502 N.W.2d 691 | Mich. Ct. App. | 1993
IANITELLI
v.
IANITELLI
Michigan Court of Appeals.
Jerald R. Lovell, for the plaintiff.
Franklin D. West, for the defendant.
Before: BRENNAN, P.J., and HOOD and TAYLOR, JJ.
PER CURIAM.
This is a divorce case. Plaintiff husband appeals as of right from the court's award of alimony and accountant's fees to defendant wife. We affirm.
Plaintiff first argues that defendant should not have been awarded alimony because she was cohabiting with a male companion. He further argues that, even if some alimony was proper, the $250 a week awarded was excessive. We disagree with regard to both arguments.
Although findings of fact in divorce cases are reviewed under a clearly erroneous standard, dispositional rulings such as whether and how much alimony to award are reviewed de novo. Sparks v Sparks, 440 Mich. 141, 151-152; 485 NW2d 893 (1992); see also Sands v Sands, 442 Mich. 30; 497 NW2d 493 (1993). "If the findings of fact are upheld, the appellate court must decide whether the dispositive ruling was fair and equitable in light of those facts." Sparks, supra at 151-152. "[T]he ruling should be affirmed unless the appellate court is left with the firm conviction that the [decision] was inequitable." Id. at 152; compare Beason v Beason, 435 Mich. 791, 802; 460 NW2d 207 (1990) (a factual finding is clearly erroneous if, although supported by some evidence, "the reviewing court on the entire evidence is left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been committed").
A divorce court has the discretion to award alimony under MCL 552.23; MSA 25.103, "as it *643 considers just and reasonable" in light of all the circumstances. Demman v Demman, 195 Mich. App. 109, 110; 489 NW2d 161 (1992). The court should consider the length of the marriage, the parties' ability to pay, their past relations and conduct, their ages, needs, ability to work, health, and fault, if any. Id. at 110-111. The trial court should make specific findings of fact regarding those factors that are relevant to the particular case. Sparks, supra at 159.
In this case, the court acknowledged the factors listed above and the respective positions of the parties. The court found that alimony was proper in light of the parties' twenty years of marriage, plaintiff's substantial assets, and plaintiff's gambling in the early years of the marriage despite defendant's concern for financial stability.
Although not mentioned by the court, it is undisputed by the parties that plaintiff's gross income is about $130,000 while defendant's is about $28,000, not including alimony. Plaintiff was forty-seven and defendant was fifty years old at the time of the divorce in 1989. Neither party claims to have any health problems. Neither party has a retirement plan, although plaintiff owns stock worth about $200,000 found not to be a marital asset in a closely held corporation owned by his family. Plaintiff has worked in his family's business all throughout the marriage. Defendant has worked as a medical receptionist since about 1976.
Further, defendant admits that she was living with her male companion and that he was making all the payments on their Florida and Michigan condominiums.[1] Both properties are in defendant's and her companion's names, although defendant did not contribute to their purchase.
*644 There is little case law dealing with cohabitation and alimony. Further, all the cases we have found involve postdivorce motions to terminate alimony on the basis of cohabitation as a change in circumstances. See Petish v Petish, 144 Mich. App. 319, 321; 375 NW2d 432 (1985); Kersten v Kersten, 141 Mich. App. 182, 184; 366 NW2d 92 (1985); Crouse v Crouse, 140 Mich. App. 234, 238; 363 NW2d 461 (1985). Here, however as in Crouse there has been no change in circumstances because the cohabitation was taking place at the time of the divorce and was well known to both the court and the plaintiff. The question is, therefore, whether the trial court erred in awarding alimony under the circumstances of this case.
The cases cited above agree that, although cohabitation does not by itself constitute a change in circumstances, other related facts showing an improvement in the party's financial position might constitute a change in circumstances. Petish, supra at 322-323; Kersten, supra at 184-185; Crouse, supra at 239-240. Cohabitation, by itself, is not to be equated with remarriage. Kersten, supra at 184; Crouse, supra at 239; see also MCL 552.13(2); MSA 25.93(2) (alimony may be terminated upon remarriage). Common-law marriages were abolished in Michigan in 1957. MCL 551.2; MSA 25.2.
We note that, although plaintiff elicited testimony concerning the fact that defendant had no rent or mortgage expenses, there was no testimony regarding her financial dependency if any upon her live-in companion. She was not asked, for example, whether he pays all the utilities, buys the groceries, makes her car payments, or otherwise supports her. Thus, given the information on the record, especially the great disparity in income between the parties, we cannot conclude that the *645 decision to award defendant $250 a week in alimony was inequitable.
Plaintiff next argues that the trial court abused its discretion in awarding defendant $8,000 in accountant's fees. We disagree.
A divorce court may award a party "any sums necessary to enable the ... party to carry on or defend the action, during its pendency." MCL 552.13(1); MSA 25.93(1). An appellate court will not reverse a decision to award fees absent an abuse of discretion. Stackhouse v Stackhouse, 193 Mich. App. 437, 445; 484 NW2d 723 (1992).
Here, the court found that an award of attorney's fees was warranted "[d]ue to plaintiff's ongoing resistance to payment of alimony throughout this lengthy [four year] action, as well as plaintiff's superior income and earning ability." The court then found that plaintiff should also pay $8,000 out of the $23,000 in accountant's fees incurred by defendant. Given the circumstances of this case, we cannot conclude that this was an abuse of discretion.
Affirmed.
NOTES
[1] This evidence was introduced for the explicit purpose of showing that defendant did not need any alimony.
