406 Pa. 612 | Pa. | 1962
Opinion by
This is an appeal from the lower court’s adjudication in a will contest wherein an issue devisavit vel non was granted and the issue tried before a judge without a jury.
The-testatrix, Annie E. Hurst, executed the disputed will on December 2, 1949. She was then seventy-four years of age. She died January 19, 1958.
The testatrix lived with her son, Winfred Hurst, who died unexpectedly of heart failure on November 7, 1949,' while in early middle age. There were no other next of kin. In his will, Winfred Hurst gave Harry J.
The will in contest was executed by Annie E. Hurst less than one month following her son’s sudden demise. At that time, she owned personal property valued at approximately $29,000, her residence and the testamentary power of appointment provided for in her son’s will. At the time of her death, her probate estate approximated $46,000 in value and her appointive estate $25,000.
The will bequeathed the sum of $10,000 to her maid, Mary Lee Hill (Dandridge), and $5000 to her personal physician, Dr. Robert S. Crew. The entire balance of the estate, approximately $56,000 in value, was given to Harry J. Alker, Jr. absolutely. He was also named Executor.
The validity of the will was contested by some of the residuary legatees under Winfred’s will, who claim they are entitled thereunder to the $25,000 remaining in the trust fund in the event that Annie E. Hurst
Alker prosecutes this appeal. He maintains that the court erred in finding the existence of undue influence, and also questions the legal standing of the appellees in tMs appeal. There is no merit to either contention.
Standing of Appellees
Alker argues that the appellees, residuary legatees under Winfred’s will, have nothing to gain in this litigation and,' therefore, enjoy no interest or legal standing to be party-litigants. He asserts that if the will is not sustained the entire sum in controversy will es-cheat to the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. This is not correct and the record fails to justify any such conclusion.
The Commonwealth asserts no claim to the $25,000 appointive estate of the testatrix. Certainly, Alker has no standing to make any such demand for the Commonwealth. More importantly, if Alker procured the making of this will by undue influence, then any provisions thereof inuring to his benefit are completely null and void. This is singularly so in regard to the power of appointment. Alker was in fact the sole beneficiary under the testatrix’s purported exercise of this power. The probative estate is more than ample to pay the only valid bequests. If Alker’s unfair and illegal conduct influenced the making of this will in his favor, as the lower court found and the record abundantly sustains,-.
Under the circumstances presented, the exercise of the power of appointment by Annie E. Hurst was void ab initio, and those named in Winfred’s will as residuary legatees, because of the failure of the testatrix to exercise the power of appointment, are entitled to distribution of the sum involved: See, Hays’s Estate, 288 Pa. 348, 135 Atl. 626 (1927); De Charette v. De Charette, 104 A.L.R. 1455 (Ky. 1936).
Undue Influence
In Quein Will, 361 Pa. 133, 62 A. 2d 909 (1949), this Court at 145, succinctly defined what constitutes undue influence sufficient to void a will, and explained the burden and nature of proof where such is asserted. “There must be imprisonment of the body or mind, frauds or threats or misrepresentations, or circumstances of inordinate flattery, or physical or moral coercion to such a degree as to prejudice the mind of the testator, or destroy his free agency, or to operate as a present restraint upon him in the maldng of the will:” Generally, there is a presumption of the absence of undue influence and the burden of proof is upon those who assert it. However, “where there is evidence of confidential relation coupled with a weakened mind, the burden of proof shifts to proponents. Such evidence, however, need not be sufficient to establish testamentary incapacity. All the evidence need show is bodily infirmity and weakened mentality. Where the evidence shows bodily infirmity and greatly weakened mentality, and a stranger to the blood of the testator, standing in a confidential relation, is benefited by the will which he has been instrumental in having executed, a presumption of undue influence arises”: pp. 145 and 146. Accord, Kerr v. O’Donovan, 389 Pa. 614, 134 A. 2d 213 (1957).
To meet this burden, he offered his own testimony as to his relationship with the testatrix; the circumstances incident to the execution of the Avill; the testimony of the subscribing Avitnesses; the testimony of the maid, Mary Lee Hill (Dandridge) and Dr. CreAV. This evidence, if believed, tended to establish that at the time involved, the testatrix Avas comparatively healthy, mentally alert, competent to manage her business affairs and that the Avill Avas her free and voluntary act. In A’ieAV of this evidence, it is strenuously argued that the burden of proving the absence of undue influence Avas completely fulfilled and that the burden of then going forward Avith proof if its existence returned to the contestants. It is submitted that this challenge Avent unansAvered.
A detailed study of the record quickly manifests the holloAvness of this position. The court beloAV refused to belieAre the testimony of Alker. There Avas sound reason for this conclusion. The testimony of Mary Lee Hill (Dandridge), badly shaken on cross-examination, Avas contradicted by undeniable proof of several disinterested Avitnesses. These included neighbors who
Finally, it is argued that the testatrix had ample opportunity to change her will and not having done so, this fact alone contraverts the existence of undue influence.
The Avill was executed on December 2, 1949. As pointed out hereinbefore as of that time, the testatrix suffered greatly from weakened mentality. Ten. days later, on December 12, 1949, she suffered an accidental fall, causing a fractured thigh, serious shock and noted increased disorientation. Until her death, her condition failed to improve and in fact grew steadily worse. She was committed as a mental patient to a sanitarium
We find no error in the trial of the proceedings.
Order affirmed. Costs to be paid by the appellant.
See, In re Alker, Jr., 16 Pa. D. & C. 2d 653, aff’d per curiam 398 Pa. 188 (1960).
Undue influence must- -be exerted proximate to tbe date of tbe executed will and' be a direct cause of tbe provisions or some of tbe provisions therein, Williams v. McCarroll, 374 Pa. 281, 97 A. 2d 14 (1953).