79 Fla. 157 | Fla. | 1920
K. Stone brought a suit to enforce a mortgage lien upon real estate alleged to have been executed by Hutchinson and his wife. By answer the defendant, Harriet M. Hutchinson, “admits that she signed the mortgage deed referred' to in said paragraph, but alleges that she was tricked into doing so, and denies that she ever acknowledged same; that she and Currie J. Hutchinson named as defendants herein are husband and wife, and have occupied' that relation to each other for some years prior to the 17th day of March, A. D, 1916, the date on which the mortgage sought to be foreclosed in this proceeding, was signed', and that she and her said husband, Currie J. Hutchinson, are citizens of
Testimony was taken and a final decree rendered for the complainant. The defendant mortgagors appealed.
The testimony shows that the property is the homestead of the defendant mortgagors and that the acknowledgement of the .execution of the mortgage by the wife was taken over a telephone, the wife and the notary who took the acknowledgement not being at the same place in the city.
The constitution of the State contains the following-provisions :
“A homestead to the extent of one hundred and sixty acres of land, or the half of one acre within the limits of any incorporated city or town, owned by the head of a family residing in this State, together with one thousand dollars’ worth of personal property, and the improvements on the real estate, shall be exempt from*163 forced sale under process of any court, and the real estate shall not he alienable without the joint consent of husband and wife, when that relation exists; but no property shall be exempt from sale for taxes or assessments, or for the payment of obligations contracted for the purchase of said property, or for the erection or repair of improvements on the real estate exempted, or for house, field or other labor performed on the same. The exemption herein provided for in a city or town shall not extend to more improvements or buildings than the residence and business house of the owner; and no judgment or decree or' execution shall be a lien upon exempted property except as provided in this article.” Sec. 1, Art. X.
“The exemptions provided for in Section one shall inure to the widow and heirs of the party entitled to such exemption, and shall apply to all debts, except as specified in said section.” Sec. 2, Art. X.
“Nothing in this article shall be construed to prevent the holder of a homestead from alienating his or her homestead so exempted by deed or mortgage duly executed by himself or herself, and by husband and wife, if such relation exists; nor if the holder be without children to prevent him or her from disposing of his or her homestead by will in a manner prescribed by law.” ' Sec. 4, Art. X.
.“The Legislature shall enact such laws as may be necessary to enforce the provisions of this article.’’ Sec. 6, Art. X.
The statutes provide that real estate shall be conveyed “by deed in writing, signed, sealed' and delivered in the presence of at least two subscribing witnesses.” Sec. 2448 Gen. Stats. 1906, Compiled Laws, 1914.
*164 “Any ■ married woman having a right of dower in any real property may relinquish it by joining in the conveyance or mortgage of such real property,, or by a separate deed executed -in like manner as other conveyances.” Sec. 2461 Gen. Stats. 1906, Compiled Laws, 1914.
“To render such sale, conveyance, mortgage or relinquishment, whether of separate estate or of dower, effectual to pass a married woman’s estate of right, she must ácknowledge, before some officer authorized to take acknowledgements of deeds, separately and apart from her husband, that she executed the same freely and voluntarily and without compulsion, constraint, apprehension or fear of or from her husband, and the officer’s certificate shall set forth all the foregoing requirements.” Sec. 2462 Gen. Stats. 1906, Compiled Laws, 1914.
Notaries public are “authorized to take acknowledge-, ments of deed's” in this State. Sec. 2481 Gen. Stats. 1906, Compiled Laws, 1914.
“Women over twenty-one years of age” may be “notaries public” in this State. Sec. 303 Gen. Stats. 1906, Compiled Laws, 1914.
The constitution provides that homestead exemptions “shall inure to the widow and heirs of the party entitled to such exemptions;” and that nothing in the Article relative to homestead exemptions “shall be construed to prevent the holder of a homestead from alienating bis or her homestead so exempted by deed or mortgage duly executed by himself or herself, and by husband ami wife, if such relation exists;’’ and that “the Legislature shall enact such laws as may be necessary to enforce the provisions of this Article.”
A deed or mortgage to be “duly executed * * * by husband and wife,” must be executed' as required by the statutes, that is, signed, sealed and delivered by each of them, attested by two witnesses as to each sig
The “acknowledgement’’ of a married woman in executing a deed or mortgage of real estate must be “before” a proper officer, which means to him and in his presence, and it must be made “separately and apart from her husband.”
The “acknowledgement” of a married woman must in legal effect be a statement made by her to the officer in his presence “that she executed” the deed or mortgage “freely and voluntarily, and without compulsion, constraint, apprehension or fear of or from her husband.” And the officer’s certificate must state in substance and legal effect, that all the foregoing requirements were complied with.
A “mortgage duly executed * by husband and wife,” sufficient to create a lien upon homestead real estate of the husband, as between the mortgagors and mortgagees must be duly executed by the husband and wife and the execution by the wife duly .acknowledged by her, since under the statute due acknowledgement by the wife of the execution of the deed or mortgage by her is essential to the validity of any conveyance or relinquishment of an interest in real estate by the wife even as. between the parties to the instrument. The law
The words “alienable” and “alienating” are used in Article N of the constitution in the sense of conveying or transferring the legal title, or any beneficial interest in, the exempt homestead real estate during the life of the owner. The method by which the homestead shall be alienated, i. e., conveyed or transferred, being expressly and specifically prescribed and defined in the constitution to be by joint consent and by deed or mortgage duly executed by husband' and Avife Avhen that relation exists, all other methods of alienation during the life of the owner are inhibited. The signing, sealing and delivery of a deed by a married woman is not sufficient to convey her interest in the land described therein, Avhether such interest be dower, separate estate or what not. In
A private examination of the wife before the proper officer is .an indispensable requisite to the conveyance of her real estate. Carn v. Haisley, 22 Fla. 317. This proceeding is a statutory substitute for the common law method to bar the wife’s rights in land by fine and recovery. Hart v. Sanderson’s Admrs., 18 Fla. 103. The statutory proceeding must be strictly pursued by an officer acting within his authority or the action taken is a mere nullity as a means of conveying an interest or right in homestead real estate. 1 R. C. L. 301; Martin v. Dwelly, 6 Wend. (N. Y.) 9.
An acknowledgement by a married woman of the execution of a deed or mortgage alienating homestead real estate, taken by an officer under circumstances that make the officer’s act not within the jurisdiction, authority or power of the officer, renders the acknowledgement invalid as a means of transferring an interest in the homestead real estate. See Hagan Bros. v. Beaty, - Ala.
While the certificate of an officer who is authorized to take acknowledgement of deeds and mortgages, stating in effect that a named married woman duly acknowledged before him the execution of a deed or mortgage alienating homestead real estate, is a qucm judicial act, and where the married woman who made the acknowledgement and the executed instrument are in fact before the officer, and he undertakes to act officially, the certificate of the official as to the acknowledgement, when duly made, is, in the absence of fraud or duress, conclusive of the facts stated in the official certificate, yet if the married woman who made the acknowedgement was not in fact before the officer when the acknowedgement was made, the officer is withiut jurisdiction, authority or power to take the acknowedgement of the married woman, or to make the statutory certificate with reference thereto. 1 C. J. 775. The absence of such jurisdiction, authority or power to take the acknowledgement or to make the certificate relative to it, because the married woman was not before the officer when the acknowledgement was taken, may be shown aliundb; and when it is duly and' clearly made to appear that the married woman was not in fact before the officer when the acknowledgement of the execution was made, the officer’s certificate as to the acknowledgement is of no validity or effect to show that the deed or mortgage of homestead real estate was “duly executed” as is mandatorily required by the constitution.
Unless the married woman, who makes an acknowledgement that she executes a deed or mortgage, appears in person before the officer, he has no authority under
In McClure v. American Nat. Bank of Pensacola, 67 Fla. 32, 64 South. Rep. 427, the foreclosure was by air assignee in due course of the mortgagee; the property was that of the wife, not a homestead', and there was evidence of the excution and acknowledgment of the mortgage by the wife and of benefit to her property from the proceeds of the mortgage. See' Section 2, Art. XI, Constitution of 1885. In the Jennings, Shear and Holland cases supra the married woman was before the officer.
The constitution provides that homestead real estate may be alienated only by deed or mortgage duly executed' by husband and wife, when that relation exists, with the owner of a homestead, and such requirements
It appears without contradiction from the testimony of the married woman and of a lady notary public who was the officer, that the acknowledgment of the married woman in this case, if there was one, was taken over a telephone wire, and' that the married woman was not “before” or in the presence of the officer who made the certificate as to taking acknowledgment; and that the married woman and the officer were not in the same building, but were in different parts of the City of Tampa when the purported acknowledgment was taken through a telephone.
As the manned woman was not before the officer within the meaning and requirement of the statute, when her acknowledgment was taken by the officer, such officer, a lady, was not acting within lper jurisdiction, authority or power, and her certificate is ineffectual to show that the mortgage was “duly executed” so as to make it a valid alienation of the homestead real estate.
The mortgage was not “duly executed” within the mandatory requirements of the constitution. If the complainant has any rights under the law of subrogation, as claimed in argument, but not set up in the pleadings, such rights may be asserted in due course.
Decree reversed.