delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion.
Chief Justice Kilbride and Justices Freeman, Thomas, Garman, Karmeier, and Theis concurred in the judgment and opinion.
OPINION
At issue in this appeal is whether delinquent child support payments in Illinois began to bear mandatory interest in 1987 with thе passage of Public Act 85—2 (eff. May 1, 1987). The appellate court concluded that they did not.
Background
Mark Wiszowaty and Margaret Mihaila were married and had one child. The couple divorced in 1991, shortly before their child’s second birthday. Pursuant to the judgment for dissolution of marriage, Mark was ordered to pay $48 per week in child support to Mаrgaret through the clerk of the circuit court of Cook County, until the child’s eighteenth birthday.
Years later, in 2005, Mark filed a petition for declaratory judgment, asking the circuit court of Cook County to declare and adjust child support payments that were in arrears. On January 25, 2006, the Illinois Department of Healthcare and Family Services (Department) filed a motion to intervene on Margaret’s behalf and a petition for rule tо show cause as to why Mark should not be held in contempt of court for failing to pay child support. According to the Department, Mark had paid some child support in 1991 but then paid no support from 1992 through 2005. The Dеpartment asked the court, among other things, to enter a judgment for the arrearage including interest accruing from the first missed payment in 1991.
Mark conceded the arrearage and that interest on the unpaid support payments became mandatory when certain amendments were made to the Illinois Marriage and Dissolution of Marriage Act (Marriage Act) (750 ILCS 5/101 et seq. (West 2000)) in 2000. However, Mark argued that, prior to that date, the imposition of interest was left to the discretion of the circuit court and that the circumstances of his case did not warrant imposing interest.
The Department, however, contended that the 2000 legislation wаs not the proper starting point for calculating mandatory interest. Instead, according to the Department, interest became mandatory in 1987, when the General Assembly enacted Public Act 85 — 2 (eff. May 1, 1987), and chаnged the law to provide that each unpaid installment of child support was a “judgment” by operation of law and that child support judgments “shall bear interest.”
Relying on In re Marriage of Steinberg,
We granted the Department’s petition for leave to appeal. Ill. S. Ct. R. 315 (eff. Oct. 15, 2007). We allowed Scott Wagner, pro se, to file an amicus curiae brief on Mark’s behalf.
Analysis
In 1987, with the passage of Public Act 85 — 2 (eff. May 1, 1987), the General Assеmbly amended the Marriage Act by adding the following provision:
“Any new or existing support order entered by the court under this Section shall be deemed to be a series of judgments against the person obligated to pay support thereunder, each such judgment to be in the amount of each payment or installment of support and each such judgment to be deemed entered as of the date of the corresponding рayment or installment becomes due under the terms of the support order. Each such judgment shall have the full force, effect and attributes of any other judgment of this State, including the ability to be enforced.” (Emphasеs added.) Ill. Rev. Stat. 1987, ch. 40, par. 505(c) (currently codified as 750 ILCS 5/505(d) (West 2008)).
This change was made in response to federal legislation which required states seeking certain federal funds to treat unpaid support payments as judgments as a condition of receiving those funds. See 42 U.S.C. §666(a)(9)(A) (2006); Steinberg,
Public Act 85 — 2 also amended section 12 — 109 of the Code of Civil Procedure (Code) to provide:
“Interest on judgments. Every judgment except those arising by operation of law from child support orders shall bear interest thеreon as provided in Section 2 — 1303. Every judgment arising by operation of law from a child support order shall bear interest as provided in Section 2—1303 commencing 30 days from the effective date of each judgmеnt.” (Emphasis added.) Ill. Rev. Stat. 1987, ch. 110, par. 12—109 (currently codified as 735 ILCS 5/12—109 (West 2008)).
Under section 2—1303 of the Code in 1987, and still today, “ [jjudgments recovered in any court shall draw interest at the rate of 9% per annum from the date of the judgment until satisfied.” (Emphasis added.) Ill. Rev. Stat. 1987, ch. 110, par. 2—1303 (currently codified as 735 ILCS 5/2—1303 (West 2008)).
Thus, in Public Act 85—2, the legislature stated that unpaid child support payments “shall” be deemed judgments and that these judgments “shall bear interest” at the same rate аs all other judgments. The use of the word “shall” generally indicates a mandatory requirement. Holly v. Montes,
Despite the clear language of the statutory amendments, the appellate court concluded that interest was not made mandatory. Accоrding to the appellate court, this court’s decision in Finley v. Finley,
As the Department notes, Finley decided, inter alia, whether a custodial parent was entitled to interest on unpaid child support. At that time, in 1980, unpaid child support payments were not characterized as judgments. Indeed, as noted above, the reason section 505(d) was added to the Marriage Act was to make clear that each unpaid support payment was to be treated as a judgment. Further, in 1980 there was no statute referencing interest on unpaid child support payments. Only a general statutory provision on interest for judgments existed. See Ill. Rev. Stat. 1979, ch. 74, par. 3 (“Judgments recovered before any court shall draw interest at the rate of 9% per annum from the date of the judgment until satisfied”).
Since periodic child support payments were not judgments that fell within the terms of the general interest statute, the question at issue was whether any basis existed for awarding interest on those payments. This court in Finley looked at the nature of the dissolution proceеding, likened it to a chancery proceeding, and found that interest on support payments lay within the discretion of the court and would be allowed if “warranted by equitable considerations.” Finley,
“[I]t is well settled that interest is not recoverable absent a statute or agreement providing for it. [Citation.] An exception to this rule еxists in equity. In chancery proceedings, the allowance of interest lies within the sound discretion of the judge and is allowed where warranted by equitable considerations and disallowed if such an award would not cоmport with justice and equity.” (Internal quotation marks and emphasis omitted.) Tri-G, Inc. v. Burke, Bosselman & Weaver,222 Ill. 2d 218 , 257 (2006).
Finley thus stands for the proposition that, where there are no controlling statutes defining unpaid support payments as judgments or providing for interest, interest may be awarded on those payments as a discretionary matter because the divorce proceeding may be likened to a chancery proceeding. But Finley does not stand for the proposition that interest is left to the discretion of the circuit court even when governing statutes have plainly stated otherwise. Indeed, such a reading of Finley would run counter to long-standing law:
“ ‘Wе do not know of any power existing in a court of equity to dispense with the plain requirements of a statute; it has been always disclaimed, and the real or supposed hardship of no case can justify a court in so doing. When a statute has prescribed a plain rule, free from doubt and ambiguity, it is as well usurpation in a court of equity as in a court of law, to adjudge against it; and for a court of equity to relieve against its prоvisions, is the same as to repeal it.’ ” First Federal Savings & Loan Ass’n of Chicago v. Walker,91 Ill. 2d 218 , 227 (1982) (quoting Stone v. Gardner,20 Ill. 304 , 309 (1858)).
The General Assembly changed the law in 1987 by providing that each unpaid child support installment is an actual “judgment” that arises by operation of law, and that each such judgment “shall bear interest.” Under the plain language of these statutory amendments, interest payments on child support payments became mandatory effective May, 1 1987. This court’s decision in Finley does nоt compel a different result.
Conclusion
For the foregoing reasons, the judgments of the appellate and circuit courts are reversed. The cause is remanded to the circuit court for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
Appellate court judgment reversed; circuit court judgment reversed; cause remanded.