127 N.J. Eq. 472 | N.J. | 1940
The opinion of the court was delivered by
The determinative question in this case is one of fact to be gathered from the evidence and legitimate inferences therefrom. That question is whether a certain paper purporting to be the last will and testament of Austin C. Bartles, deceased, who died April 19th, 1938, was properly admitted to probate by the Orphans Court of Hunterdon county. Probate was resisted by caveators as the product of undue influence. The Orphans Court, after a hotly contested trial, while conceding that there was a strong presumption of undue influence arising out of circumstances attending the execution of the paper (and perhaps certain later occurrences to be considered presently), delivered an opinion holding that the presumption had been overcome, and accordingly ordered the will admitted to probate. On appeal to the Prerogative Court the decree of the Orphans Court was affirmed in a lengthy and carefully considered,
The deceased was eighty-two years old, a resident of Plemington, who had never married. The paper was executed on January 12th, 1938, and Mr. Bartles died, as has been said, on April 19th of that year. His previous adviser for many years had been Willard C. Parker, a lawyer of Plemington, who had died in 1933; and so far as gathered from the evidence, Mr. Bartles had not needed the services of counsel since the death of Mr. Parker until he desired to make a will. The paper under consideration was drawn by Byman Herr, a member of the bar residing and doing business in Plemington, and a neighbor of the deceased, but he had never previously attended to any legal matter for him. Herr, according to his testimony, was called bjr Bartles to draw his will, went to the Bartles house and conferred with him, made certain pencil notes of proposed testamentary dispositions (which notes are in evidence in the case), took those notes to his office, dictated the draft of a will to one of his stenographers, and after it had been typewritten, repaired to the home of Bartles with two young women clerks employed in Herr’s office to act as witnesses; and after one or two corrections in the paper, which seem to have been made by the testator himself in his own handwriting, Mr. Herr presided over the execution of the instrument by the testator and over the subscriptions by the witnesses. All of this, of course, was perfectly regular as a matter of procedure. The difficulty in the case arises principally out of the.fact that Mr. Herr was named in the paper as executor, he was legatee in the amount of $5,000; and he was further named as a contingent sharer in the residuary estate in case the original bequest of the residue for charitable purposes should fail to become operative under certain somewhat complicated restrictions imposed by the will. The judge of the Orphans Court said in his opinion, and we think correctly, that “under this statement of facts, it is clear that a presumption of undue influence has been raised, and that the burden of overcoming
The case was bitterly contested in the Orphans Court, in the Prerogative Court, and in this court. To the circumstances of the parties and of the execution of the paper before the death of Mr. Bartles, there was added not only evidence of certain conduct of Mr. Herr subsequent to the execution of the will and after the death of the testator, but also of matters occurring in the course of the litigation. These will be considered later on.
The paper, which for convenience will herein be called the “will,” directs (1) payment of debts, &c.; (2) bequests to cemeteries for the care and preservation of cemetery lots;
(3) defeasance of the above under certain circumstances;
(4) some ten monejr legacies as follows:
(a) To a Dr. Gibbs, $5,000; (b) to a Dr. Thomas, attending phji-sician, $5,000; (c) to the widow of Mr. Willard Parker, $3,000; (d) to a first cousin named Bonnell, $2,000; (e) to a first cousin named Shurts, $1,000; (f) to Dr. Hawke of Flemington; $5,000; (g) to an aunt, Mrs. Clark, $1,000; (h) to a Marguerite Hoffman, $4,000; (i) to the Presbyterian Church of Flemington, $4,000 as an endowment fund; and (j) to Ryman Herr, who drew the will, $5,000. It may be noted at this point that the testator left only two first cousins, to each of whom he left a legacy, and that there were seven second cousins, six of whom objected to the probate of the paper, but all of whom were omitted.
Recurring to the terms of the will, paragraph 5 contains the residuary disposition and contemplates the use of the residue as a trust fund to be offered to the borough of Flemington; but if the borough should not accept, then to the county of Hunterdon, for the purposes of helping in the erection of a local hospital on certain terms, and in case the scheme breaks down, the residue is to be divided pro rata among the named legatees except some of them as shall have received trust funds. This residuary provision is the principal, though not the sole point of attack; and the grounds of attack are substantially two: first, that no such contem
The second point of attack is that the testamentary scheme as regards the residue was entirely too complicated for Mr. Bartles to have framed himself and was consequently the product of the mind of the draftsman and, as argued, was purposely drawn in such form as to be in all likelihood impossible of execution, so that any residue of the estate which would have gone for hospital purposes if the provision were carried out would necessarily have to be distributed pro rata among the legatees in accordance with the clause just mentioned above.
Certain conduct of Mr. Herr in connection with apparent failure to notify the relatives of the testator’s death and the purport of the will in time for them to caveat against the granting of probate, and with regard to letters to several parties suggesting that Mr. Herr’s partner would acknowledge service of citation for them, as well as the handling of the ease in the Orphans Court, and particularly Mr. Herr’s behavior therein as a witness, are called in question by the appellants and will be adverted to in due course.
One point seems to stand out prominently in the case and we think it should be carefully borne in mind; and that consists of the facts, undenied, with reference to the custody and control of the paper itself up to the time of testator’s death. The paper, as we have said, was signed and witnessed on the 12th of January, 1938, after two corrections by the testator in his own handwriting. It was drawn in typewriter and there was a typewriter copy. According to Mr. Herr’s testimony, which is unimpeached in this regard, the will and copy were left with the testator until two or three days before he died. Mr. Herr’s testimony is that on the Saturday before the death of testator he, Mr. Herr, considered it advisable that the will should be lodged in a safe place and that accordingly he went to the house of the testator, learned that the will was locked up in testator’s desk, obtained from the nurse the key of the desk, opened the desk and took the will out of it, went to his office and had another copy made, sealed
itself, this situation seems to fall clearly within such decisions as Brick v. Brick, 44 N. J. Eq. 282; McLaughlin’s Case, 69 N. J. Eq. 479; and the leading and oft-cited Cooper Will Case, supra; affirmed, 76 N. J. Eq. 614; sub nom. Harrison v. Axtell.
We may now proceed to consider the other circumstances already alluded to above. For the most part they relate to the conduct of Mr. Herr out of the presence of the testator and both before and after his death. The first occurrence to be considered, however, does not relate to this period, but to the actual drawing and execution of the will and relates to the clause designating the pecuniary legatees as substituted takers in case of the breakdown of the hospital project. It is pointed out, and correctly, that the pencil note contains no such complicated provision as that which appears in the will itself, but we think that this could hardly be expected to appear in the pencil note. The testimony of Mr. Herr on that point was in substance that there was quite a discussion between the testator and himself with regard to the plan, both on direct and cross. On direct he said, after some discussion about the Presbyterian Church, that “if he had enough money for a hospital he would like to have a hospital, and I suppose we talked ten or fifteen minutes or maybe
Next, we have the minor point that the stenographer who typed the will was not present when he read it to Mr. Bartles just before it was executed, but that she was sitting in a car outside the house. We fail to see the importance of this point except as a minor circumstance which might appear to be taken into account with other more important ones as part of an argument that the will was the product of undue influence. Standing by itself, it seems to have no particular effect.
The next point to be noted is the failure of Mr. Herr to notify the relatives of testator that he was dangerously ill. We are quite unable to see what duty was imposed upon Mr. Herr as draftsman of the will to notify expectant relatives.
The next point is that Mr. Herr did not do anything about notifying the borough by presenting to the borough authorities a copy of the will until two months after testator’s death; nor to the freeholders until about a month later. Mr. Herr may have been delinquent in the performance of his duty as executor by failing to do so, but we think it cannot fairly be said that that delinquency is an important piece of evidence to show undue influence in the execution of the will.
Another point made is the conduct of Mr. Herr in having certain next of kin represented in a formal way by his partner for the purpose of acknowledging service of the citation. This, of course, was an unusual thing to do and probably open to criticism from the standpoint of legal ethics, but it is to be noted that some, or all, of these next of kin were repre
Still further, appellants cite the failure of proponents to call Dr. Thomas, the attending physician, as a witness to testify to the testamentary capacity of the testator. We have already alluded to the fact that though Mr. Herr went down to the Flemingon bank to get the will that had been left there and gave it to Mr. Weller, the cashier, and Mr. Sutphin
There is also a point in relation to the legacy to Dr. Gibbs. We think it sufficient to say that we have examined the point and consider it without substance.
There may be other minor points which have not been touched upon above but we consider it would make the present opinion unnecessarily prolix to discuss them in detail as we consider them of no material importance.
The decree under review is affirmed.
For affirmance — The Chiee-Justice, Parker, Case, Bodihe, Dohges, Heteielb, Dear, WolesKeil, JJ. 8.
For reversal — -Perskie, Porter, Eaeeerty, Hague, JJ. 4.
For modification — Heher, Wells, JJ. 2.