83 Miss. 519 | Miss. | 1903
delivered the opinion of the court.
Ely had been in the service of the railroad company seven or eight months as section foreman of a section known as “White-haven,” extending south for eight miles from Memphis, when he was discharged. On his application the company gave him a paper of discharge, or “clearance,” as it is calléd. This paper,
' “G-. W. Ely has been employed in the capacity of section foreman at Whitehaven, Tenn., on the Mississippi Division of the Illinois Central Railroad, from May 28, 1901, to November 25, 1901. Canse for leaving service, unsatisfactory service. Conduct good. D. StieehaN, Roadmaster.
“Approved: A. Philbrick, Superintendent.”
Ely sued the company and Philbrick and Sheehan in an action on that clearance as a libel, alleging that his services were not unsatisfactory in fact, but the reverse, and that the words of the clearance were the result of a malicious conspiracy between the defendants to damage him, knowing that it was equivalent to blacklisting him, and would prevent his ever getting railroad employment anywhere; and that the actual cause of this action was that he had given testimony some weeks before in the cause of one Ologston against the company and Sheehan, in which Clog-ston recovered large damages. Ely, after all evidence was in and instructions acted on, dismissed his case as to Philbrick, but got a verdict for $25,000 damages against the company and Sheehan.
Defendants below denied malice or conspiracy; asserted that the clearance stated the truth, that the services were unsatisf ac-tory; denied that his testimony in the other case had anything to do with his discharge; and denied that there was any publication of the clearance, other than to the company’s employes, which was privileged, and necessary for its own protection, and that of the public from incompetent employes.
Much evidence was taken on both sides to show the efficiency and inefficiency of the services of Ely. There was no proof whatever of conspiracy, and the only proof of publication was that the clearance was noted on the books of the company, as customary, that its employes had access to those books, and that it had been' enveloped and sent to Ely at his request; but, he being absent, it
The competent evidence of malice is very slender indeed. Practically, it is simply that Ely says that Sheehan was cool in manner towards him after his testimony on the trial of the Clog-ston ease. Jarmón swears he had no malice, and had never heard of any. Philbriek swears he had never heard of Ely’s swearing until after the discharge. Sheehan swears he never had any malice, never changed his manner towards Ely, and in fact never spoke a dozen words to him in his life, and that the discharge and'clearance were based on Jarmon’s information. In this case it is well to recur to first principles. It is too manifest for disputation that, whether the contract for service be for a fixed term or not, an employe cannot be compelled to remain in the service of his employer, for that would be to destroy his freedom of action and establish peonage. Oorrelatively the employer cannot be compelled to retain his employe in service. The one may quit or the other may discharge at pleasure, subject only to an action, for damages where the term of employment is fixed and has not expired. Where the term is so fixed and unexpired, and there is a stipulation in the contract of employment author
We do not decide whether the record sufficiently shows publication, nor do we decide tbe several other questions presented.
Reversed and remanded.