57 Conn. App. 589 | Conn. App. Ct. | 2000
Opinion
The plaintiffs
The following facts are relevant to this appeal. The defendant Zella D. Ferrando is the owner of approximately ninety-seven acres of land in Glastonbury. In March, 1998, the defendant Rejean Jacques, doing business as Rejean Realty, Inc., applied to the commission for a special permit to subdivide land for development. In April, 1998, the commission approved the application.
In May, 1998, the plaintiffs, who had not intervened in the action before the commission, appealed from the commission’s decision to the Superior Court. The defendants filed motions to dismiss the appeal, and a hearing date was set. The plaintiffs opposed the motions and filed a motion for a continuance to give them time to obtain a written record from the commission. The court denied the motion for a continuance.
On July 10,1998, after conducting a hearing, the court; granted the motions to dismiss on the ground that the plaintiffs lacked standing to initiate an appeal because they had not intervened in the proceeding before the commission as required by § 22a-19. On September 9, 1998, we granted the plaintiffs’ petition for certification to appeal to this court. On September 25, 1998, the plaintiffs filed this appeal.
I
The primary issue before us is whether the Environmental Protection Act of 1971 (EPA), General Statutes § 22a-14 et seq., gives standing to a nonparty in an administrative agency proceeding to initiate an appeal from that agency’s decision when no party to the agency proceeding has done so. We answer this question in the negative and affirm the judgment of the trial court.
Before the enactment of the EPA, citizens seeking to protect the environment had to show specific, personal aggrievement to attain standing to bring a legal action. See Sheridan v. Planning Board, 159 Conn. 1, 13, 266 A.2d 396 (1969). Citizens concerned about the environment were seen as meddlers in public affairs. H. Johnson, “The Environmental Protection Act of 1971,” 46 Conn. B.J. 422, 423 (1972). The prevailing belief was that the public’s interest would be protected by public authorities and that allowing citizens to file suit would cause the courts to be “overrun by self-appointed protectors of the public interest.” Hiland v. Ives, 28 Conn. Sup. 243, 247, 257 A.2d 822 (1966).
Although such concerns repeatedly were expressed by legislators discussing the bill that would become the
To further its goal of protecting the environment, the EPA waives the traditional aggrievement requirement in two ways. First, General Statutes § 22a-16 authorizes any citizen or organization, without having to first establish aggrievement, to initiate a declaratory or injunctive action to protect the public trust. Second, § 22a-19 authorizes any citizen or other entity, without having to first establish aggrievement, to intervene in an existing proceeding. We view these two provisions as operating hand in hand to grant a full range of protection to our state’s environmental resources. State v. State Employees’ Review Board, 239 Conn. 638, 653, 687 A.2d 134
The plaintiff contends that this court need not look beyond Red Hill Coalition, Inc. v. Conservation Commission, 212 Conn. 710, 563 A.2d 1339 (1989), to resolve the issue before us. In Red Hill Coalition, Inc., the conservation commission of the town of Glastonbury argued that Julianne Steffens, president of the Red Hill coalition, lacked standing to appeal under § 22a-19 because Steffens had not intervened in the underlying administrative proceeding. Id., 715-16. The Supreme Court disagreed and concluded that “by joining the coalition’s appeal to the Superior Court . . . [Steffens was] not statutorily required to file a notice of intervention before the commission.” Id., 716.
We do not agree that the holding in Red Hill Coalition, Inc., is conclusive under the facts of this case. Red Hill Coalition, Inc., held that a person who had not intervened in the administrative proceedings could
“When interpreting a statute, courts should accord a statutory enactment its plain meaning. . . . Moreover, the meaning of statutory language must be determined from a reading of the statute as a whole. . . . We may not, by construction, read a provision into legislation that is not clearly stated therein.” (Citations omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) Reliance Ins. Co. v. Reider, 54 Conn. App. 77, 83, 730 A.2d 1229, cert. denied, 250 Conn. 928, 738 A.2d 659 (1999). As we will discuss, the plain meaning of § 22a-19 does not permit this appeal.
In short, § 22a-19 allows any individual or entity to “intervene as a party” in certain proceedings or judicial review thereof to challenge harm to the environmental public trust. The plain meaning of the word “intervene” highlights the joining of an existing action, even when viewing the term as it was defined at the time our legislature enacted the EPA. “Intervene” is defined as “[t]o come between. To become a party to an action by way of intervention.” Ballentine’s Law Dictionary (3d Ed. 1969). Similarly, “intervention” is defined, inter alia, as “the proceeding by which one not originally a party to an action is permitted, on his own application,
Furthermore, the plaintiffs did not intervene in a “proceeding” as required by § 22a-19. As with our previous analysis, we start with the plain meaning of the term proceeding in construing the statute. See Reliance Ins. Co. v. Reider, supra, 54 Conn. App. 83. “[T]he term proceeding, as ordinarily used, is generic in meaning and broad enough to include all methods involving the action of courts . . . .” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Ventola, 122 Conn. 635, 639, 191 A. 726 (1937); Second Injury Fund v. Lupachino, 45 Conn. App. 324, 346 n.15, 695 A.2d 1072 (1997); Regs., Conn. State Agencies § 22a-3a-2 (a) (1); 1 Am. Jur. 2d, Actions § 3 (1994). Other definitions are similarly broad. A “proceeding” is defined as “any application to a court of justice, however made, for aid in the enforcement of rights, for relief, for redress of injuries, for damages, or for any remedial object.” Ballentine’s Law Dictionary (3d Ed. 1969).
Simply put, the plaintiffs could not intervene in any proceeding under § 22a-19 because no proceeding
Furthermore, the legislative history of § 22a-19 reveals no intention different from what the statute, in its plain meaning, instructs. See H. Johnson, supra, 46 Conn. B.J. 422-31. Legislators discussing the precursor of § 22a-19 described the provision in a straightforward manner. “In this measure, we are granting individual citizens some powerful weapons, the right to seek injunctions, the right to intervene in proceedings.” 14 S. Proc., Pt. 3, 1971 Sess., p. 1083, remarks of Senator Thomas F. Dowd, Jr. “In Section 6 [of the forerunner of the EPA], in all the administrative and licensing procedures and any Judicial view, any of the parties previously mentioned, may intervene.” Id., p. 1092, remarks of Senator Stanley J. Pac. Accordingly, the legislative history of the EPA, discussing the relevant section in plain teims, supports our interpretation of § 22a-19.
Not only does the plain language of § 22a-19 not permit what the plaintiffs seek, but our Supreme Court
The absence of appellate access through § 22a-19 to an administrative agency proceeding without prior intervention or the joining in an existing appeal does not inhibit the broad intention of the legislature in enacting the EPA. For example, § 22a-16 provides an original remedy to the plaintiffs. Indeed, the plaintiffs noted at oral argument to this court that they have such an action presently pending. Our decision does not slam the door on environmentally concerned citizens and other entities, but rather promotes the simple task of intervening in a proceeding at the administrative agency level to secure the right to appellate review.
II
The plaintiffs also contend that the trial court improperly denied their motion for a continuance. We disagree.
A trial court holds broad discretion in granting or denying a motion for a continuance. “Appellate review of a trial court’s denial of a motion for a continuance is governed by an abuse of discretion standard that, although not unreviewable, affords the trial court broad discretion in matters of continuances.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. DeCaba, 42 Conn. App. 141, 143, 679 A.2d 35, cert. denied, 239 Conn. 915, 682 A.2d 1008 (1996). “An abuse of discretion must be proven by the appellant by showing that the denial of
One relevant factor that a court may consider in evaluating a motion for a continuance is the perceived legitimacy of the reasons proffered in support of the motion. Id., 240. The plaintiffs in their motion stated that a continuance was necessary because opposition to the defendants’ motions to dismiss required matters of record that occurred before the commission that had not yet been delivered to the plaintiffs.
Although the absence of similar materials may be quite relevant under certain circumstances, the court’s denial of the motion for a continuance does not constitute an abuse of discretion. In short, the defendants’ motions to dismiss were not bound up in fact-laden issues that demanded a complete factual record. The issue before the court regarding the motions to dismiss was whether the plaintiffs had independent standing under § 22a-19 to pursue an appeal from the commission’s decision when they did not participate in the proceeding before the agency—a question of law, not fact. It was not an abuse of discretion for the court to conclude that acquisition of that record would not materially aid resolution of the relevant issues. Accordingly, the decision to deny the continuance to obtain those facts does not constitute an abuse of the court’s broad discretion.
The judgment is affirmed.
In this opinion the other judges concurred.
The plaintiffs are Melody Hyllen-Davey, Animal Welfare and Rights Entity, Inc., and Animal Rights Front, Inc.
The defendants are the plan and zoning commission of the town of Glastonbury, Zella D. Ferrando and Rejean Jacques doing business as Rejean Realty, Inc.
General Statutes § 22a-19 (a) provides: “In any administrative, licensing or other proceeding, and in any judicial review thereof made available by law, the Attorney General, any political subdivision of the state, any instrumentality or agency of the state or of a political subdivision thereof, any person, partnership, corporation, association, organization or other legal entity may intervene as a party on the filing of a verified pleading asserting that the proceeding or action for judicial review involves conduct which has, or which is reasonably likely to have, the effect of unreasonably polluting, impairing or destroying the public trust in the air, water or other natural resources of the state.”
The court in Red Hill Coalition, Inc., also concluded that Thomas Fitzgerald, another plaintiff, had standing. Red Hill Coalition, Inc. v. Conservation Commission, supra, 212 Conn. 716. Because Fitzgerald was an abutting landowner of the challenged subdivision, however, he was considered “traditionally aggrieved”; (internal quotation marks omitted) id.; and is thus less important to our discussion. Unlike Fitzgerald, Steffens did not possess traditional aggrievement and claimed standing solely under § 22a-19.