254 Mo. 28 | Mo. | 1914
The plaintiffs instituted this suit in the circuit court of Linn county against the de
The trial resulted in a decree of court in favor of plaintiffs, setting aside said deed, and the defendants duly appealed the cause to this court.
No objection is urged against the petition, which charged mental incapacity of Cunningham to make the deed, and undue influence exercised over his mind by defendants, his. wife and Briggs.
The answer of the defendants was as follows (formal parts omitted):
“Now come the defendants in the above entitled cause, and for their answer to plaintiffs ’ first amended petition herein, admit that the plaintiffs are the children, and that the defendant, Anna Cunningham, is the widow, of Isaac S. Cunningham, who died intestate in Linn county, Missouri, on the-day of-, 1908.
“Defendants further admit that on and prior to July 7, 1903, said Isaac S. Cunningham was the owner of all the real estate mentioned and described in the petition, and that on said date he conveyed to the defendant Anna Cunningham, who was then Anna Barnes, forty acres of said land, to-wit, the.west half of the west half of the northwest quarter of section 5, township 58, range 18, Linn county, Missouri.
“Defendants further admit that after the conveyance of said land by the said Isaac S. Cunningham, to the said Anna Barnes, the said Isaac S. Cunningham aud the said Anna Barnes were married, and defendants further state the fact to be that from that time on until the death of the said Isaac S. Cunningham, the ■said Isaac S. Cunningham and the defendant, Anna Cunningham, were husband and wife and lived together as such.
*34 “Defendants further admit that on the ■ — — day of ■--19 — , said Isaac S. Cunningham and the defendant Anna Cunningham, by their warranty deed of that date, conveyed to the defendant Theodore Briggs the following described lands, to-wit: Seventy-nine and eighty-three one hundred acres in Lot One, and two and seventy-three one hundred acres in Lot Two, all in the northwest quarter of section 5, township 58, range 18, Linn county, Missouri, and that said deed further conveyed to said Briggs the forty acres of land theretofore conveyed by the said Isaac S. Cunningham to the said Anna Barnes.
“Defendants deny that at .the time of the execution of said deed the said Isaac S. Cunningham was, by reason of his feeble bodily and mental condition, incapable of making or understanding a contract or making a valid conveyance of his real estate, and deny that he, the said Isaac S. Cunningham, was caused to execute said deed because of over persuasion or any improper or undue influence on the part of the defendants or either of them; and defendants state the fact to be that said Isaac S. Cunningham at the time of the execution of said deed was of sound mind, capable of fully understanding the nature of the contract he was making, and that said deed was made by him without any persuasion or improper or undue influence on the part of these defendants or either of them, and that said deed was made to the defendant Theodore Briggs, as trustee for use and benefit of the defendant Anna Cunningham, the wife of said Isaac S. Cunningham.
“Defendants further admit that after the death of said Isaac S. Cunningham, the defendant Theodore Briggs did convey said land to the defendant Anna Cunningham, and that on the same day the said Anna Cunningham conveyed said land back to the said Theodore Briggs, but the defendants state and aver the fact to be that at the time of the execution and delivery of said last mentioned deed a contract was made*35 and entered into between the defendants whereby the said Theodore Briggs contracted and agreed to support and maintain the defendant Anna Cunningham as long as she lives.
“Further answering the petition, defendants deny each and every other allegation in said petition contained, and having fully answered, ask to be discharged with their costs.”
Counsel for defendants strenuously insist that the evidence contained in the record is insufficient to sustain the finding and decree of the court as to the mental incapacity of the deceased to make the deed, and that no undue influence whatever was exercised over his mind by the defendants. Unfortunately this character of defense always calls for an extended consideration of all the evidence in the case.
The evidence is voluminous, covering more than a hundred pages of printed matter; and after carefully reading the same and comparing it with the statement of the case made by counsel for appellants, we find that they have correctly stated the substance thereof as introduced by counsel for both sides, which we will copy largely from, without giving credit for same, as we may add to or subtract therefrom, as we deem just and proper.
PLAINTIFF’S EVIDENCE.
Doctor J. L. Cant-well testified: That he had known the deceased for twenty-five years or more and had prescribed for and treated him occasionally during all that time. The deceased was getting along in years and was more or less debilitated; he considered him physically weak and on the decline and suffering from senile changes. Witness had moved away from this county in 1906, and had not seen the deceased since that time. When he last saw the deceased in 1906, he did not think he would have been able to transact any
John Sujitser testified: That he was twenty-one years old and had known the deceased all his life. On one occasion early in March, 1906, he met the deceased at Ot Colsen’s, who lives about two and one-half miles northeast of St. Catherine. Witness was going to Brookfield the next morning, and deceased came down there from his home on horseback, intending to walk from there next morning to St. Catherine, and there take the train to Brookfield. They agreed that they would'go to Brookfield together the next day. The next morning the deceased got up about six o’clock while breakfast was. being prepared and left for St. Catherine on foot without saying anything to anyone about it. When witness got to St. Catherine deceased had not come, but the train was due at 11:10, and deceased arrived about a half hour before train time. When deceased arrived he was tired out; he said it looked like he ought to know where everybody lived, hut he didn’t, and he did not say what caused him to lose his way. Deceased lived- about four miles north of where he stayed all night, and was familiar with the road to St. Catherine and the way across, the fields. The mental and physical condition of the deceased was just about what would be expected of a man of his age. He looked after his stock and farm and took about the same care of them as his neighbors took of theirs, and conducted his business about as well as his neighbors conducted theirs. Witness said that he guessed the deceased had capacity to manage all of his ordinary affairs.
Laura Colsen testified: That she was a sister-in-law of the deceased by his third marriage. She lived with her son Ot Colsen and was at his house on the occasion when deceased and John Switzer came there and stayed all night. Deceased talked quite a bit that evening; he was restless, was always restless; and it seemed to grow on him as he grew older. She saw him
Fannie Colsen testified: That she was Ot Col-sen’s wife and thirty-one years old. On the morning he left their house for St. Catherine he came down like he was perfectly excited about oversleeping himself; it was daylight when he came down. She said to him, “Why, Uncle Ike, why didn’t you wait? I would call you for breakfast;” he seemed kind of excited about it and wanted to know about her brother (Switzer) being gone. She told him he was. not gone and that her husband was out feeding, and he walked out and that was the last she saw of him until he came back from Brook-field. She then asked him what made him go off before breakfast, and he said, “I guess I taken a crazy fit and went off and got lost, and I don’t know what time I got to town. ’.’ Deceased never seemed like a man capable of doing business. She was at his house the morning after he died and had a conversation with his widow, in which witness said, “Aunt Anna, it seems as though Uncle Ike’s mind wasn’t right or he wouldn’t have taken carbolic acid,” and the widow replied, “No, I have noticed that papa’s mind wasn’t right for a long lime. ’ ’ The widow said to her and Minnie Hunter, the next morning, “I have noticed papa hasn’t been right
Ot Colsen testified: That in his opinion Mr. Cunningham in the latter years of his life was not capable of transacting any complicated business. On one occasion deceased wanted a cow that was giving milk, and wanted his son to trade for one; witness offered to trade him a young cow for two, an old cow and a heifer, and give him five dollars to boot. When he and the boy first told the old man about the trade he got mad and thought they were trying to swindle him; but when they told him what kind of a cow witness had he became satisfied and gave the boy $2.50 for making the trade. On another occasion witness bought one hundred bushels of com from him at‘forty cents a bushel, which was the market price; he hauled one load and then said he couldn’t spare anymore; afterwards deceased came to him and told him he could have the balance of the one hundred bushels; and in the meantime the .price of corn had advanced five cents on the bushel.
' P. L. Limeberry testified: That he had been acquainted with the deceased since 1868. He was always a nervous man and peculiar, and as he grew older he broke down mentally and physically, and from his- observation deceased was not of sound mind. Deceased might have been able to understand and transact some kinds of business in 1906 and 1907, but others he would not. He was a man easily influenced. You would go to ■ him for anything, and he would tell you “No” blunt, and talk with him a few minutes and he would give you more than he was able. Witness and, deceased were good friends, and witness- would sometimes go on his note for money and was on his note when he died, and had been for years. Deceased attended to. his ordinary business, but he did not consider him a good business man. Sometimes he made bad trades. In 1902 or 1903, witness bought five or six head of cattle of him and paid the market price. . Deceased was able to make that trade and capable of attending to ordinary business.
J. G. Schreckise testified: That he lived three-quarters of a mile from where Mr. Cunningham had lived, and had known him ever since the war. He was a nervous, excitable man, taking notions' and changing his mind. He had a small piece of timber that he sold
Robert Schreckise testified: That deceased was a nervous and excitable man, and would change his mind frequently. When witness would go to his place sometimes he would be in the best of humor, and other times he would start for the house mumbling and would not talk to him. These peculiarities increased as he grew older, and in his opinion he was not of sound mind, especially in the latter years of his life. Sometimes when he would go over to Mr. Cunningham’s he would talk to him and ask him in like a man, and other times he would walk away mumbling and swearing and have no conversation. Upon one occasion deceased said, “What the devil do you want here?” and the witness turned around and went back.
Wesley Harper testified: That he was a rural mail carrier out of St. Catherine and delivered mail to the deceased. Sometimes his brother, Robert Harper, would carry mail as his substitute, and sometimes the deceased would'call him Robert instead of Wesley.
Walter Schreckise testified: That he was another of the seven Schreckise hoys. He had worked a good deal for the deceased, and at meal time the deceased would say, “Go on to supper,” that he didn’t care for any, and after the other folks had sat down the old man would come in and eat as hearty a supper as any of them. On one occasion he went there to get some seed corn, the deceased said he didn’t have any to spare, and they talked a while, and the deceased then said that he could have the corn and told him to go down to the crib and help himself. In his opinion the deceased wasn’t of sound mind, particularly during the latter years of his life, and he didn’t think he was capable of fully understanding, comprehending and transacting business during the latter years of his. life.
Walter Garter testified: That he had lived in the ueighborhood of the deceased for thirty-five years; had lived about a half mile from hisi place, and had known and neighbored with him all that time. Saw him frequently during that time, sometimes twice a day and talked to him frequently. Had business with him on different occasions. Along in the summer before he died the next May, witness sold his. hoy, Orlando, a
James Sullivan testified: That sometimes when he would see the deceased he would seem friendly and glad to see him, and maybe the next time he wouldn’t have much to say.
Bay Pankey testified: That he is a son of John Pankey, and remembered the occasion when deceased came to their house one morning in March, 1906. He came up to the barn from the east. Witness did not know him, and sent for his father. Deceased told witness who he was and inquired the way to S-t. Catherine, and witness pointed him back towards St. Catherine, and deceased turned around and looked that way. Witness pointed out Mr. Lapping’s house, which was southeast of their place and told him to go to that house, and there he would find the road to St. Catherine. He started off that way and went down the lane south of the barn, and when he got to the end of that lane he turned to the right and went over towards Mr. Newman’s house. That was a foggy, cloudy morning; you could see, but it was cloudy and a little foggy.
George W. Nester testified: That he wasi a notary public and justice of the peace and had been a member of the county court. Pie had known the deceased twenty-five or thirty years, and lived about three and one-half miles north of him. He was administrator of the estate of the deceased and took an inventory of the estate at the home of deceased some five or six weeks after he died. Among the personsi present at the time were the widow, C. Gf. Gardner, George W. Coffman and Obediah Brown. While they were taking the in
There was undisputed evidence to the effect that deceased upon the occasion of going to St. Catherine, about three miles, on his way to Brookfield, became lost and wandered over the country from about six o ’clock in the morning until almost eleven; and instead of going southeast to St. Catherine he went more than three miles northwest thereof, notwithstanding the fact that he had lived right there for forty years or more and was perfectly familiar with the entire country there
That a few weeks prior to his death he drank carbolic acid with suicidal intent, and finally died from its effect.
That he had been married four times, the last time to Anna Cunningham, one of the defendants. Prior to his marriage to her, he conveyed to her the forty-acre tract as a marriage settlement.
That the two tracts of land conveyed to Briggs by the deed mentioned was all the real estate the deceased and his wife owned.
That at the time of this conveyance Cunningham had a minor son living with him.
The deed which is sought to be set aside is. an ordinary general warranty deed, conveying to Briggs the seventy-nine acres of land that belonged to Cunningham and the forty acres he had previously conveyed to his wife, for a recited consideration of $2400, which was never paid.
After Cunningham’s death, the administrator of his estate sued Briggs for $2400, and thereafter and during the pendency of said suit he conveyed all of said land back to Anna Cunningham, his codefendant, and on the same day she reconveyed it to him, in consideration of- the matters and things, stated in a contract made and entered into by and between said Briggs and said Anna Cunningham, dated August 27, 1908, and recorded in the recorder’s office of Linn county, which is fully set out in defendants ’ evidence.
That after the execution of this contract, if I correctly understand the record, the administrator dismissed his suit to recover said $2400, and the heirs of Cunningham instituted this one.
Doctor John M. Boyles testified: That he is a physician, lived at Shelby, Linn county, Missouri, and had practiced his profession for about twenty-five years. He was. acquainted with the deceased for three or four months before he died, and attended him during his last illness. He visited deceased eight, ten or a dozen times; attended him first for some injury he sustained from getting squeezed up in his barn with his colts; he was injured through the hips from which he suffered pain. Didn’t engage in conversation with deceased about business matters; talked about common events;'did not observe anything unusual about his condition mentally; nor anything’ indicating that he was not capable of knowing and understanding business transactions. He appeared reasonable and intelligent for a man of his age. Deceased told him he was seventy-two years old. He always regarded deceased as sound, sane and rational. Was called once in company with Doctor Evans, the time deceased had taken carbolic acid; that was about three weeks before he died. The reason deceased gave him for taking carbolic acid was that he was sick and out of heart and couldn’t get well, and that he would end his life and get out of it. He said he was worn out, sick and couldn’t get well, and in pain. He talked about it in a rational, sensible manner. After he drank that carbolic acid he was very solicitous to get well. Suicide is usually deemed by the medical profession as a symptom of insanity, but when witness talked to him and examined him his mental condition was as good as a man of his years usually is. He was rational, intelligent and sane, and always was when witness saw him. When a'man or woman takes, poison in an attempt to take life, it is generally said there is some mental aberration, some despondency or something of that kind.
Obediah Brovm testified: That he was a farmer, and lived in the Cunningham neighborhood. Had known deceased twenty-five years. The post office, St. Catherine, is over west of his place and deceased passed his place often going to the post office. Saw him about four weeks after he was hurt; that was the last of February, or the first of March, 1908; saw him again about ten days after that. From his acquaintance with deceased his mental condition was as sound as it ever was; so far as witness ever heard until his death he was. sound and sane on every question on which he talked to him. The first time he heard deceased’s soundness of mind questioned was in the evening after he died in the morning; that was by George Colsen. In the latter years of his life he was about the same as before, only old age was overtaking him. Deceased talked with witness about the disposition of his
Charles Gardner testified: That he had known deceased as far back as 1873, and continued to know him down to the time of his death. Had seen him frequently during all that time, and had some little business with him. In these transactions he seemed to be of sound mind like any other man; he wanted every nickel that witness ever owed him. From the knowledge, acquaintance and dealings of witness with him he was capable of knowing, appreciating and understanding ordinary business transactions such as making a deed or contract. Saw him only a few days before he died, not more than two or three weeks. His condition was about the same as it had been for the last twenty-seven years. Had never heard óf any question or doubt as to his mental condition at any time until after his death.
Theodore Hcmsman testified: That he was engaged in the hardware and implement business at Bucklin; had been in that business twenty-one years; deceased traded with him more or less during all that time. The last time he saw deceased was in the fall of 1907; he frequently sold him goods on time; the last time was a wagon bed. He would come in and settle up his accounts; sold him the wagon bed in the fall of
J. W. Rouse testified: That he was a banker and lived at Bucklin; had lived there a little over twenty-one years. Knew the deceased and transacted some business with him; loaned him money. occasionally, which he would pay. He died owing the bank a little, which was paid by his administrator. From his dealings and transactions with the deceased he never suspected anything wrong with his mind. Never thought of such a thing. He appeared to understand and transact his business in the ordinary way. He got a pension, and generally came down there to get the money. That would occur every quarter. He probably did that for six, eight or ten years. Sometimes he would borrow money from the bank and then renew the note.
John Veal testified: That he lived north of Bucklin about five miles; had known deceased since the fall of 1866 or 1867, and would see him frequently during all that time. Deceased’s second wife was witness’s sister; he had three children by her, two of whom are
Anna Cunningham testified: That she did not tell Fannie Colsen, after Mr. Cunningham’s death, that Mr. Cunningham had been out of his. mind or crazy; and that she did not say to Mrs. Fannie Colsen that he had been out of his. mind and wrong’ ever since Maddox beat him out of some money; that she never mentioned such a thing to Fannie Colsen.
Mayme Briggs testified: That she is a daughter of Theodore Briggs, and was at the house of the deceased about two hours after he died; that she was there in the room with her stepmother and Mrs. Fannie Colsen all the time Mrs. Colsen was there on that oc
WiUa Briggs testified: That she is a daughter of Theodore Briggs, and had known the deceased all her life. Their families were intimate and visited back and forth frequently. The deceased always appeared rational and of sound mind.
Zack Bulliam testified: That he had known Isaac S. Cunningham for twenty-five years, but had never had any particular acquaintance with him until the last five or six years. Never had any business transactions with him, but would see him often of late years at Mr. Bond’s store, where he got his mail and did his trading. He regarded deceased as being a man of sound mind; he seemed to be capable of knowing and understanding transactions of business.. He never heard any doubt expressed or question raised in regard to it up to the time of his death and afterwards. As far as witness ever heard, Mr. Cunningham transacted his ordinary business. He found out that witness had lived close to where his wife had lived and he talked quite a bit to witness about his wife, bragging on her. He also talked to witness about his experience in the war, and remembered and could relate what had occurred. He told witnessi he was seventy-one years old.
Allen Newman testified: That fie lived about three miles northeast of St. Catherine and about a half mile from the farm of John Pankey; was: living there in March, 1906. He saw the deceased at his father’s place on the 2-lst of March, 1906; he came there in the morning about seven o ’clock from the direction of Mr. Pankey’s. He told witness who he was and said he was going to St. Catherine. He said he didn’t know the way and wanted to be directed. He said he stayed over in the brush northeast of there. Ot Colsen’s is about straight east, and there is some timber over there about his place. Mr. Cunningham said he was turned around, and he didn’t know the way to St. Catherine and would like to have some one. take him. Witness directed him to go southeast, and he went. Prom what witness saw of him that morning and hisi appearance and talk he was not at that time of sound mind.
The contract between Briggs and Anna Cunningham, his codefendant, executed August 27, 1908, previously mentioned, and constituting the consideration for the execution of the deed of the latter to the former, is as follows:
“This contract, made and entered into this: 27th day of August, 1908, by and between Theodore Briggs, party of the first part, and Annie Cunningham, party of the second part, both of Linn county, Missouri, witnesseth:
“That party of the first part, in consideration of the sum of twenty-four hundred dollars, paid by the conveyance to him by said second party of the land hereinafter described, does by these presents grant unto the party of the second part, for and during her natural life, the right and privilege of living upon and occupying with the family of the first party the dwelling house in which first party now resides or may*53 hereafter reside, and said first party does hereby charge the following described real estate with the keep, care and maintenance of said second party so long as she remains single and a member of his family, bo-wit: Seventy-nine and eighty-three one hundred acres in Lot One; also thirty-eight and fifteen one hundred acres in Lot Two; also two and seventy-three one hundred acres of the west half of the east half of Lot Two; all in the northwest quarter of section 5, township 58, range 18, Linn County, Missouri, except three and one-half acres deeded to the trustees of the M. E. Church, South, September 2, 1882; the land conveyed being the same land conveyed to said Theodore Briggs by Isaac Cunningham and Anna Cunningham, his wife, by deed dated October 18, 1907, and recorded in the recorder’s office of said county in book 165 at page 309.
“In witness whereof, the said party of the first part has hereunto subscribed his name and affixed his seal on the day and year first above written.
“Theodore. Briggs (Seal).” .
(Then follows the acknowledgment.)-
I. Counsel for. appellants present three legal propositions for determination, viz.: First, that the court erred in admitting certain evidence over their objection; second, that there was no evidence introduced even tending to show, much less sufficient to support, the finding and decree of the court to the effect that the deed from Cunningham and wife to Briggs was procured by fraud and undue influence; and third, that the evidence introduced was insufficient to support the finding and decree of the court, to the effect that Isaac S. Cunningham was of unsound mind and incapable of making the deed in controversy.
We will dispose of these propositions in the order stated.
The law of this State is too well settled to admit argument that nonexpert witnesses must first state the facts in their knowledge upon which they base their opinions, before such opinions are admissible in evidence.
After reading the entire record and collating the substance of all the testimony introduced, as set out in the statement of the case, we are satisfied that each and all of the witnesses who gave their opinions as. to the mental condition of the deceased, sufficiently stated the facts existing in their own knowledge, upon which they predicated such opinions to qualify them as witnesses in that regard.
All of them testified that they had known Cunningham personally for a great many years; had lived neighbors to bim during the same time, and had observed his life and conduct from the time they first knew him, down to the date of his death.
Each and all of them stated the reasons why they thought he was of unsound mind; and wMle the specific reasons given by some of the witnesses for entertaining-such opinions were not very persuasive, yet when taken in connection with their long and intimate acquaintance with him and their close observation of his life and conduct and his physical condition, extending over all those years, were sufficient to qualify them to testify in that regard.
Counsel for appellants recognized the correctness of that rule of evidence by introducing the same class of witnesses, and asking their opinions as to the mental condition of Cunningham, based upon facts no more
We are, therefore, of the opinion, that the testimony mentioned was competent and that the ruling of the court in admitting the same was correct.
I think not. Counsel for appellants have failed to point to any evidence of that character, and after a diligent search of the record; we have failed to find any such evidence; and for that reason, if the decree of the-circuit court was based upon the charge of undue influence, it was clearly erroneous.
We will' approach this qxxestion by first briefly stating the undisputed facts as shown by the record, and then we will consider the testimony of the expert'and xionexpert witnesses on the question of insanity, in the light of the facts which speak for themselves.
The following facts are undisputed:
The children and heirs of Isaac S'. Cunningham brought this suit to set aside and cancel'the warranty deed executed by him and his wife, Anna Cunningham,'
This; deed conveyed to said Briggs the eighty-three and a fraction acres of land described in the pleadings and evidence, which belonged to said Isaac S. Cunningham, and the forty acres, mentioned belonging to said Anna Cunningham, for the recited consideration of $2400, which it is conceded was; never paid.
This .land was all the real estate owned by said Isaac S. Cunningham, which was his homestead and upon which he, his wife and a minor son of his, by a former marriage, resided.
The deceased had been married four times; the last time to Anna Barnes, one of the appellants, some four years prior to the date of the deed in question.
There were no children born of the latter marriage, but Cunningham was. the father of seven children by the former marriages; said children being the plaintiffs in this case.
Immediately • prior to the last marriage the deceased, as a marriage settlement, conveyed to the defendant, Anna Cunningham, nee Barnes, the forty acres of land owned by her and included in and conveyed by him and her to Briggs; along with the eighty odd acres belonging to him, as previously mentioned.
He had no other means except a little personal property of not much value.
Cunningham was about seventy-two years of age and had been sick and feeble during the last few'years of his life. Shortly before the execution of the deed in question, he received a severe personal injury by having been run against and mashed by some colts. He died some time in the early part of the year 1908, from the effects of carbolic acid taken with suicidal intent some three weeksi prior to his death.
That shortly after the demise of Cunningham an administrator of his estate was duly appointed by the probate court of Linn county, who instituted a suit
That after the institution of that suit, said Briggs by deed duly executed conveyed said land to the said Anna Cunningham, his codefendant, and immediately thereafter and as a part of the same transaction, she reconveyed it back to him in fee, for the recited consideration stated in the contract made and entered into by and between them on August 27, 1908, as set out in the statement of the case, which in effect provided that he was to support and maintain her in his. home, as a member of his family, so long as she remained single and chose to remain there.
That deceased was all his life nervous and excitable, and easily made angry, and as some of the witnesses testified, was considered odd or eccentric. He was not constant, but was somewhat despondent and very changeable, in his opinions, in business affairs, and somewhat in social conduct.
Cunningham had lived on this land for forty years or more, and knew the country thoroughly. St. Catherine, a small village, a few miles distant, was his post office, where he went once or twice a week during all those years for his mail. About one year prior to making the deed iñ question, he started from a neighbor’s house, about six o’clock a. m., where he had remained over night, to go to St. Catherine to take the train to Brookfield.
He left without breakfast, in an excited condition, ignoring an engagement he had with his neighbor to go with him to St. Catherine, and lost his way and was compelled to inquire the way from two other neighbors; and after being directed, he again became confused and wandered about the country until almost eleven o’clock, just in time to take the train to Brook-field; and when asked what detained him so long, he
The deed from Cunningham and wife to Briggs was a straight warranty deed, containing no language whatever creating a trust in the land in favor of his wife, Anna Cunningham, as stated in the answer, or that the land was conveyed to him as a trustee for any purpose. That the first time the trust question was ever heard of was when Briggs conveyed the land to Mrs. Cunningham, and she reconveyed it back to him in consideration of his contract, dated August 27, 1908, to support and maintain her during the time she chose to remain in his house as a member of his family.
There was evidence tending to show that Mrs. Cunningham told some of the witnesses that Mr. Cunningham had been crazy or out of his mind for some time prior -to his death; and that she tried to make some of the plaintiffs believe that Briggs had paid the $2400, recited in the deed, as the purchase price of the land, to her.
It was upon this state of facts, considered in connection with the testimony of the expert and nonexpert witnesses regarding the condition of the deceased’s mind, that the trial court found for the respondents and rendered the decree accordingly.
Counsel for appellants, as previously stated,, strenuously contend that this evidence was not sufficient to support the findings and decree of the chancellor; while upon the other hand, counsel for respondents, with equal earnestness, insists that it was ample in every respect.
In our opinion the evidence warranted the finding of the court, that the deceased was incompetent to make the deed in question, and our reasons for so stating- are as follows:
In the first place, there is no question but what Cunningham was a man of less intelligence than that of the ordinary man; and practically all of the witnesses
The evidence also shows that he was fickle and changeable in his opinions and purposes, easily aroused and became angry and would curse his neighbors without provocation.
That in numerous cases his business transactions and social conduct were not in beeping with those of the ordinary man of intelligence.
That he would make a trade and “back out of it,” before it was executed; and upon other occasions he would absolutely refuse to trade when a proposition was presented to him; he thinking that they were trying to swindle him, and in a few minutes he would make the trade upon terms more favorable to the other party than those offered by the other party in the beginning.
He sold some standing timber to one of the witnesses, and some corn to another, and in each ease, without any excuse whatever, after a part had been delivered, he stopped the further delivery of each and later he told them to go on and cut the timber and haul the corn.
His social conduct, at times, was out of the ordinary. At times he was bright and pleasant and would converse freely with his neighbors, and then again he would become angry without provocation and would talk but little, and when he did, it would be to quarrel and fuss with them; and at other times he would sit around and have nothing to say to anyone.
Without provocation, he swore at and ordered one of the witnesses from his yard, and laughingly he (the witness) turned and went away, but shortly, within a few days, he returned as he had frequently done before, and deceased acted just as he had always done before, just as if nothing unpleasant had ever occurred.
While all of these matters are little things in themselves, yet when occurring persistently under different circumstances, they point to an unsound mind, and especially when viewed in .the light of the greater things that transpired before and after their occurrence.
The conduct of Cunningham at the home of Mr. Colsen, upon the occasion of his going to Brookfield, is not in keeping with the actions of a sane man. In the first place, he and Mr. Switzer had agreed to stay over night with Mr. Colsen; and the next morning to walk to St. Catherine and there take the train to Brookfield. The next morning Colsen and Switzer got up and went to the barn to feed the stock. While there, Cunningham got up and in a very excited manner and condition asked Mrs. Colsen what had become of Switzer; he evidently believing Switzer had gone and left him. She tried to pacify him by telling him that Switzer and her husband were down at the barn feeding the stock and would return shortly, and requested him to have a seat and wait until they returned, at. which time, she told him they would have breakfast. But not satisfied, he stepped out of the door and none of them saw him again until Switzer met him at the train, some five hours later. In the meantime Cunningham had started
Finally, just before eleven o ’clock, he reached St. Catherine just in time to catch the train; and when there asked what detained him so long, he replied that he supposed he had a crazy spell.
Suicide is almost invariably the result of melancholy and is indicative of insanity, as testified to' by the physician who attended deceased in his last illness.
All of the witnesses, who testified to those facts stated that in their opinion Mr. Cunningham’s mind was unbalanced; and in- fact all: of the witnesses' who testified on behalf of the respondents say that in their opinion he had been of unsound mind for several years.
Now, in the light of those facts,, let us view the action of Cunningham in executing the deed in question.
In that condition what did he do 1 Without a cent having been paid to him or a scratch of a pen showing Briggs owed him a penny, he conveyed to the latter, a perfect stranger to his blood, eighty odd acres of land, practically all of the property he owned in the world, and thereby pauperized himself and his family, with no hope or belief that he could from that time forward make a living- for himself or them; and if he was a sensible man he must have known that he and his wife, if not the son, would, during- the remainder of their lives, be compelled to depend upon the cold charity of the world for subsistence; conduct more cruel' and heartless than the tortures of the savage. That is not the conduct of ordinary, sensible men, but is in perfect keeping with the acts of a crazy man.
That insistence has not a scintilla of evidence to support it, but is expressly refuted by the very deed through which he claims the title to this land. 'Said deed contains no intimation of the fact that he held the land in trust for any purpose, but upon the contrary, the deed conveys to him an absolute title in fee, for the recited consideration of $2400, and acknowledges the receipt of the payment thereof.
This, is also admitted by counsel for appellants; or more correctly speaking, they do not deny it, but insist that there was. an oral understanding and agreement
That insistence is untenable for two reasons. First, because this record does not contain one word of evidence tending to show any such agreement was ever made between them. Certainly the self-serving deeds and contract made by and between Briggs and Anna Cunningham, mentioned in the evidence, long after the death of Cunningham, are no evidence whatever of the existence of the alleged contract between Briggs and Cunningham, by which it is claimed the former agreed to hold the land for the use of the wife of the latter. And the second reason mentioned is, that a trust of the character mentioned cannot be created by parol agreement; it must be created in lands and tenements by some writing signed by the party declaring the trust.
Section 2868, Revised Statutes 1909, is applicable to such cases, and reads as follows: “All declarations or creations of trust or confidence of any lands, tenements or hereditaments shall be manifested and proved by some writing signed by the party who is, or shall be, by law, enabled to declare such trusts, or by his last will, in writing, or else they shall be void.”
Counsel for appellants plead an express oral contract between Cunningham and Briggs, creating the pretended trust in favor of the former’s wife, and offered to prove that contract by their own testimony, which the court properly excluded.
That ruling of the court was proper for two reasons : First, because Cunningham was dead, and under the statute the other parties' to the contract were incompetent to testify; and, second, because such an agreement falls squarely within the letter and spirit of the Statute of Frauds and cannot be proven except by some writing signed by the party creating.it. This, has been so held by this court in numerous cases, and among others are the following: Hillman v. Allen, 145
I am perfectly familiar with, the Rogers-Ramey case, having tried it in the court below; and it is on all-fours with this case, and is controlling herein.
But independent of this, suppose it should be conceded that Cunningham did convey the land to Briggs for the use of the former’s wife, and that it could be legally established, then what would be the situation?
"We would then have a case which in my opinion would point to, an unsound mind, as strongly, if not stronger, than do the facts just considered, for the re£u-son that Cunningham had previously made a liberal marriage, settlement upon his wife — considering his financial condition — which in her humble position in life, would have been ample to support her. With that knowledge, which he had,'.if he was a man of sound mind, he would not in all probability have conveyed to her all the remainder of hisi property, which was not necessary for her comfort and support, and thereby have turned himself out upon the world, old, sick and feeble, without shelter, food or raiment, or a place upon which to lay his head.
Such conduct is not ordinarily, if ever, observed" in men of sense and sound mind, but is in keeping with the morbid and insane delusions of a crazy man.
If the doctrine of res ipsa loquitur ever applies: to this class of cases, then the facts themselves proclaim fraud and undue influence or insanity.
All of these matters and things were before the chancellor, and he had the witnesses before him and observed their conduct and demeanor upon the witness stand, and was in a far better position to pass upon their credibility and the weight of their evidence than we are in cases of this character.
While this court reserves the right to review and weigh the evidence in equity cases, yet if there is no
In this case, and as just stated, the chancellor saw the witnesses, observed their conduct and demeanor upon the witness stand, and after hearing all the evidence found the issues for the respondents, and rendered a decree accordingly, setting aside and cancelling said deed from Isaac S. Cunningham to Theodore Briggs, dated October 18, 1907, conveying the eighty odd acres of land described in the pleadings and evidence to him in fee. Finding no error in the record, we are of the opinion that the decree of the circuit court should be affirmed and it is so ordered.