Hunt v. Wall

75 Pa. 413 | Pa. | 1874

The opinion of the court was delivered, May 11th 1874, by

Mercur, J.

This was an action of ejectment brought by the heirs of Celinda Hubbard. The land in question was devised to her in 1831; she was then the wife of Sylvester Hubbard, and so continued to the time of her death in 1835. During this interval of time, she sold, by a parol contract to one Quince, twenty-five acres thereof. During her life, Quince took possession of the land so purchased, and perhaps of all the land in controversy. The possession then taken by Quince was continued by him, and by persons claiming under him, without interruption down to the commencement of this suit. It was then held by the plaintiff in error. The summons issued in June 1870. The sale made by Mrs. Hubbard being invalid by reason of her coverture, the Statute of Limitations was interposed as a bar to a recovery by the heirs. It appears that Sylvester Hubbard survived his wife and died in 1863the heirs claim they had ten years after the death of Sylvester in which to bring their suit, and that the adverse possession commenced during the life of their mother, was no bar to their recovery. The court below adopted this view of the law; this construction of the statute is assigned as error, and is the main point in the case.

The 2d section of the Act of 26th of March 1785, Purd. Dig. 927, pi. 3, declares, “ that no action to recover lands, can be maintained by any person, unless brought within twenty-one years after his or her right or title to the same first descended or accrued.” It contains no exception in favor of persons who may be under legal disabilities. Minors and feme coverts are thereby given no longer time than any other persons ; the rights of all are equally barred at the expiration of twenty-one years. The 4th section of said act excepts persons under legal disabilities, from the restricted application of the second section. It provides, “ that if any person or persons having such right or title be or shall be, at the time such right or title first descended or accrued, within the age of twenty-one years, feme covert, non compos mentis, imprisoned, * * * then such person or persons, and the heir or heirs of such person or persons, shall and may notwithstanding the said twenty-one years be expired, bring his or their action, or make his or their entry, as he, she or they might have done before the passing of this act, so as such person or persons, or the heir or heirs of such person or persons, shall within ten years next after attaining full age, disco verture, soundness of mind, enlargement out of prison, * * * take benefit of or sue for the same, and no time after the said ten years. And in case such person or persons shall die within the said term of ten years under any of the disabilities aforesaid, the' heir or heirs of such person or persons, shall have the same benefit that such person or persons could or might have had by living until the disabilities should have ceased or been removed.” It was said in Henry v. Carson, 9 P. F. Smith 297, that the correct interpretation of the phrase “ die within the said term of ten years” is to read it “inside of not overstepping before the commencement of the said term of ten years.” Thus it will be observed all the exceptions which extend the right of action beyond the twenty-one years, are confined to persons, and the heirs of persons, who were under legal disabilities when the right or title, under which they claimed, first descended or accrued. If the right or title was first acquired by a person while under either of said disabilities, then such person notwithstanding the twenty-one years had thereafter expired, might, within ten years after the disability was removed, maintain his action. If such first acquirer died under any of said disabilities, then.the heir or heirs of the one so dying, was given the same length of time in which to bring suit, as the said acquirer would have had by living until the disability was removed.

As the heirs of Celinda Hubbard had no right to the possession, and could not maintain ejectment, during the life of Sylvester Hubbard, they would have had, under this section, ten years after his death in which to bring suit: Carlisle et al. v. Stitler, 1 P. R. 6 ; Marple et al. v. Myers, 2 Jones 122 ; Henry v. Carson, supra.

Has subsequent legislation so changed the law as to bar their right of action ?

'Two Acts of Assembly restricting the operations of this 4th section have been passed.

The 15th section of the Act of 14th April 1851 (Purd. Dig. 929), pi. 8, declares, “ from henceforth no person or persons Avhatsoever shall make entry into any manors, lands, tenements or hereditaments, after the expiration of forty years next after'his, her or their right or title to the same first descended or accrued; nor shall any person or persons whatsoever have or maintain any writ of right or any other real or personal writ or action for any manors, lands, tenements or hereditaments of the seisin or possession of him, her or themselves, his, her or their ancestors or predecessors, than within forty years next before such writ, action or suit so hereafter to be sued, commenced or brought.” The 7th section of the Act of 4th May 1852, declares that the aforesaid 15th section shall be “ construed to extend to, and apply only to writs of right and other writs pertaining to manorial lands in the city and county of Philadelphia.” The next act, that of 22d April 1856 (Purd. Dig. 930, section 1, pi. 13), declares “no exception in any Act of Assembly respecting the limitation of actions in favor of persons non compotes mentis, imprisoned, femes covert or minors, shall extend so as to permit any person to maintain any action for the recovery of any lands or tenements, after thirty years shall have elapsed since the right of entry thereto accrued to any person within the exceptions aforesaid.” It is entitled “ An Act for the greater certainty of title and more secure enjoyment of real estate.” Under the 4th section of the Act of 26th March 1785, an exclusive and adverse possession of more than fifty years might give an uncertain title. A coverture extending to an advanced age might be followed by ten succeeding years before the holder of a title by adverse possession would be quieted in his estate. The title remained uncertain for an indefinite number of years. The Act of 1856 makes the limitation of time fixed and definite. It declares a lesser number of years shall mark the ultimate limits of time within which the rights of persons under the disabilities named can be asserted by law. The intent is most manifest. The language is clear and explicit. It admits of one construction only. It strikes at all previous laws, which excepted persons under disabilities, from the operation of the' 2d section of said Act of 1785. It does not entirely repeal the 4th section, but modifies it. It designates thirty years as the longest period within which such a person can successfully prosecute his claim. That is the bound beyond which neither feme covert nor minor can pass without loss of title.

. We think therefore the learned judge erred in charging that the Statute of Limitations constituted no defence, and the fourth assignment is sustained. We discover no merit in the other assignments.

Judgment reversed, and a venire facias de novo awarded.