614 S.E.2d 179 | Ga. Ct. App. | 2005
HUNTER
v.
The STATE.
Court of Appeals of Georgia.
*180 Alex L. Zipperer, Eric R. Gotwalt, Zipperer, Lorberbaum & Beauvais, Savannah, for appellant.
Spencer Lawton, Jr., District Attorney, Christine S. Barker, Assistant District Attorney, for appellee.
BARNES, Judge.
Gregory Hunter appeals his convictions for possession of cocaine with intent to distribute, possession of marijuana with intent to distribute, and possession of a controlled substance, MDMA. On appeal, Hunter contends the trial court erred by admitting his booking photograph in evidence, by allowing testimony that it is not unusual for suspects to consent to search their vehicles even though drugs are then found in them, and by admitting in evidence a Miranda rights warning form showing that Hunter refused to sign the form. He also contends his trial defense counsel was ineffective because he failed to object during the prosecution's closing argument when the prosecutor stated that the police had tried to find DNA on the drugs when the evidence did not support this statement. Finding no reversible error, we affirm.
The principles applicable to appellate review of a criminal conviction are stated in Taylor v. State, 226 Ga.App. 254, 255, 485 S.E.2d 830 (1997). Viewed in the light most favorable to the verdict, the evidence shows that officers reacting to information from a confidential informant went to Hunter's place of business attempting to obtain his consent to search his truck. After Hunter consented, the officers searched the truck and found the drugs that are the subject of the charges for which Hunter was convicted. The case went to trial, and the jury convicted Hunter of possessing cocaine and marijuana with the intent to distribute and of possessing the controlled substance MDMA.
1. Hunter contends the trial court erred by allowing the prosecution to introduce the booking photograph taken following his arrest on these charges because he alleges that this placed his character in issue and deprived him of a fair trial. Hunter relies upon Webb v. State, 156 Ga.App. 623, 626(7), 275 S.E.2d 707 (1980):
The state's argument that the photographs were relevant to show the appellants' height at the time of the incident and thereby to establish that their fists were deadly weapons is quite strained in view of the fact that both appellants were present in the court-room and presumably had not shrunk during the period following their arrest. We further agree with the appellants that the photographs were potentially prejudicial in that they were obviously mug shots and thus could easily have given *181 the jury the impression that the appellants had been in trouble with the law on some previous occasion. [Cits.]
Relying on Rittenhouse v. State, 272 Ga. 78, 79-80(3), 526 S.E.2d 342 (2000), the State contends that the photograph containing information about Hunter's height and weight was relevant because Hunter was contesting his identification by the confidential informant. The State's reliance on Rittenhouse is misplaced, however, because Rittenhouse had "so dramatically changed his appearance since the time of the crime," as to make the booking photograph relevant to show his appearance at that time, and in this case no such evidence exists. Id. Nevertheless, we find no reversible error because the testimony was that the booking photograph was from this case and that it depicted Hunter's appearance on the night he was arrested. "Because the record shows that the jury was told the photograph was taken the night of [Hunter's] arrest, the photograph's admission did not suggest that [he] was guilty of any previous crime or otherwise inflame the jury. [Cits.]" Edmond v. State, 228 Ga.App. 695, 695-696(2), 492 S.E.2d 583 (1997). Further, in light of the overwhelming evidence of guilt, "we find a high probability that the error did not contribute to the verdict and therefore hold that it was harmless. See Johnson v. State, 238 Ga. 59, 230 S.E.2d 869 (1976)." Webb, supra, 156 Ga.App. at 626-627, 275 S.E.2d 707.
2. Hunter also contends the trial court erred by allowing officers to testify that it is not unusual for suspects to consent to search their vehicles even though drugs are then found in them because this information was not beyond the ken of the average juror, and thus not a proper subject of expert testimony. Review of the transcript, however, shows that the first time this testimony was presented Hunter did not object at all, and on the second occasion, Hunter's objection was, "Your Honor, I'm going to object unless she's specifically addressing questions related to this particular witness here." Under this record, the issue Hunter raises is not properly before us. To preserve an issue for appeal, an objection must be made at the time it is actually offered; it is too late to urge objections as to the admission of evidence after it has been admitted without objection. Glisson v. State, 165 Ga.App. 342, 343(5), 301 S.E.2d 62 (1983). Moreover, the only objection Hunter raised below was not the same one he now asserts in his enumeration of error and brief. Therefore, he has waived all issues of admissibility to which he failed to pose a timely, specific objection at trial, Ray v. State, 187 Ga.App. 451, 452, 370 S.E.2d 629 (1988), and we will not consider an argument raised for the first time on appeal. Cooper v. State, 173 Ga.App. 254, 256(1), 325 S.E.2d 877 (1985). Accordingly, this enumeration of error is without merit.
3. Hunter also alleges that the trial court erred by admitting in evidence a Miranda rights warning form that showed he refused to sign the form. Hunter moved for a mistrial, but his motion was denied. The evidence shows, however, that Hunter was warned of his rights and that he made a statement to the police. Nevertheless, Hunter now contends that admitting the rights waiver form showing that he refused to sign it violated his right against self-incrimination. We find no merit to this argument because "refusal to sign a waiver form does not constitute an invocation of the right to remain silent or the right to counsel." Aldridge v. State, 258 Ga. 75, 76(3), 365 S.E.2d 111 (1988). Accordingly, this enumeration of error is without merit.
4. Hunter contends his trial defense counsel was ineffective within the meaning of Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 80 L. Ed. 2d 674 (1984), because he failed to object during the prosecution's closing argument after the prosecutor stated that the police unsuccessfully looked for DNA on the drug packages, when the evidence showed that the police looked for fingerprints, not DNA.
When reviewing a claim of ineffectiveness of counsel, we need not address both components of an ineffective assistance of counsel claim if the appellant makes an insufficient showing of one, and the components need not be addressed in any particular order. Thompson v. State, 191 Ga.App. 906(1), 383 S.E.2d 339 (1989). Because we find no *182 reasonable probability that the result of this trial would have been different if counsel had objected to the prosecutor's argument, Young v. State, 191 Ga.App. 651, 653(2), 382 S.E.2d 642 (1989), we need not address whether the failure to object meant that Hunter's trial counsel's performance was deficient within the meaning of Strickland. Error by counsel, even if unreasonable professionally, does not warrant reversal if the error had no effect on the judgment. Goodwin v. Cruz-Padillo, 265 Ga. 614, 615, 458 S.E.2d 623 (1995).
Judgment affirmed.
RUFFIN, C.J., and JOHNSON, P.J., concur.