509 A.2d 1342 | Pa. Commw. Ct. | 1986
Opinion by
Appellants
Rider filed a petition to reclassify approximately 6 acres of land zoned R-2 Residential located in the Borough of Smithfield, Georges Township along Route 119.
Preliminarily, we note that where the court of common pleas has taken no additional evidence, our scope of review is limited to a determination of whether the Commissioners abused their discretion or committed an error of law in enacting the ordinance. Pace Resources, Inc. v. Shrewsbury Township Planning Commission, 89 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 468, 492 A.2d 818 (1985).
The narrow issue presented for our consideration is, as it was for the court below, whether the rezoning of the Riders’ 6 acres constituted illegal spot zoning. Spot zoning has been defined as “[a] singling out of one lot or
Article I of the Ordinance, entitled “Preliminary Provisions”, provides:
Section 106. Statement of Community Development Objectives^
The Comprehensive Development Plan for Fayette County, including the chapters entitled Fayette County’s Changing Population, The Economy of Fayette County, Land Use and Zoning, Transportation Planning, School Planning, Park and Recreation Planning and Housing, is hereby referenced as Fayette County’s Statement of Community Development Objectives. These objectives include but are not limited to the following:
(a) Promote the proper distribution of population so as to make the most efficient use of existing community facilities and utility*215 services and to preclude the necessity of extending utility services and installing community facilities in areas where the cost of such extensions and installations is prohibitive.
(b) Create living areas and business and industrial districts which are free of incompatible uses.
(c) Clearly define the urban and rural sections of the County recognizing different types of land uses and intensities of development which are appropriate depending upon existing land use patterns, topography, accessibility and the existence of or potential for utilities and community facilities.
(d) Protect the environment of the County by giving special attention to preserving and promoting the County’s natural assets—woodlands, streams and rivers and steep slopes.
(e) Protect the traffic carrying capacity of principal and minor arterial highways by controlling the type and intensity of use of private land along such highways.
(f) . Promote the rehabilitation and proper reuse of scarred and misused land and rehabilitation of demolition of deteriorating or dilapidated structures. (Emphasis added.)
Section 106 of the Ordinance. The Ordinance specifically references the Plan as its statement of community objectives. See Section 606 of the Pennsylvania Municipalities Planning Code (MPC), Act of July 31, 1968, P.L. 85, as amended, 53 P.S. §10606. Although comprehensive plans are not binding upon later actions regarding the enactment or amendment of a zoning ordinance, see Langmaid Lane Homeowners Association Appeal, 77 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 53, 465 A.2d 72 (1983); Todrin
Article III of the Ordinance establishes specific zoning districts designating the uses to which that land can legally be used:
R-2—Residential: for medium density residential development including mobile homes. All community services can be provided, includes land with little or no major topographical problems.
M-2—Heavy Industrial: Areas which have desirable access to community services and/or transportation and which, because of the nature of the uses, should not be located in close proximity to communities.
Sections 301.2 and 301.4 of the Ordinance (emphasis added). It can thus be inferred from the Ordinance that residential uses and industrial uses are incompatible with each other. Because Ordinance No. 83-2 creates an M-2 Heavy Industrial zone which is located in close proximity to R-2 Residential districts, Appellants contend that Ordinance No. 83-2 is unconstitutional.
“When considering the constitutionality of an ordinance, a court must begin with the premise that the ordinance is valid and constitutional.” Hebeisen v. Zoning Board of Adjustment, 2 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 331, 334, 277 A.2d 832, 833 (1971). “[Bjefore a court may declare a zoning ordinance unconstitutional, the challenging party must clearly establish the provisions are arbitrary and unreasonable and have no relation to the
while there are residences in the area of subject property, there are also property uses which are non-residential in nature. Thus immediately adjoining the subject property is property upon which another landowner operates an equipment repair business as a non-conforming use. Such activity, if not a non-conforming use, would be permitted only in an M-2 area as defined by the Fayette County Zoning Ordinance. Additionally, another M-2 zone exists on the opposite side of U.S. Route 119 from the subject premises of [Rider].
Opinion dated April 1, 1985, at 2-3. The court concluded that there has been no showing of unjustified differential treatment of the Rider property. We respectfully disagree.
The record in the instant case establishes the fact that the Rider property is surrounded by residential uses. The non-conforming uses existing in the R-2 district should not have been considered in the determination of whether the Rider property was the subject of spot zoning. Rejecting a similar argument advanced in Mulac Appeal, our Supreme Court stated:
Appellees’ argument that the rezoning was proper because the parcel is situated in an area of mixed commercial and residential uses is not persuasive. The area in which the subject premises is located is zoned residential. It is true that, within the confines of this large residential zone, certain commercial uses exist. All such commercial establishments exist, however, as*218 nonconforming uses and should such uses cease, the properties could be utilized only for residential purposes. . . . The amendatory ordinance, creates a commercially zoned island in a residentially zoned sea and, unless a proper basis appears for such special treatment, cannot be sustained. (Citation omitted.) (Emphasis in original.)
418 Pa. at 211, 210 A.2d at 277. Likewise, the feet that property on the other side of Route 119 is zoned other than R-2 is of no consequence here because “[t]he line of demarcation must be fixed somewhere.” DiSanto v. Zoning Board of Adjustment, 410 Pa. 331, 335, 189 A.2d 135, 137 (1963). Simply because a piece of property borders property zoned industrial does not mean it automatically can be rezoned industrial. Schubach.
There can be no question that the Rider property is being treated differently from the residential land surrounding it.
We now turn our inquiry to the issue of whether there exists a justification for such differential treatment. Porter Appeal, 28 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 415, 368 A.2d 828 (1977). The Plan identifies the Rider property as best suited for medium and long range residential development. Our review of the record discloses no factors which would justify the rezoning. “[T]o promote the orderly development of a community the zoning authorities must be allowed to put a piece of property to the use which is most beneficial to the comprehensive plan, i.e., establish a land use which best blends in with surrounding different uses.” Schubach, 461 Pa. at 386, 336 A.2d at 338. In our opinion, the rézoning was not enacted to enhance the publics health, safety, morals and general welfare
Order
The order of the Court of Common Pleas of Fayette County, dated April 1, 1985, at No. 122 of 1984 G.D., is reversed.
Appellants are Robert Oravets, Caroline Oravets, Bruce Hayden and Beverly Hayden.
It is not clear from the record exactly where the subject property is located because none of the relevant zoning district maps were admitted into evidence.
Riders petition identified only 6 acres of land to be rezoned. It appears from the record that an additional 5.8 acres belonging to one of the Rider sons was also to be rezoned, although that 5.8 acres was not made a part of the Rider petition. Section 703.3 of the
Appellants properly appealed from the issuance of zoning certificate No. 83-243 permitting the Riders to use the afbrmentioned property as a steel-machine repair shop. See Pheasant Run Civic Organization Appeal, 60 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 216, 430 A. 2d 1231 (1981).
Our review of the record reveals that Appellants testified extensively throughout the course of the hearings that the use of the