39 Neb. 889 | Neb. | 1894
This is an action brought by the plaintiff in error upon a promissory note, a copy of which is set out in the petition as follows:
“$120. Harvard, Neb., August 31, 1888.
“On or before the 31st day of August, 1889, I promise to pay to the order of W. T. Magee one hundred and twenty dollars, value received, with interest at 10 per cent per annum. A. W. Hall.
“Payable at Clay County Fence Factory.”
The note was indorsed as follows: “ Pay without recourse. 'W. T. Magee.” ■
The answer denies that the defendant executed and delivered the note declared upon, and that plaintiff purchased the same as averred in the petition, and alleges that the defendant executed a promissory note on the 31st day of August, 1888, for $120, payable to the order of AY. T. Magee, but that said note did not bear interest; that after the delivery of the note it was materially altered, without the knowledge or consent of the defendant, by inserting the figures “ 10,” so as make the instrument draw ten per cent interest per annum. The answer further alleges, in substance, that the note so executed by the defendant was given to the said Magee in consideration of the defendant being appointed agent of the payee for the sale of a certain slat and wire fence, which Magee agreed to keep in stock at Clay Center, and to furnish to the defendant at 35, 40, 55, 60, and 65 cents per rod, according to the number of wires used; that Magee agreed to assist in the selling of said fence, so that the net profits to the defendant should be $48 per mile, and that said Magee failed to perform his part of said agreement.
The allegations of the answer are denied by the reply.
Upon the issues thus formed, the cause was tried to a jury, who returned a verdict in favor of the defendant, upon which judgment was rendered by the court.
A number of rulings of the trial court on the admission of testimony are assigned as error, which we will notice in the order stated in the brief of counsel for plaintiff in error.
Upon the trial in the court below the plaintiff called, as a witness in his behalf, the defendant A. AY. Hall, for the purpose of proving that the latter signed the note sued on;
Q. (Handing paper.) Did you ever see that paper before?
A. Yes.
Q,. Is that your signature?
A. Yes.
Q,. Did you write that letter to Mr. Hurl but?
A. Yes, sir.
Said paper was marked Exhibit “A,” and offered in evidence by the plaintiff, and read to the jury.
Q,. (Handing paper.) Is that your signature?
A. I think it is; yes, sir.
Note offered in evidence by plaintiff, marked Exhibit “ B.”
Cross-examination by Mr. Epperson:
Q. Look at that note and state whether, or no, there has been any alteration made in it since you signed your name to it.
Objection by plaintiff, as incompetent, the note not being introduced in testimony at the present time, and that counsel has no right to cross-examine until the party calling the witness has examined in chief. Objection overruled.
Exhibit “B” offered in evidence by plaintiff. Note admitted. Plaintiff excepts.
Witness excused.
It is a familiar rule of evidence that ordinarily the cross-examination of a witness must be restricted to the matters brought out on his examination in chief. Where it is desired to examine the witness upon other matters, the cross-examining party must make the witness his own, and call him as such. (Boggs v. Thompson, 13 Neb., 403.) The plaintiff called the defendant to the stand for the single
Complaint is made because the court sustained the defendant’s objection to the following question propounded to the plaintiff’s witness, T. A. Barbour, who was one of the attorneys who brought this suit in the court below: “Q,. By what authority did you bring this suit in Mr. Hurl-but’s name? Objection by defendant. Sustained.” There was no error in this ruling, since the question was directed to a matter irrelevant to the issues in the case. The authority of Mr. Barbour to bring the suit was not raised by any pleading in the case, therefore it must be presumed that such authority existed. Again, the ruling complained of is not properly raised, for the reason the record fails to
But it is urged.that the court erred in sustaining the objection to the question last stated, because the ground of objection was not given at the time the ruling was made, and Thompson, Trials, sec. 693, and several other authorities to which our attention has been directed, sustain the doctrine contended for. Mr. Thompson, in his work to which reference has been made, at section 693 states the rule thus: “Where evidence is objected to at the trial, if the party would save an exception to the ruling of the court if adverse to him, such as will be available on appeal or error, he must frame his objection so as to bring to the attention of the trial court the specific ground upon which he predicates it, and this must be stated in his bill of exceptions. He waives all grounds not so specified.” Had the objection to the question been overruled, the answer of the witness taken, and the defendant was seeking to have the ruling reversed, perhaps then the plaintiff would be in a position to invoke the above rule and insist that the objection was not sufficiently specific to present any question for review. But the doctrine stated by Mr. Thompson has no application where, as in the case at bar, the court sustains the objection to the question propounded. If the testimony was for any reason properly excluded, which was clearly the case, plaintiff has no just grounds for complaint of its exclusion. The ruling cannot be reviewed, for the obvious reason that no exception was taken at the time the testimony was excluded. (Republican V. R. Co. v. Arnold, 13 Neb., 485.)
Counsel for plaintiff in the brief say: “During the further examination of the same witness the following question was asked by the pláintiff’s attorney: ‘ Q,. Did
It is urged that the court erred in permitting the defendant to answer the following question put to him by his counsel while being examined as a witness in his own behalf: “State to the jury where you were and all the circumstances surrounding the signing of the note. State where you were, and what you were doing. State all the circumstances of your signing the note.” The brief states: “To which the plaintiff there and then objected for the reason it was incompetent and immaterial, which objection the court overruled, to which ruling of the court the plaintiff there and then excepted.” Here counsel again are mistaken. No objection to the question was made when the same was asked. The record shows that the objection was first made after the witness had answered the question. This was too late. Besides, the question was proper, and the answer pertinent and competent as tending to prove the defense set up in the pleading.
Exception was taken by plaintiff to the fourth paragraph of the court’s charge, which reads as follows: “It is a general rule of law that possession of a promissory note, indorsed by the payee thereof in blank, is prima faeie evidence of ownership, but if the indorsement be denied, then it is for the plaintiff to establish the fact of such indorsement by proof thereof.” The foregoing instruction was not applicable either to the evidence or the issues raised by the pleadings in the case. No question was made but that plaintiff was the owner of the instrument declared on. Plaintiff could not have been prejudiced by the giving of the instruction, since the jury were told, in effect, by the seventh paragraph of the court’s charge, that the plaintiff was entitled to recover the face of the note and interest, as by its terms expressed, unless they should find from the evidence that the note had been materially altered after the making of the same, as alleged by the defendant, without
Complaint is made of the refusal of the court to give to the jury the following instructions, requested by the plaintiff:
“ 1. The jury are instructed that the fact that the plaintiff is the holder of the note sued on is prima facie evidence he is the owner of the same, and that presumption exists until the contrary is shown by the defendant.
“ 2. The jury are instructed that negotiable paper before maturity is intended, to some extent at least, to represent money. Possession therefore is prima facie evidence of ownership when it is payable to bearer or indorsed in blank, and that presumption exists until the contrary is shown by the defendant.
“3. The jury are instructed that should they find from the evidence that the plaintiff was not the owner of the note, this would constitute no defense to the action and affords no protection to the defendant in this suit, his plea of no consideration having entirely failed.
“4. The court instructs the jury that the purchaser of negotiable paper for a valuable consideration before maturity, without notice of any defense in favor of the maker of the instrument, takes it free from all equities existing between the original parties, and it is incumbent on the defendant to first show bad faith on the part of the purchaser of the note in question before he can be allowed to introduce any testimony or interpose any defense as to the*898 original transaction between the original parties to the note, which, in this case, the defendant has failed to do.”
While it is true, as a proposition of law, that the possession by the plaintiff of a negotiable promissory note, duly indorsed by the payee thereof, is prima facie evidence of the holder’s ownership, and that he received the same upon a valuable consideration before due, in the usual course of business, without notice of any equities between the maker and the payee, it was not reversible error to refuse to instruct the jury as requested by the plaintiff, inasmuch as the ownership of the note was not a controverted issue in the case. The only question submitted to the jury was whether or not the note had been materially altered after its execution. If the jury found that it had been so changed, then they were directed to find for the defendant, otherwise to return a verdict for the plaintiff. The fact that plaintiff was an innocent purchaser of the paper was no protection to him as against the defense of a material alteration.
It is finally insisted that the verdict is not sustained by the evidence. The defendant testified positively that “ 10” per cent had been inserted in the note after it was delivered, without the defendant’s consent. The jury believed him, and we think the evidence fully justified them in so doing. The judgment is
Affirmed.