delivered the Opinion of the Court.
¶1 B.D. appeals an order irom the Fourth Judicial District Court, Missoula County, ordering his involuntary commitment to Montana State Hospital (MSH) for a period not to exceed 90 days. B.D. argues on appeal that the District Court erred by failing to specify in its Involuntary Mental Health Commitment Order the specific statutory basis for commitment, and that the State failed to present sufficient evidence to support an involuntary commitment. The State contends that although the District Court did not specifically cite the statutory scheme, the District Court implicitly found that, as a result of his mental disorder, B.D. presented an imminent threat of injury to others under § 53-21-126(l)(c), MCA, and that the evidence more than supports this finding. We affirm, and address the following issues on appeal:
1. Was there sufficient evidence to support a finding that, as a result of his mental disorder, B.D. required an order ofinvoluntary commitment?
2. Did the District Court err by failing to provide a detailed statement of the facts and basis for BJD.’s commitment?
PROCEDURAL AND FACTUAL BACKGROUND
¶2 B.D. suffered a closed head injury in 2003. Since then, B.D. has been treated for the secondary effects of that brain injury, and was previously involuntarily committed in 2005 and 2008. His current diagnosis is personality change due to a traumatic brain injury. On February 25, 2014, based on reports that B.D. was not consistently taking his medications and was decompensating, the county attorney again petitioned for B.D.’s commitment and for an order of apprehension, examination, and treatment, which the District Court issued. B.D. was detained and treatment was administered, including medications.
¶3 Seven days later, on March 5,2014, the District Court conducted a commitment hearing. Dr. Jay Palmatier testified that, two weeks prior to B.D.’s detention, B.D.’s treating psychiatrist, case manager, and father had met to discuss growing concerns about B.D. At this meeting, it was noted that B.D. had not picked up his medications from the pharmacy for approximately six weeks, and that B.D. was exhibiting increasing paranoia and suspicion. This paranoia was primarily targeted toward his neighbors, whom B.D. believed were “out to get him,” but also directed toward his case manager and members of his treatment team at the Western Montana Mental Health Center.
¶4 Dr. Palmatier further testified that prior to B.D.’s detention, tensions between B.D. and his neighbors had escalated to the point of at least one physical altercation where law enforcement was called to the scene. In addition, B.D.’s employer, who had given B.D. “glowing reports” up until that point, expressed concern about B.D.’s increasing irritability, hostility, and guardedness at work. Further, Dr. Palmatier testified that, for some time, B.D. had been making comments and inquiries about obtaining a firearm as “self protection against anybody who was causing him problems.”
¶5 The District Court entered an order for involuntary commitment not to exceed 90 days, initially to MSH as the least restrictive alternative. B.D. appeals.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
We review the findings of a district court sitting without a jury to determine if the court’s findings were clearly erroneous. See M. R. Civ. P. 52(a)[(6)]. A district court’s findings are clearly erroneous if substantial credible evidence does not support them, if the district court has misapprehended the effect of the evidence or if a review of the record leaves this Court with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been committed.
In re Mental Health of A.S.B.,
DISCUSSION
¶6
¶7 Involuntary civil commitment is a statutory procedure outlined in Title 53, Chapter 21, MCA. A district court faced with a civil commitment petition must determine first if the respondent is suffering from a mental disorder. See § 53-21-126(1), MCA; In re D.M.S.,
(a) whether the respondent, because of a mental disorder, is substantially unable to provide for the respondent’s own basicneeds of food, clothing, shelter, health, or safety;
(b) whether the respondent has recently, because of a mental disorder and through an act or an omission, caused self-injury or injury to others;
(c) whether, because of a mental disorder, there is an imminent threat of injury to the respondent or to others because of the respondent’s acts or omissions; and
(d) whether the respondent’s mental disorder, as demonstrated by the respondent’s recent acts or omissions, will, if untreated, predictably result in deterioration of the respondent’s mental condition to the point at which the respondent will become a danger to self or to others ....
Section 53-21-126(1), MCA. If commitment is justified based on subsection (c), the “[i]mminent threat of self-inflicted injury or injury to others” must be proven by “overt acts or omissions, sufficiently recent in time as to be material and relevant as to the respondent’s present condition.” Section 53-21-126(2), MCA. We have long emphasized the necessity of “strict adherence” to the statutory scheme governing involuntary commitment, given the utmost importance of the rights at stake in such proceedings, and the “calamitous effect of a commitment, including loss of liberty and damage to a person’s reputation.” In re Mental Health of L.K.-S.,
¶8 B.D. first argues that the District Court’s failure to cite the subsection of § 53-21-126(1), MCA, under which it was ordering commitment, was itself a violation of the requirement for strict adherence to the statutory scheme. The State answers that although the District Court failed to cite the specific subsection of the statute it used as a basis for B.D.’s commitment, the court implicitly found that B.D. required commitment under § 53-21-126(l)(c), MCA. We agree with the State. Although the failure to specify the subsection relied upon was clearly an oversight to be avoided, the District Court used language that pointed to § 53-21-126(l)(c), MCA, as the basis for B.D.’s commitment (“Based on his mental state and recent behaviors, Respondent [B.D.] is a danger to himself and others.”).
¶9 B.D. does not dispute on appeal the finding that he suffers from a mental disorder, but argues the State failed to meet its burden of proving the necessity of commitment by clear and convincing evidence, pursuant to § 53-21-126(2), MCA. B.D. emphasizes testimony from Dr. Palmatier that, at the time of the hearing (after B.D. had received seven days of medication and treatment), he “seem[ed] to be recovering, somewhat,” and that he was “less vehement about obtaining a weapon” or making threats to others.
¶10 Dr. Palmatier testified that B.D. failed to pick up his medications for at least six weeks, and B.D., during his own testimony, admitted to not taking his prescribed medication for at least two weeks. B.D.’s parents, employer, and treatment team all noted that B.D. had become increasingly suspicious and paranoid during this period, and that he spoke frequently about multiple conspiracies arrayed against him. On at least one occasion, B.D. was involved in a physical altercation with his neighbors involving a mailbox, where police were called. Dr. Palmatier also testified that, prior to B.D.’s pre-hearing detention and treatment, B.D. had mentioned several times that he wanted to acquire a firearm for “self-protection against anybody who was causing him problems.” Although Dr. Palmatier reported a change in B.D.’s motives regarding a firearm since re-starting treatment, B.D.’s interest in obtaining a gun remained: “[B.D.] states, though, that the only reason that he would need a firearm today, as opposed to several days ago, when he said he would need it to protect himself from neighbors and others, and an invasion from the north — today, he says he just wants it for hunting.” The District Court’s finding that “[B.D.] still expresses a desire to possess a firearm” is not clearly erroneous.
¶11 B.D. argues that the District Court’s Order “recites allegations from the petition
¶12 2. Did the District Court err by failing to provide a detailed statement of the facts and basis for B.D.’s commitment ?
¶13 B.D. argues that the District Court’s verbal and written orders lacked sufficient factual detail to satisfy statutory requirements for an order of commitment. Section 53-21-127(8)(a), MCA, requires that when ordering an involuntary commitment, the district court shall make “a detailed statement of the facts upon which the court found the respondent to be suffering from a mental disorder and requiring commitment.” We have previously faulted a district court’s findings of fact that were insufficient to satisfy the statute. See L.K.-S., ¶ 15 (citations omitted); In re G.M.,
¶14 The District Court found that B.D. “ha[d] stopped taking his medications consistently over the course of the last two months” and was unwilling to voluntarily submit to treatment. It found that B.D. was “extremely paranoid and believed his neighbors are trying to break into his trailer,” and that “his parents are against him and are out to put him in prison.” The District Court noted his statements about his desire to obtain a firearm, and the concerns noted by coworkers, employer, and case manager. It referenced B.D.’s “multiple physical altercations with his neighbors in the last two months.”
¶15 While we emphasize that findings of facts “upon which the court found the respondent to be suffering from a mental disorder and requiring commitment” must be detailed, § 53-21-127(8)(a), MCA, we conclude that the District Court’s findings were sufficient here to satisfy the statute. See In re Mental Health of L.R.,
¶16 Affirmed.
Notes
B.D.’s argument suggests that, because he is prevented under federal law from owning a firearm, due to his prior mental health commitments, his comments about obtaining a weapon should be disregarded. See 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(4) (makingit “unlawful for any person ... who has been adjudicated as a mental defective or who has been committed to a mental institution ... to ship or transport in interstate or foreign commerce, or possess in or affecting commerce, any firearm or ammunition; or to receive any firearm or ammunition which has been shipped or transported in interstate or foreign commerce.”). However, regardless of any legal prohibition he was tinder, B.D.’s statements of interest in obtaining a firearm remained relevant to the proceeding.