In Re Borders Group, Inc.
MEMORANDUM OPINION GRANTING THE DEBTORS’ MOTION FOR AN ORDER EXTENDING EXCLUSIVE PERIODS TO FILE A PLAN AND SOLICIT ACCEPTANCES
Pending before the Court is a request of Borders Group, Inc. and its debtor subsidiaries, as debtors and debtors in possession (collectively, the “Debtors”) for an extension of their exclusive periods pursuant to section 1121(d) of the Bankruptcy Code (the “Motion”). (ECF # 864.) The Debtors filed their chapter 11 bankruptcy petitions on February 16, 2011 (the “Petition Date”). In support of the Motion, the Debtors filed the declaration of Holly Felder Etlin, the Debtors’ Senior Vice President — Restructuring (the “Etlin Declaration”). (ECF Doe. # 865.) The Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors (the “Committee”) filed an objection to the Motion (the “Objection”). (ECF Doc. # 920.) Subsequently, the Debtors filed their reply to the Objection (the “Reply”). (ECF Doc. # 944.)
The Debtors’ exclusive period to file a plan currently expires on June 16, 2011
DISCUSSION
The decision whether to grant an extension of a chapter 11 debtor’s exclusivity requires a court to engage in a careful balancing of competing factors.
See In re Ames Dep’t. Stores, Inc.,
No. 90-B-11233,
A. Overview of
The Bankruptcy Code grants a debtor the exclusive right to file a plan during the first 120 days after the order granting relief.
The Bankruptcy Code allows the court, for cause, on request of any party in interest, to reduce or increase the exclusivity periods.
B. Cause Pursuant to
The determination of cause under
Judge Gerber in
Adelphia
outlined the factors a court should consider in deciding whether to grant an extension of ■ exclusivity: (a) the size and complexity of the ease; (b) the necessity for sufficient time to permit the debtor to negotiate a plan of reorganization and prepare adequate information; (c) the existence of good faith progress toward reorganization; (d) the fact that the debtor is paying its bills as they become due; (e) whether the debtor has demonstrated reasonable prospects for filing a viable plan; (f) whether the debtor has made progress in negotiations with its creditors; (g) the amount of time which has elapsed in the case; (h) whether the debtor is seeking an extension of exclusivity in order to pressure creditors to submit to the debtor’s reorganization demands; and (i) whether an unresolved contingency exists.
C. The Committee’s Objection
In this case, the Committee has objected to the Debtors’ request for an additional 120 day extension of exclusivity. The Committee proposed (i) that the Debtors and the Committee should
both
have the exclusive right to file a plan within the extended period, or in the alternative, (ii) that cause does not exist to warrant a 120 day extension. To support the latter contention, the Committee claims that the Debtors’ case is not overly complex; the prospect of reorganizing is remote; and the Debtors have failed to make good faith progress towards reorganization, demonstrate reasonable prospects for filing a viable plan, or make progress in negotiations with creditors. (Objection ¶¶ 16-25.) Although mere “dislike” of the Debtors’ proposals is, by itself, not considered a factor analyzed when considering an extension of the Debtors’ Exclusive Periods,
see Adelp-hia,
The Committee failed to support its Objection with any evidence. The Debtors, on the other hand, have provided evidence of the substantial efforts Debtors have been making to stabilize their business and develop a viable exit strategy. While the Committee raises valid concerns, the Committee’s Objection is premature at this early stage of this very large case. A review of the docket reveals the large amount of activity by the Debtors, seeking to downsize and right-size their business, through store closings and lease modifications resulting in substantial reductions in rent, and other cost reduction efforts. Additionally, the Committee acknowledges that Debtors agreed early in this case to pur
D. Analysis of the Adelphia Factors
In the following sections, the Court evaluates the Adelphia factors, to the extent applicable here. That evaluation leads the Court to grant the Motion to extend exclusivity.
1. Size and Complexity of the Debtors’ Cases
The Committee acknowledges that the Debtors cases are large, but believes that they are not sufficiently complex to justify extending exclusivity. The Court disagrees. The Committee argues that there are no pre-petition secured creditors and no bondholders — just the Debtors’ DIP fi-nancer and unsecured creditors. (Objection ¶ 21.) The Committee also argues that the Debtors’ management has not had to deal with many bankruptcy issues because the Debtors have retained numerous professionals to assist in their day-to-day and bankruptcy obligations.
(IcL)
When this case started, the Debtors had over 600 retail stores, now reduced to approximately 400 stores. The Debtors’ schedules list over $1.6 billion in assets and over $2.6 billion in liabilities. (Motion ¶ 13.) The bar date passed on June 1, 2011 (for nongovernmental units) and the number of creditors is in the thousands.
See Gaines v. Perkins (In re Perkins),
The Debtors still employ over 11,000 employees. (Motion ¶ 14.) Since the Debtors operate in the retail industry, they are parties to hundreds of leases with landlords throughout the country as well as numerous trade vendors. Specifically, as of the petition date, the Debtors were parties to approximately 1,493 contracts and 684 non-residential real property leases.
(Id.
¶ 19.) Making business decisions whether to assume or reject executory contracts and leases, or negotiate modifications, if appropriate, requires the Debtors’ management and advisors to develop a sustainable business plan, and simultaneously respond to inquiries raised by landlords and contract counterparties. (Etlin Decl. ¶ 5.) The Debtors’ illiquid assets
(i.e.,
its leasehold agreements) makes it is difficult to market and sell them with
The Court is familiar with the various pleadings that have been brought before the Court, including the approval of: (i) an extension of the Debtors’ statutory deadline to assume or reject unexpired leases, (ii) lease rejection procedures, (iii) procedures for entering into lease modification agreements, (iv) debtor-in-possession financing, (v) employee incentive and retention plans, (vi) the retention of various professionals and (vii) store closings and going out of business sales. Since the Petition Date, the Debtors have filed 241 stipulations extending their time to assume or reject leases and have negotiated and entered into approximately 100 lease modification agreements. (Reply ¶ 5.) Collectively, these filings illustrate the complexities inherent in the Debtors’ cases. Since “[a] reasonable time in light of the bankruptcy case in its entirety is the root consideration,”
see McLean Indus.,
2. Filing a Viable Plan
The Committee also argues that the Debtors’ exclusivity should not be extended because a viable plan of reorganization is unlikely. (Objection ¶ 22.) The Committee contends that within the next 30-60 days, the Debtors’ assets will likely be sold to one or more buyers and that the Committee believes that a section 363 sale — as opposed to a reorganization plan — will derive the greatest value for creditors. (Id.) But if the Committee favors a section 363 sale, an option the Debtors are currently actively pursuing, the exclusivity period becomes less important. The Committee has certainly not shown that the Debtors are “dragging their heels” in pursuing a sale option. The sale process is likely to proceed most efficiently if the Debtors retain exclusivity and can manage the sale process.
Any section 363 sale of substantially all of the Debtors’ business as a going concern is likely to be followed by a chapter 11 liquidation plan, usually not a time-consuming process to develop. Nor has the Committee explained why such a plan would not be “viable.” Additionally, the Court cannot conclude, at this early stage, that a stand-alone reorganization plan would not be viable. While the Debtors’ operating losses to date have been substantial, the Debtors have offered evidence that their early cost-cutting efforts are bearing fruit. According to the Debtors, their cost-cutting initiatives only started to show results beginning in May and they still have access to over $85 million under their DIP facility. (Reply ¶ 16.) It is certainly premature to write-off the Debtors’ efforts to stabilize their business and implement a sustainable business model. Of course, these very substantial efforts and progress by the Debtors need to be measured against the substantial continuing operating losses Debtors continue to incur as reflected in their operating reports.
In determining whether an exclusivity extension is warranted, courts have considered the likelihood of success of a debtor’s reorganization activities.
See, e.g., Perkins,
During the initial 120 day “exclusive” period, bankruptcy courts have applied a lesser standard in determining whether the burden of showing “a reasonable possibility of a successful reorganization within a reasonable time” has been satisfied.
See Am. Network Leasing v. APEX Pharms., Inc. (In re APEX Pharms., Inc.),
On balance, the Court believes this factor favors extending exclusivity.
3. Progress In Negotiations With The Committee and Good Faith Progress Towards Reorganization
The Committee also asserts that the Debtors have not openly shared information regarding a reorganization plan despite counsel billing the estate $58,000 for time spent drafting and revising a plan and disclosure statement, and having conversations with management and shareholders about such a plan. (Objection ¶ 23.) Because of this purported lack of information sharing, combined with post-petition operating losses, the Committee contends that the Debtors have not proceeded in good faith.
(Id.
¶ 24.) In light of the Debtors’ $180 million loss over the first two and one-half months of the case, it is understandable that the creditors feel they should not be “handcuffed” by the Debtors as losses continue to accumulate.
See In re Timbers of Inwood Forest
Assocs.,
Ltd.,
First, as the Court earlier observed, from numerous hearings in this case so far, the Committee’s and Debtors’ professionals have proceeded cooperatively and resolved almost all disputes — inevitable in a case of this magnitude — between them without Court intervention. For this reason, the Committee’s Objection to an extension of exclusivity comes as a surprise to the Court. The Etlin Declaration contends that, since the Petition Date, the Debtors have been working cooperatively with publishers, landlords and vendors to facilitate an operational restructuring. (Etlin Deck ¶ 8.) Ms. Etlin further submits that the Debtors’ “dual-path” sale process has produced “promising offers” that are being diligently pursued. (Id. ¶ 9.) In the Reply, the Debtors also note that their “professionals have conducted multiple conference calls with the Committee’s professionals every week over the past two months to ensure the free flow of information and a coordinated strategy.” (Reply ¶ 6.) The Court expects cooperation, but that does not mean that the Debtors, or the Committee for that matter, are expected to “share” incomplete plans with other constituencies.
If problems develop with information sharing, the Court can and will deal with
On balance, the Court concludes that this factor favors extending exclusivity.
4. Paying Administrative Expenses as They Become Due
The Debtors submit that they have made and will continue to make all post-petition administrative obligations. The Committee did not contend otherwise in the Objection.
5. The Amount of Time That Has Elapsed; Time Needed to Negotiate a Plan and to Prepare Adequate Information; and Unresolved Contingencies
As explained above, it is premature to conclude that the Debtors are unlikely to submit a viable plan. The June 1, 2001 bar date is important so that the Debtors can understand the number, nature and amount of valid claims against the estate. The Debtors need a reasonable amount of time to review and evaluate these claims. In re Federated Dept. Stores, 1990 Bankr.LEXIS 711, at *11 (Bankr.S.D. Ohio Apr. 13, 1990). Without this information, it is difficult for the Debtors to prepare adequate information. See McLean Indus., 87 B.R. at 835 (“If there is anything that falls under the rubric of ‘adequate information’ required by § 1125(a) of the Bankruptcy Code to be contained in a disclosure statement, it is an approximation of the dividend payable to each unsecured creditor.”) The Etlin Declaration also explained that the Debtors continue to refine their business plan after an early April meeting with the Committee and to negotiate trade terms with publishers (after having reached agreements with many of the smaller ones already). (Etlin Decl. ¶ 8.)
Since the Petition Date, the Debtors submit that they have been busy satisfying the general requirements of a chapter 11 case, such as preparing and filing retention applications, monthly operating reports and other administrative tasks. The Debtors have also been reviewing over one thousand executory contracts and unexpired leases, deciding which ones to assume and reject. As the Debtors continue to pare down these contracts and leases, negotiate lease modifications and new trade terms, the Debtors should be able to present creditors with a more refined business model and projections for future operations — all of which are necessary for filing both a disclosure statement and plan.
E. “Shared” Exclusivity
The Committee contends that the Exclusive Periods should jointly apply to the Committee and the Debtors. In support of the Committee’s proposal to “share” exclusivity with the Debtors, the Committee cites to an order in the
Young Broad
F. Practical Considerations Warrant an Extension of the Exclusive Periods
In
Adelphia,
Judge Gerber acknowledged that “the caselaw factors might not, in every case, by themselves be determinative.”
Here, it is important for the Court to consider the terms of the Debtors’ debtor-in-possession loan (the “DIP Loan”). According to the Etlin Declaration, a termination of exclusivity will cause the Debtors to default under the terms of the DIP Loan. (Etlin Decl. ¶ 11.) DIP Loan § 7.1(m)(8) states that an event of default will occur when there is “the entry of an order terminating [the Debtors’] exclusive right to file a plan of reorganization.” Such a result would lead to disastrous consequences for the Debtors and their creditors. Furthermore, the Committee acknowledges that, at the present time, it does not intend to file its own proposed plan; it just wants to be able to do so without having first to make a motion to reduce Debtors’ exclusivity period. Quite frankly, the Court finds it hard to take the Committee’s position seriously in light of its stated intention not to file a plan at this time.
Terminating exclusivity at this time would also create a situation where the
“Opening the floodgates” to allow each and every one of [the debtor’s creditors] to file a plan, no matter how poorly conceived or supported, would not serve “to secure the expeditious and economical administration of’ this case nor “to carry out the provisions of’ the Bankruptcy Code.
G. Restrictions on Time Extensions
H. Creditors Will Not Be Prejudiced by Extending Debtors’ Exclusivity
Extending Debtors’ exclusivity will not impede the Committee from negotiating with the Debtors with respect to the Committee’s desired outcome — stated for now as a section 863 sale. Whether that would be the best outcome for this case is not clear at this stage.
CONCLUSION
For the reasons explained above, the Court concludes, in the exercise of its discretion, that the Debtors have established cause to extend exclusivity as requested in the Motion. Granting the Motion now, however, does not mean that developments in the case — for better or worse — might justify reducing or increasing the Exclusive Periods in the future.
A separate Order will be entered granting the Motion.
Notes
. See In re Young Broad., Inc., No. 09-10645(AJG) (Bankr.S.D.N.Y. Aug. 12, 2009) [Docket No. 549].
. The Committee did not cite any case law supporting its position for shared exclusivity with the Debtors. But the court in
In re United Press Intern., Inc.,