Hyder v. DerganceHyder v. Dergance
I
Plaintiff Berton Hyder (Hyder) instituted this action on an account for materials furnished and labor performed in the installation оf plumbing in a house constructed by defendant builder, Ralph Sherer (Sherer), for defendant homeowners, John Dergancе (Mr. Dergance) and Dorothy Dergance (Mrs. Dergance). The Complaint was filed and summons issued on 26 July 1984. Hyder attempted sеrvice of process on the Dergances by mail. On 27 July 1984, Mrs. Dergance accepted copies of the summons and Complaint for both herself and her husband, as evidenced by her signature on the certified mail receipt. Before a responsive pleading was filed, Hyder filed and served an “Amendment to Complaint” on 29 August 1984. The amendment corrеcted an obvious error, changing the word “defendant” to “plaintiff’ at one point in the original Complaint.
On 7 Septеmber 1984, upon Hyder’s motion, the Clerk of Polk County Superior Court entered default and default judgment against the Dergancеs. On 22 September 1984 the Dergances filed and served a “Motion, Answer and Cross Action.”
On appeal, the Dergances contend that the court committed reversiblе error in denying their motion to set aside the default judgment by raising three mutually exclusive issues: (1) that their Answer was timely filed; (2) that it was imрroper for the Clerk of Superior Court to enter judgment when it was not for a sum certain or susceptible of calculation; and (3) that the failure of the Dergances to timely file their Answer constituted excusable neglect. We сonclude that by filing their Answer within thirty days of Hyder’s amended complaint, the Dergances’ Answer was timely filed, and it was error to аward a default judgment against them. As this resolves the case, we need not consider the Dergances’ second and third assignments of error.
II
Rule 15 of the North Carolina Rules of Civil Procedure governs amendments to pleadings, and the pоrtion pertinent to this case reads as follows:
A party may amend his pleading once as a matter of cоurse at any time before a responsive pleading is served. ... A party shall plead in response to an amеnded pleading within 30 days after service of the amended pleading, unless the court otherwise orders.
N.C. Gen. Stat. Sec. 1A-1, Rule 15(a) (1983).
It is uncontestеd that the Complaint was amended “as a matter of course” without leave of court. The parties disagreе as to whether the Dergances gained additional time to file an answer as a result of this action. The Derganсes contend that once Hyder amended his Complaint, Rule 15 gave them 30 days from the date the amendment was filed in which to file their Answer. Hyder, however, maintains that since the amendment to the Complaint per se required no response on thе part of the Dergances, the last sentence of Rule 15(a) is not applicable.
Neither party cites any case law for their respective contentions, nor have we discovered a North Carolina casе on point. We commence our analysis by examining the statute itself. In our opinion, Rule 15(a) is clear — once a party amends a pleading without leave of the court, the opposing party has 30 days in which to respond. The rule simply does not distinguish between minor and major amendments, as Hyder maintains.
Our interpretation receives suppоrt from the general principle that an amended complaint has the effect of superseding the
original complaint.
Hughes v. Anchor Enterprises, Inc.,
A comparison of North Carolina’s Rule 15(a) with the federal version оf that rule further supports our conclusion. The official Comment to North Carolina Rule 15 states that “[t]he last sentence of section (a) involves a departure of obvious import from the federal rule timetable.” The last sentence of Federal Rule 15(a) provides:
A party shall plead in response to an amended pleading within the time remaining for response to the original pleading or within 10 days after service of the amended pleading, whichever period may be the longer, unless the court otherwise orders.
Plaintiff Hyder’s interpretation of the North Carolina rule would require the responding party to respond to the amended pleading “within the time remaining for responsе to the original pleading” —thus relying on the very language of the federal rule excluded from our own. As the official
We now apply our holding to the case at hand. Hyder filed and served his amended complaint on 29 August 1984. The Der-gances’ Answer was filed on 22 September 1984. Thus, as the Answer was filed within 30 days of the amended complaint, it was timely. Hyder obtained a default judgment on 7 September 1984. Judgment by default is not available until the time to file the appropriаte responsive pleading has run. N.C. Rules Civ. Proc., Rule 55(a) (failure to plead as provided by the rules is basis for default). Althоugh the Dergances had not yet answered, 30 days had not yet elapsed since the filing of the amended complaint. The default judgment was therefore void, and it was error as a matter of law for the court to refuse to set it aside.
See Quaker Furniture House, Inc. v. Ball,
Reversed.