the name of one having a legal entity. 30 Cyc 21, 26, 27. “Entity” means a real being; existence. International Dictionary. “Legal entity” therefore means legal existence. The Industrial Board of Indiana is a creature of the statute. Under the statute its existence is perpetual, although its membership may change, and under the Workmen’s Compensation Act it is charged with
The statute involved here requires that a certain report be made in writing, and that it be mailed to the board. It might very plausibly be argued that
Note. — Reported in 118 N. E. 540.